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Buruli ulcer in nigeria:results of a pilot case study in three rural districts

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 328-336页

作者： Kingsley n.Ukwaja Anthony O.Meka Alphonsus chukwuka Kingsley B.Asiedu Kristina L.Huber Miriam Eddyani joseph n.chukwu Moses C.Anyim Charles C.nwafor Daniel C.Oshi nelson O.Madichie ngozi Ekeke Martin njoku Kentigern ntana Department of Medicine Federal Teaching HospitalFMC RdAbakalikiEbonyi StateNigeria Medical Department German Leprosy and TB Relief AssociationEnuguEnugu StateNigeria St Benedict’s Tuberculosis and Leprosy Rehabilitation Hospital OgojaCross River StateNigeria Global Buruli Ulcer Initiative Department of Control of Neglected Tropical DiseasesWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine University HospitalLudwig-Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany Mycobacteriology Unit Department of MicrobiologyInstitute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium

Background:Buruli ulcer(BU),also known as Mycobacterium ulcerans disease,is the third most common mycobacterial disease *** BU disease has been diagnosed among nigerians in neighbouring West African countries,data on the burden of the disease in nigeria itself are *** study aimed to assess the magnitude and epidemiology of BU in the South South region of ***:We conducted a cross-sectional survey in the Ogoja territory(comprising 31 communities).We undertook sensitisation programmes centred on BU in 10 of the *** were asked to identify community members with long-standing ulcers,who were then invited for *** also contacted traditional healers to refer their clients who had non-healing *** suspected cases had a full clinical evaluation and laboratory *** cases were given treatment in a referral hospital in the ***:We diagnosed 41 clinical BU cases;36(87.8%)of which were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).These 36 PCR-confirmed cases were diagnosed in a total population of 192,169 ***,the estimated crude prevalence of BU was 18.7 per 100,000 population,varying from 6.0 to 41.4 per 100,000 in the districts *** majority(66.7%)of the cases were *** 92%of the BU lesions were located on the patients’*** differences were observed between the sexes in terms of the location of the *** age of the patients ranged from four to 60 years,with a median age of 17 *** 35(100%)patients who consented to treatment completed chemotherapy as *** the treated cases,29(82.9%)needed and received *** cases healed,but 29(82.9%)had some limitations in *** with limitations in movement occurred in 18/19(94.7%)and 8/10(80.0%)of patients with lesions>15 cm(Category III)and 6–15 cm in diameter(Category II),*** median duration of treatment was 130(87–164)days for children and

关键词： Buruli ulcer Mycobacterium ulcerans Epidemiology Case finding Endemicity Ogoja Cross River State nigeria

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Geochemistry and petrogenetic evolution of metasedimentary rocks in Bunu Area,part of Kabba-Lokoja-Igarra schist belt,SW nigeria

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Acta Geochimica 2022年第5期41卷 765-788页

作者： M.S.Kolawole E.C.chukwu A.n.Agibe Department of Geology Federal UniversityOye-EkitiEkiti StateNigeria

Field and geochemical studies of the Bunu area,SW nigeria,were carried out on gneiss-metasedimentary rocks that consist of migmatised gneiss,quartz-mica schist,and foliated and massive *** gneissmetasedimentary rocks are interbedded with meta-igneous rock(amphibolite),all of which are intruded by granitoid and cut by basic and felsic *** data on major,trace,and rare Earth elements of these rocks from the area were used to speculate on the petrogenetic and geodynamic evolution of the rocks in the ***,the metasedimentary rocks in the area have a restricted range of major oxides such as SiO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3)with low average values of FeO,MnO,CaO,and *** of average values of HSFE such as Zr,nb,and Y are moderately high in migmatitic gneiss,quartzmica schist,and low in both massive and foliated quartzite.ΣLREE average values are 124.25,132.41,and18.64 ppm respectively for migmatite gneiss,quartz-mica schist,and low in both massive and foliated *** rocks are also generally enriched in Ba,Cs,Pb,U,Cr,Rb,and Zr and depleted in Be,Sr,Ti,Mo,Th,and *** enrichment–depletion in major oxides and trace elements of the rocks in this area is probably a consequence of the movement of metamorphic remobilized fluids within the rocks in the area during the Pan-African or earlier events as noted in the adjacent Egbe-Isanlu Schist belt.A further geochemical characterisation of the rocks in the area using Log(na_(2)O/KO)vs Log(SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)indicates that while the protolith of migmatised gneiss and quartzmica schist are greywackes to litharenite in compositions that of quartzites are sublitharenite to quartz *** the ternary plot of Al_(2)O_(3)-(CaO+na_(2)O)-KO for metasedimentary rocks in the area,most migmatitic gneiss and quartz-mica schist rocks plot close to average shale while quartzites mostly tend to illite compositions and almost toward the Al_(2)O_(3)-apex of the diagram attesting to depletion of

关键词： Geochemical studies Metasedimentary rocks Geodynamic activities Protolith Passive continental margins

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Occurrence of Multi-Drug Resistant <i>Listeria species</i>in Faecal Samples of Poultry Chickens in Rural Farms in Lagos State, nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2021年第1期11卷 49-59页

作者： Emelda E. chukwu Veronica n. Ibeh Olabisi F. Davies-Bolorunduro Center for Infectious Diseases’ Research Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos State Nigeria national Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control Lagos State Nigeria Center for Tuberculosis Research Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos State Nigeria

Background: Listeriosis is a common zoonotic disease caused by a foodborne pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. Poultry meat and products have been established as vehicles of transmission of pathogenic Listeria strains t... 详细信息

ng>Background:ng> Listeriosis is a common zoonotic disease caused by a foodborne pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. Poultry meat and products have been established as vehicles of transmission of pathogenic Listeria strains to humans. This study evaluates the occurrence of Listeria species in faeces of poultry chicken in Lagos. ng>Methods:ng> One hundred and fourteen pooled fresh faecal samples from cage-reared broiler chickens were collected from 12 farms in three rural areas in Lagos State from May to August 2019. All samples were analysed for Listeria species detection according to ISO11290-1 standard and confirmed using PCR assay. Susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. ng>Results:ng> Twenty-eight (24.6%) Listeria species were detected from 114 faecal samples. The isolated Listeria species were L. monocytogenes 8 (7.0%), L. ivanovii 9 (7.9%), L. grayi 7 (6.1%) and L. innocua 4 (3.5%). There was no significant difference in the frequency of occurrence of Listeria species across the different locations (X2 = 4.98, p = 0.08). The listeria species were susceptible to Augmentin (96.4%), vancomycin (85.7%) and co-trimoxazole (82.1%), but resistant to ceftazidime (100%), tetracycline (75.0%) and ciprofloxacin (71.4%). ng>Conclusion:ng> This study reveals high occurrence of multi-drug resistant Listeria species in faecal samples of poultry chickens in Lagos state which may be an important vector in the contamination of the environment and transmission of antibiotic resistant Listeria species to consumers.

关键词： Listeriosis Listeria monocytogenes Multi-Drug Resistance Poultry Farms Zoonotic Disease Chickens

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视网膜母细胞瘤—发展中国家治疗中的挑战(英文)

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国际眼科杂志 2008年第12期8卷 2381-2382页

作者： E n Onwasigwe I R Ezegwui C n Onwasigwe G Ile-chukwu A E Aghaji 尼日利亚埃努古尼日利亚大学教学医院眼科埃努古州科技大学教学医院眼科尼日利亚大学教学医院社区医学系尼日利亚大学教学医院儿科

目的:回顾发展中国家在治疗视网膜母细胞瘤中的挑战。方法:回顾1998-01/2002-12,埃努古的尼日利亚大学教学医院和Ebrans临床中心的视网膜母细胞瘤患者的临床及组织病理学资料。结果:总共34例通过组织学被确诊为视网膜母细胞瘤患者。男25... 详细信息

目的:回顾发展中国家在治疗视网膜母细胞瘤中的挑战。方法:回顾1998-01/2002-12,埃努古的尼日利亚大学教学医院和Ebrans临床中心的视网膜母细胞瘤患者的临床及组织病理学资料。结果:总共34例通过组织学被确诊为视网膜母细胞瘤患者。男25例(74%),女9例(26%),男女比例为1∶0.4。平均年龄2.9±1.5岁(5mo～7岁)。6例(18%)患者为双眼发病,28例(82%)为单眼。所予以的治疗为眼内容物剜除术或眼球摘除术联合化疗。结论:在发展中国家,由于患者未及时就诊、贫穷、医疗资源匮乏等因素,视网膜母细胞瘤的治疗现状很差。改善其在发展中国家的治疗,应包括健康教育、早期诊断及提供现代化治疗设施。

关键词：发展中国家治疗视网膜母细胞瘤

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Revisiting the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Artemether-Lumefantrine Combination in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria in Elele, a Malaria Endemic Area in Rivers State nigeria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2019年第6期7卷 59-72页

作者： L. C. chukwu P. U. Agbasi P. C. Unekwe F. n. Oguwike Department of Pharmacology Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Igbariam Nigeria Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria Department of Pharmacology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Physiology Chukwuemeka Odimegwu Ojukwu University Igbariam Nigeria

Background: The World Health Organization adopted Artenisinin based combination therapy (ACT) for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in endemic regions. The efficacy of ACT in malaria treatment must have prompted this choice. There’s need to protect the ACT from plasmodial resistance. Hence, clinical scaling up of ACT program is needed. This entails continued assessment, monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of component drugs in endemic areas. Purpose: This study revisited the evaluation of the effectiveness of artemether-lumefantrine combination (ALC) in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Elele, nigeria. Method: The study was conducted in Elele, a malaria endemic area in Rivers State, nigeria. This was a facility based descriptive, cross sectional study at Madonna University Teaching Hospital (MUTH) Elele using simple sampling technique. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected. 100 patients who consented to the study were recruited in the outpatient clinic using semi structured questionnaires as part of study instrument. Inclusion criteria were having a body temperature of ≥37.5°C, symptoms of malaria, positive parasitemia, non ingestion of antimalarial in the past 2 weeks, etc. MUTH ethics committee gave ethical clearance. Patient recruitment following consent commenced with their symptoms and signs recorded at presentation while disappearance of the same was determined following drug ingestion on days 2/4/6/8/10 and 14. The data gotten was analyzed by tallying the responses to get the frequencies using SPSS 16.0 version and Microsoft excel tools. The student t-test was used to calculate the P-value, values nsidered statistically significant. Results: Most of the patients knew mosquitoes as the mode of malaria transmission (70%). The ACT is known and used by these patients: artesunate/amodiaquine: 41 (41%);artesunate/lumefantrine: 40 (40%);artesunate/sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine: 38(38%);artesunate/mefloquine: 20 (20%).

关键词： Uncomplicated Malaria Fever Effectiveness Artemisinin Based Combination Elele

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Validation of the clinical tuberculosis screening algorithm used in nigerian national tuberculosis control programme for screening people living with HIV

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Health 2013年第11期5卷 1737-1741页

作者： Emmanuel n. Aguwa Chika n. Onwasigwe joseph n. chukwu Daniel C. Oshi Charles C. nwafor Babatunde I. Omotowo Anne C. ndu Anthony O. Meka Osa-Eloka C. Ekwueme nwachukwu C. Ugwunna Moses C. Anyim Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria German Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association Enugu Nigeria

Background: In high HIV prevalence, tuberculosis diagnosis is challenging. Some countries hence use clinical algorithms to screen for tuberculosis in People Living with HIV (PLHIV). Objectives: The aim of the study was to validate the national algorithm for clinical tuberculosis screening of persons living with HIV who attend comprehensive HIV clinics. Methods: A cross-sectional study of PLHIV who presented with cough of at least 2 weeks duration between 2009 and 2011 at St Patrick’s Hospital, Ebonyi State, nigeria. Sputum smear microscopy for acid fast bacilli was obtained from the participants. Results: Three hundred and twelve PLHIV were studied: 146 (46.8%) males and 166 (53.2%) females. Only 55 (17.6%) of the participants had smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Weight loss (c2 = 2.33;P = 0.127), hemoptysis (c2 = 0.03;P = 0.864), night sweats (c2 = 1.52;P = 0.218), fever (c2 = 3.49;P = 0.06), anorexia (c2 = 0.49;P = 0.484), chest pain (c2 = 2.48;P = 0.115), breathlessness (c2 = 0.63;P = 0.426) were not significant in PLHWA with/without pulmonary tuberculosis. Cough, fever, night sweat and weight loss combined gave a sensitivity of 97.0%, specificity of 10.9%, negative predictive value (nPV) of 93.3% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 21.8%. Conclusion: Findings suggest that though national screening algorithm is a valid tool to screen for tuberculosis in PLHIV, it will lead to many false positive results.

关键词： HIV Tuberculosis PLHIV Screening Tool Validation

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Outcome of Symptom-Based RT-PCR Testing for SARS-CoV-2: Experience from a Large Public Testing Centre in nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第4期12卷 799-812页

作者： Aigbe Gregory Ohihoin Kazeem Adewale Osuolale Patrick Azuka Okwuraiwe Adesola Zaidat Musa Ayorinde Babatunde James Chika Kingsley Onwuamah Olufemi Samuel Amoo joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Fehintola Ige Esther ngozi Ohihoin Emelda chukwu ngozi Mirabel Otuonye Tajudeen Bamidele Adeola Olukosi Olusola Ajibaye Yekeen Raheem David Oladele Agatha nkiru David Babatunde Adewale Rosemary Audu Oliver Ezechi nkiruka nnonyelum Odunukwe Richard Adegbola Babatunde Lawal Salako Clinical Sciences Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Grants and M/E Unit (Biostatistics) Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Department of Biochemistry and nutrition Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Centre of Infectious Disease Research Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Central Research Laboratory Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Department of Public Health Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos

Background: Access to testing for SARS-CoV-2 in nigeria is still highly restricted. Only patients who are symptomatic for SARS-CoV-2 are selected for testing. This pattern of testing will miss a large proportion of individuals with the infection who are asymptomatic and presymptomatic. This study reports the experience of a symptom-based study from a large testing centre in nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study, reviewing data collected from respondents presenting at the nigerian Institute of Medical Research (nIMR) modified drive-through center for COVID-19 test between the period March 31st and August 31st, 2020 were included in the analysis. Results: A total of 9891 participants were recruited into the study and 2465 participants (24.9%) had a positive PCR result for SARS-CoV-2. The majority of the respondents were above 18 years old, n = 9163 (93.4%). The average age of the respondents was 36.7 years (sd 13.8 years). The age of the participants has a significant effect on SARS-CoV-2 status (AOR = 1.009, CI, 1.005 to 1.012, p = 0.0001). There was a male preponderance, n = 5652 (57.6%). The odds of having a positive status for SARS-CoV-2 were 0.9 times lower for female participants. The majority of the respondents had a history of travel, n = 6788 (68.6%). Cough was the commonest symptom, n = 1062 (10.7%) followed by fever, n = 979 (9.9%). The mortality rate was 0.1%. Among the participants with comorbidity, 31 (51.7%) had positive results for SARS-CoV-2 while 29 (48.3%) had negative results. Conclusion: Symptom-based approach to testing for SARS-CoV-2 in nigeria revealed a high positivity rate, while mortality from those tested in the study is low. Age and gender appear to play a significant role in the dynamics of the disease.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Symptoms RT-PCR nigeria

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