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Comparative mitogenome phylogeography of two anteater genera (Tamandua and Myrmecophaga;Myrmecophagidae, Xenarthra): Evidence of discrepant evolutionary traits

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Zoological Research 2021年第5期42卷 525-547页

作者： Manuel Ruiz-García Daniel Pinilla-Beltrán Oscar E.Murillo-García Christian Miguel Pinto Jorge Brito joseph mark shostell Laboratorio de Genética de Poblaciones Molecular-Biología Evolutiva Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotáDC 110231Colombia Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Animal Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y ExactasUniversidad del ValleApartado AéreoCali 25360Colombia Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Escuela Politécnica NacionalQuito 17012759Ecuador Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad(INABIO) Quito 170135Ecuador Math Science and Technology DepartmentUniversity of Minnesota CrookstonCrookstonMN 56716USA

The species within Xenarthra(sloths,anteaters,and armadillos)are quintessential South American *** the three groups,Vermilingua(anteaters)contains the fewest extant and paleontological ***,we sampled and sequenced the entire mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)of two Tamandua species(Tamandua tetradactyla and ***)(n=74)from Central and South America,as well as Myrmecophaga tridactyla(n=41)from South *** Tamandua,we detected three different *** oldest(THI)contained many specimens with the *** morphotype(but also several with the *** morphotype)and originated in southeastern South America(currently Uruguay)before moving towards northern South America,where the THII haplogroup *** primarily contained specimens with the *** morphotype(but also several with the *** morphotype)and was distributed in Central America,Colombia,and *** and THII yielded a genetic distance of 4%.THII originated in either northern South America or“in situ”in Central America with haplogroup THIII,which consisted of~50%*** and 50%*** *** was mostly located in the same areas as THII,i.e.,Central America,Ecuador,and Colombia,though mainly in the *** three haplogroups overlapped in Colombia and ***,*** and *** were not reciprocally *** this reason,we considered that a unique species of Tamandua likely exists,i.e.,*** contrast to Tamandua,*** did not show different morphotypes throughout its geographical range in the ***,two very divergent genetic haplogroups(MHI and MHII),with a genetic distance of~10%,were *** basal haplogroup,MHI,originated in northwestern South America,whereas the more geographically derived haplogroup,MHII,overlapped with MHI,but also expanded into central and southern South ***,Tamandua migrated from south to north whereas Myrmecophaga migrated from

关键词： Anteaters Genetic diversity Mitogenomes Myrmecophaga Neotropics Phylogeography Spatial structure Tamandua

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Genomic insights into hybridization in a localized region of sympatry between pewee sister species(Contopus sordidulus × C. virens) and their chromosomal patterns of differentiation

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Chinese Birds 2016年第1期7卷 48-55页

作者： joseph D.Manthey mark B.Robbins Biodiversity Institute University of Kansas Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas

Background: The Great Plains of the United States includes a large number of hybrid and contact zones between bird species. The amount of gene flow between sister species in these zones ranges from very rare hybridization events to widespread and prevalent introgression. Some of these avian systems have been studied extensively, while others have been indeterminate of whether hybridization exists in areas of sympatry. Using genomic-level approaches allows investigation of genomic patterns of hybridization and gene flow between species—or lack ***: We investigated a narrow zone of sympatry in Nebraska, USA between pewee species(Contopus sordidulus and C. virens), for which no hybridization has been confirmed. We used thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms to identify potential hybridization and investigate genomic patterns of differentiation between these two ***: We found evidence of multiple hybrid individuals in the contact zone. Little genomic variation was fixed between species, but a large proportion had differentiated allele frequencies between species. There was a positive relationship between genetic differentiation and chromosome ***: We provided the first conclusive evidence of hybridization between C. sordidulus and C. virens, in a region where secondary contact likely occurred due to human disturbance and habitat modification. The genomic patterns of differentiation affirm that these species split in the relatively recent past. Finally, the relationship of chromosome size and genetic differentiation may have resulted from differential rates of chromosomal recombination in songbirds and genetic differentiation between species largely due to genetic drift(possibly in concert with selection).

关键词： Contact zone Hybrid zone Hybridization Chromosomal patterns Next-generation sequencing Contopus North America

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TAKING CONSTRUCTION SITE WASTE MANAGEMENT TO THE NEXT LEVEL

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Journal of Green Building 2009年第4期4卷 29-32页

作者： joseph Laquatra mark Pierce Department of Design and Environmental Analysis Cornell University

Building a single family home in the United States typically produces between three to fi ve pounds of waste per square foot(SIH).Costs of disposing this waste are mounting throughout the country,and environmental aspects of this issue are receiving heightened *** research on this topic has shown that 80 percent of waste generated during the construction of a home can be recycled(Laquatra and Pierce 2004;SBIC 2007),less than 30 percent actually is(Martin 2007).This is likely to change as state and local government regulations of construction waste increase,with some mandating waste *** addition,builders who participate in green building programs are learning that reducing the amount of waste generated during construction,and recycling waste that is produced,earns points toward certifi cation.

关键词： NEXT likely waste

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The effect of temperature on the wear behaviour of dental composites

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Biosurface and Biotribology 2022年第4期8卷 329-336页

作者： joseph A.Arsecularatne Serena Tran mark J.Hoffman School of Materials Science and Engineering UNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering UNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia School of Engineering University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia

Despite numerous published studies on the wear of dental composites,few have considered the influence of temperature on the two-body wear ***,no previous work has considered the influence of temperature on dominant wear mecha-nisms during the consumption of hot substances,hence the focus of this ***-rocating wear tests were carried out at varying artificial saliva lubricant temperatures(37 and 57℃)and material loss was quantified using *** wear tracks were analysed using FIB/SEM/*** reveal that the wear rate of a dental composite can significantly increase with temperature,with fatigue/delamination and ploughing acting as dominant mechanisms.

关键词： dental composite temperature tribological performance wear mechanism

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Sand dunes as potential sources of dust in northern China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第4期59卷 760-769页

作者： mark R SWEENEY LU HuaYu CUI MengChun joseph A MASON FENG Han XU ZhiWei Department of Earth Sciences University of South Dakota Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Environment School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Department of Geography University of Wisconsin-Madison

While saltation bombardment of sand grains on a fine substrate can produce considerable dust, the well-sorted nature of sand dunes tends to preclude them from consideration as major dust sources. Recent research, however, has revealed that sand dunes can, in some cases, be large sources of dust. We used the PI-SWERL(Portable In-Situ Wind Erosion Laboratory) to measure in the field the potential of sand dunes and other desert landforms to emit particulate matter <10 μm(PM-10) dust in the Tengger, Ulan Buh, and Mu Us deserts of northern China. Combined with high resolution particle size measurements of the dune sand, an assessment of sand dunes as a dust source can be made. Large active transverse dunes tend to contain little to no stored PM-10, yet they produce a low dust flux. Coppice dunes stabilized by vegetation contain appreciable PM-10 and have very high dust emission potential. There is a positive correlation between the amount of PM-10 stored in a dune and its potential dust flux. Saltation liberates loose fines stored in dunes, making them very efficient dust emitters compared to landforms such as dry lake beds and washes where dust particles are unavailable for aeolian transport due to protective crusts or sediment cohesion. In cases where large dunes do not store PM-10 yet emit dust when active, two hypotheses can be considered:(1) iron-oxide grain coatings are removed during saltation, creating dust, and(2) sand grains collide during saltation, abrading grains to create dust. Observations reveal that iron oxide coatings are present on some dune sands. PI-SWERL data suggests that low dust fluxes from dunes containing no stored dust may represent an estimate for the amount of PM-10 dust produced by removal of iron oxide coatings. These results are similar to results from dunes in the United States. In addition, PI-SWERL results suggest that dust-bearing coppice dunes, which cover vast areas of China's sandy deserts, may become major sources of dust in the f

关键词： Coppice dunes Transverse dunes Dust PI-SWERL Desert

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A cost-effective method to enhance adenoviral transduction of primary murine osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells

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Bone Research 2016年第2期4卷 91-100页

作者： Atum M Buo mark S Williams Jaclyn P Kerr joseph P Stains Department of Orthopaedics University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Maryland School of Medicine

We report here a method for the use of poly-L-lysine （PLL） to markedly improve the adenoviral transduction efficiency of primary murine osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） in culture and in situ, which are typically difficult to transduce. We show by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry that the addition of PLL to the viral-containing medium significantly increases the number of green fluorescence protein （GFP）-positive osteoblasts and BMSCs transduced with an enhanced GFP-expressing adenovirus. We also demonstrate that PLL can greatly enhance the adenoviral transduction of osteoblasts and osteocytes in situ in ex vivo tibia and calvaria, as well as in long bone fragments. In addition, we validate that PLL can improve routine adenoviral transduction studies by permitting the use of low multiplicities of infection to obtain the desired biologic effect. Ultimately, the use of PLL to facilitate adenoviral gene transfer in osteogenic cells can provide a cost-effective means of performing efficient gene transfer studies in the context of bone research.

关键词： A cost-effective method to enhance adenoviral transduction of primary murine osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells PLL bone

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EtherClue:Digital investigation of attacks on Ethereum smart contracts

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2021年第4期2卷 12-29页

作者： Simon joseph Aquilina Fran Casino mark Vella Joshua Ellul Constantinos Patsakis Department of Computer Science University of MaltaMsidaMSD 2080Malta Department of Informatics University of PiraeusPiraeus18534Greece Information Management Systems Institute Athena Research CenterMarousi15125Greece Centre for Distributed Ledger Technologies University of MaltaMsidaMSD 2080Malta

Programming errors in Ethereum smart contracts can result in catastrophic financial losses from stolen *** vulnerability detectors can prevent vulnerable contracts from being deployed,this does not mean that such contracts will not be *** a vulnerable contract is instantiated on the blockchain and becomes the target of attacks,the identification of exploit transactions becomes indispensable in assessing whether it has been actually exploited and identifying which malicious or subverted accounts were *** this work,we study the problem of post-factum investigation of Ethereum attacks using Indicators of Compromise(IoC)specially crafted for use in the *** definitions need to capture the side-effects of successful exploitation in the context of the Ethereum ***,we define a model for smart contract execution,comprising multiple abstraction levels that mirror the multiple views of code execution on a ***,we compare IoCs defined across the different levels in terms of their effectiveness and practicality through EtherClue,a prototype tool for investigating Ethereum security *** results illustrate that coarse-grained IoCs defined over blocks of transactions can detect exploit transactions with less ***,they are contract-specific and suffer from false *** the other hand,fine-grained IoCs defined over virtual machine instructions can avoid these pitfalls at the expense of increased computation,which is nevertheless applicable for practical use.

关键词： Blockchain forensics Ethereum attacks Indicators of compromise Ethereum operational semantics

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Hepatic artery stenosis angioplasty and implantation of Wingspan neurovascular stent: A case report and discussion of stenting in tortuous vessels

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第4期26卷 448-455页

作者： mark Barahman Lourdes Alanis joseph DiNorcia John M Moriarty Justin P McWilliams Department of Pathology Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical CenterBronxNY 10461United States Department of Radiology Division of Interventional RadiologyRonald Reagan Medical Center at UCLADavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095United States Division of Interventional Radiology Ronald Reagan Medical Center at UCLADavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095United States Department of Surgery Ronald Reagan Medical Center at UCLADavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095United States

BACKGROUND Hepatic artery stenosis is a complication of orthotopic liver transplant occurring in 3.1%-7.4%of patients that can result in graft failure and need for *** therapy with angioplasty and stenting has been used with a high degree of technical success and good clinical outcomes,but tortuous hepatic arteries present a unique challenge for *** stents for this application should be maneuverable and conformable while also exerting adequate radial force to maintain a patent *** SUMMARY Herein we report our experience with a neurovascular Wingspan stent system in a challenging case of recurrent hepatic artery stenosis and discuss the literature of stenting in tortuous transplant hepatic *** Wingspan neurovascular stent is self-expanding,has good conformability,and adequate radial resistance and as such it could be added to the armamentarium of interventionalists in the setting of a tortuous and stenotic transplant hepatic artery.

关键词： Hepatic artery stenosis Case report Endovascular Angioplasty Stent Wingspan neurointerventional stent

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Association of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels with semen and hormonal parameters

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第6期14卷 855-859页

作者： Ahmad O Hammoud A Wayne Meikle C Matthew Peterson joseph Stanford mark Gibson Douglas T Carrell Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes Department of Internal Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA Department of Preventive and Family Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA Department of Surgery (Urology) and Physiology Andrology and IVF Laboratories University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA

Vitamin D levels have been linked to various health outcomes including reproductive disorders. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between serum vitamin D level （25-hydroxy-vitamin D, or 250HD） and semen and hormonal parameters. This is a cross-sectional study that included 170 healthy men recruited for the study of spermatogenesis from the general population. Men completed general and reproductive health questionnaires, and donated blood and semen samples. The main measures were hormonal （total and free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone） and semen parameters, adjusted （n= 147） for age, body mass index （BMI）, season, alcohol intake and smoking, in relation to categories of vitamin D levels, determined apriori. The mean age of the study population was 29.0±8.5 years and mean BMI was 24.3±3.2 kg m-2. The mean 250HD was 34.1± 15.06 ng m1-1. BMI showed a negative association with 250HD. Sperm concentration, sperm progressive motility, sperm morphology, and total progressively motile sperm count were lower in men with ‘250HD ≥ 50 ng ml-1＇ when compared to men with‘20 ng ml-1 ≤ 250H D〈 50 ng ml-1,. Total sperm count and total progressive motile sperm count were lower in men with ‘250HD〈20 ng ml-1＇ when compared to men with‘20 ng ml-1≤250HD〈50 ng ml-1＇. The adjusted means of various hormonal parameters did not show statistical difference in the different categories of 250HD. In conclusion, serum vitamin D levels at high and low levels can be negatively associated with semen parameters.

关键词： low semen count obesity semen parameters vitamin D

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Validity of a noninvasive estimation of deep body temperature when wearing personal protective equipment during exercise and recovery

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Military Medical Research 2019年第4期6卷 328-339页

作者： Andrew P.Hunt mark J.Buller Matthew J.Maley joseph T.Costello Ian B.Stewart School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences&Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine NatickMAUSA Extreme Environments Laboratory Department of Sport and Exercise ScienceUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK

Background:Deep body temperature is a critical indicator of heat ***,direct measures are often invasive,costly,and difficult to implement in the *** study assessed the agreement between deep body temperature estimated from heart rate and that measured directly during repeated work bouts while wearing explosive ordnance disposal(EOD)protective clothing and during ***:Eight males completed three work and recovery periods across two separate *** consisted of treadmill walking on a 1%incline at 2.5,4.0,or 5.5 km/h,in a random order,wearing EOD protective *** temperature and relative humidity were maintained at 24℃and 50%[Wet bulb globe temperature(WBGT)(20.9±1.2)℃]or 32℃and 60%[WBGT(29.0±0.2)℃]on the separate days,*** rate and gastrointestinal temperature(TGI)were monitored continuously,and deep body temperature was also estimated from heart rate(ECTemp).Results:The overall systematic bias between TGI and ECTemp was 0.01℃with 95%limits of agreement(Lo A)of±0.64℃and a root mean square error of 0.32℃.The average error statistics among participants showed no significant differences in error between the exercise and recovery periods or the environmental *** TGI levels of(37.0–37.5)℃,(37.5–38.0)℃,(38.0–38.5)℃,and>38.5℃,the systematic bias and±95%Lo A were(0.08±0.58)℃,(–0.02±0.69)℃,(–0.07±0.63)℃,and(–0.32±0.56)℃,***:The findings demonstrate acceptable validity of the ECTemp up to 38.5℃.Conducting work within an ECTemp limit of 38.4℃,in conditions similar to the present study,would protect the majority of personnel from an excessive elevation in deep body temperature(>39.0℃).

关键词： Protective clothing Body core temperature Heat strain Heat stress Kalman filter Explosive ordnance disposal

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