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Transesterification Reaction of Waste Cooking Oil and Chicken Fat by Homogeneous Catalysis

Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2014年第7期8卷 736-743页

作者： Ignacio Contreras Andrade Jonathan Parra Santiago Jose Ricardo Sodre joseph sebastian pathiyamattom Carlos Alberto Guerrero-Fajardo Doctor Chemical Engineering Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Culiacan Rosales 80040 Mexico Chemical Engineering (C) Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogota 11001 Colombia Doctor Mechanical Engineering Coordenador Programa de Pos-Graduaao em Engenharia Mecdnica Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte 30130 Brazil Center for Energy Research Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Temixco 62580 Mexico Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogota 11001 Colombia

In the last years, biodiesel production has been on a steady increase due to it is renewable and biodegradable fuel. The process to obtain biodiesel can be carried out using different raw materials. It is commonly performed by transesterification reaction of vegetable oils with methanol and using a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst. This work seeks to compare the results produced in transesterification of wasted cooking oil and chicken fat by homogeneous catalysis with NaOH. Due to in each case triglyceride comes from different raw materials, operation conditions differ slightly, which is more evident in the values used for the temperature. For chicken fat was used temperature variations between 35 o C and 55 o C, varying catalyst in percentages between 0.3% and 0.7% with a molar ratio 6:1 in all cases and a reaction time of 1 h. Likewise, the conditions used in the transesterification process of waste cooking oil were temperature between 50 o C and 60 o C with a molar ratio 6/1 and 9/1 for alcohol and oil, and catalyst percentage between 0.5% and 0.7% by weight. The yields obtained were between 78% and 94%, or 83% and 95%, for chicken fat and wasted cooking oil, respectively.

关键词：非均相催化剂酯交换反应废食用油脂肪鸡油温度变化生物柴油可生物降解

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Biodiesel Production by Enzymatic Catalysis Process Using Two Analytical Ways： Gas Chromatography and Total Glycerol Determination

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2014年第7期8卷 717-726页

作者： Ignacio Contreras Andrade Jonathan Parra Santiago Jose Ricardo Sodre joseph sebastian pathiyamattom Carlos Alberto Guerrero-Fajardo Doctor Chemical Engineering Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Culiacan 80040 Mexico Chemical Engineering (C) Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogota11001 Colombia Coordinator of the Postgraduate Program in Mechanical Engineering Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais BeloHorizonte 30130 Brazil Center forEnergy Research Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Temixco 62580 Mexico Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogota 11001 Colombia

Currently, biodiesel is presented as one of the best alternatives for gradually replacing the use of fossil fuels, but it has some factors that make it economically impractical if it does not have a government support. For this reason, research efforts focused on this area have been responsible for optimizing the process of biodiesel production by different catalytic routes to achieve greater efficiency at a lower cost. In this case, the biggest problem has been the high cost generated by an investigation, which in many occasions is the main factor to decide if an investigation could be carried out. Trying to reduce these costs, in the current study, we are using a technique of glycerol quantification by volumetric methods and comparing obtained results with the chromatographic method, which is conventionally used and comparatively much more expensive. Biodiesel employee was obtained by an enzymatic catalysis process varying one of three process variables: oil: alcohol molar ratio, temperature and proportion of catalyst. The numerical differences obtained between the two quantification methods generated relative errors lower than 10%, resulting in some occasions lower than 1%. By gas chromatography analysis the best yield was obtained at the same conditions of the volumetric method, a temperature of 45 o C, an oil: alcohol ratio 1:4 and 8 wt.% of catalyst, but a yield of 95.5% and 97.1%, respectively. Due to the high precision of gas chromatography, this method is used to carry out a surface response analysis obtaining as ideal operating conditions a temperature of 43.5 °C, 8.9 wt.%. of catalyst and an oil: alcohol ratio 1:4.

关键词：气相色谱法生物柴油催化工艺优化生产酶法油测定气相色谱分析气相色谱仪

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Ethanol Production Process by Lignocellulosic Material Fermentation from Water Hyacinth Biomass

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2014年第12期8卷 1150-1155页

作者： Bianca Yadira Perez-Sarinana Jonathan Fabian Sierra-Cantor Sergio Saldana-Trinidad Carlos Alberto Guerrero-Fajardo sebastian pathiyamattom joseph Renewable Energy Institute National Autonomous University of Mexico Temixco Morelos 62580 Mexico Department of Chemistry National University of Colombia Bogota 11001 Colombia Agroindustrial Engineering Polytechnic University of Chiapas Tuxtla Gutierrez 29082 Mexico

In order to take advantage of the lignocellulosic material in water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), dehydration pretreatment in the first step and then sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide pretreatment was performed. The microorganism used for the fermentation process was Zimomonas mobilis. Batch fermentation experiments were carried out with four tests using 22 factorial design with two levels leadings to evaluate the effect of NaOH concentration, conditioning salts as independent variables and ethanol produced as a dependent variable. The optimum condition with higher amount of glucose hydrolyzed and ethanol was: substrate conditioning cellulases, it was pretreated 10% NaOH, with 92.38% conversion of glucose to ethanol and yield of 0.47 g ethanol per g of glucose and 0.018 g ethanol per g of biomass.

关键词：发酵过程生物质水葫芦纤维素材料乙醇生产过程木质 NaOH

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An Analytical Procedure for Optimal Sizing of Wind Turbines in Different Wind Regimes

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材料科学与工程（中英文版） 2010年第2期4卷 9-13页

作者： Hernandez Geovanni Lastres Orlando Probst Oliver pathiyamattom sebastian Dorrego Jose Rafael Centro de Investigacion en Energia UNAM. Temixco Morelos 62580 Mexico Instituto de Estudios de la Energia Universidad del ISTMO Oaxaca 68400 Mexico Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Nuevo Leon 64849 Mexico

In this paper a method is developed that allows optimum coupling between wind turbines and the wind characteristics at the installation site. Once the wind characteristics are known, the optimal design wind speed, defined as the wind speed at rated power that maximizes the so-called turbine performance index, can be calculated. General expressions for the wind turbine capacity factor and the turbine performance index are given and example calculations are carried out for different Weibull shape and scale factors. Once the rated velocity is known and the required wind turbine capacity is given, the diameter of the rotor required can be calculated. This ensures an optimum turbine performance and improves the global efficiency of the applications such as integrated wind/hydrogen fuel cell systems.

关键词：风力涡轮机 Weibull 程序风况浆纱优化性能指标发电机组容量

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Study of Technical and Economical Sensitivity in Stand Alone Systems in a Rural Community

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材料科学与工程（中英文版） 2010年第9期4卷 59-65页

作者： Lastres Orlando pathiyamattom sebastian Geovanni Hernandez Galvez Juantorena Alina Nfifies Airel Dorrego Jose Rafael Sainchez Rafael Institute for Energy Studies UN ISTMO Tehuantepec Oaxaca Mexico Energy Research Center Solar Materials Department UNAM Temixeo Morelos Mexico Faculty of Pharmacy Autonomous University of Morelos State Morelos Mexico Faczulty of Mechanical Engineering Eastern University Santiago de Cuba Cuba

This paper presents a study of technical and economical sensitivity for different standalone system configurations with renewable and conventional sources of energy, with storage of hydrogen and batteries. The main objective is to establish the cost of the energy that is produced by such systems. The free software hybrid optimization model for electric renewables (HOMER) was used in this work. Different combinations for the generation of electricity are included in this sensitivity analysis, and the combinations of optimal systems are obtained. The tendencies of the cost of the energy produced in different conditions of the annual wind speed average and of the cost of the fuel cell are described. The cost related to the storage of hydrogen adversely affects the present systems. However, the sensitivity analysis of the cost of production of energy by means of renewable sources of energy has shown that it is possible to obtain systems whose costs of production of energy are similar to those of current systems of renewable sources.

关键词：敏感性分析独立系统农村社区经济技术研究站可再生能源传统能源

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