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Current perspectives and the future of disease-modifying therapies in type 1 diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2025年第1期16卷 12-21页

作者： Sunetra mondal joseph m Pappachan Department of Endocrinology NRS Medical College and HospitalKolkata 700014West BengalIndia Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal 576104India

Use of immunomodulating agents to prevent the progression of autoimmuneβ-cell damage leading to type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1Dm)is an interesting area for *** include non-specific anti-inflammatory agents,immunologic vaccination and anti-inflammatory agents targeting specific immune cells or *** is an anti-CD3-molecule that binds to and leads to the disappearance of the CD3/TCR complex and rendering the T cell anergic to its target *** and clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in reducing the decline in serum C-peptide levels and the need for insulin therapy if used early in the disease process of *** benefits have been apparent as early as six months to as long as seven years after *** has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to delay the onset of clinical(stage 3)type 1 diabetes in children above 8 years of *** their recent metaanalysis published in the World Journal of Diabetes,ma et al found that those in the teplizumab treatment group have a greater likelihood of reduction in insulin use,change in C-peptide response,and better glycemic control compared to the control group with a good safety ***,all the included randomized control trials have been conducted in high-income *** cost of therapy and unknown utility of the molecule in stage 3 disease limit its widespread use.

关键词： Teplizumab Type 1 diabetes mellitus Disease modifying therapy β-cell function C-peptide Immunotherapy

Combining slow-release fertilizer and plastic film mulching reduced the carbon footprint and enhanced maize yield on the Loess Plateau

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 359-369页

作者： Xiaoqing Han Pengfei Dang Lechen Liao Fangqi Song miaomiao Zhang maoxue Zhang Guoqing Li Shuyue Wen Ning Yang Xiping Pan Xiaofan Wang WenWang Xiaoliang Qin Charles O.joseph Kadambot H.m.Siddique College of Agronomy Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess PlateauNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China Department of Crop Sciences and Beekeeping Technology College of Agricultural Sciences and Food Technology University of Dar es SalaamMwalimu Julius Nyerere Mlimani CampusP.O.Box 35091Dar es SalaamTanzania College of Life Science Yulin UniversityChongwen Road No.4YulinShaanxi719000China The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture&Environment The University of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6001Australia

Agricultural practices significantly contribute to greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,necessitating cleaner production technologies to reduce environmental pressure and achieve sustainable maize *** film mulching is commonly used in the Loess Plateau *** slow-release fertilizers as a replacement for urea within this practice can reduce nitrogen losses and enhance crop *** these techniques represents a novel agricultural approach in semi-arid ***,the impact of this integration on soil carbon storage(SOCS),carbon footprint(CF),and economic benefits has received limited research ***,we conducted an eight-year study(2015-2022)in the semi-arid northwestern region to quantify the effects of four treatments[urea supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-U),slow-release fertilizer supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-S),urea supplied with plastic film mulching(Pm-U),and slow-release fertilizer supplied with plastic film mulching(Pm-S)]on soil fertility,economic and environmental *** results revealed that nitrogen fertilizer was the primary contributor to total GHG emissions(≥71.97%).Compared to other treatments,Pm-S increased average grain yield by 12.01%-37.89%,water use efficiency by 9.19%-23.33%,nitrogen accumulation by 27.07%-66.19%,and net return by 6.21%-29.57%.Furthermore,Pm-S decreased CF by 12.87%-44.31%and CF per net return by 14.25%-41.16%.After eight years,Pm-S increased SOCS(0-40 cm)by 2.46%,while Pm-U decreased it by 7.09%.These findings highlight the positive effects of Pm-S on surface soil fertility,economic gains,and environmental benefits in spring maize production on the Loess Plateau,underscoring its potential for widespread adoption and application.

关键词： Plastic film mulching Slow-release fertilizer maize grain yield Carbon footprint Economic benefits

Renal effects and safety of tirzepatide in subjects with and without diabetes:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Diabetes 2025年第2期16卷 270-283页

作者： ABm Kamrul-Hasan Shinjan Patra Deep Dutta Lakshmi Nagendra AFm muntahi-Reza Sanja Borozan joseph m Pappachan Department of Endocrinology Mymensingh Medical CollegeMymensingh 2200DhakaBangladesh Department of Endocrinology and metabolism All India Institute of Medical Sciences NagpurNagpur 441108MaharashtraIndia Department of Endocrinology CEDAR Superspeciality ClinicsDwarkaNew Delhi 110075India Department of Endocrinology JSS Medical CollegeJSS Academy of Higher Education&ResearchMysore 570015India Department of Urology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityDhaka 1000Bangladesh Department of Endocrinology Clinical Centre of MontenegroPodgorica 81000Montenegro Faculty of medicine University of MontenegroPodgorica 81000Montenegro Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust&Manchester Metropolitan UniversityPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal UniversityManipal 576104India

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes(T2D),as well as obesity,are risk factors for chronic kidney disease(CKD)and end-stage renal *** renal impacts of glucose-lowering and weight-lowering drugs and their potential benefits in preventing CKD often guide clinicians in choosing them *** limited data based on randomized controlled trials(RCTs)is currently available on the renal effects and safety profile of *** To explore the renal benefits and safety of tirzepatide vs *** RCTs involving patients receiving tirzepatide for any indication in the intervention arm and placebo or active comparator in the control arm were searched through multiple electronic *** co-primary outcomes were percent change from baseline(CFB)in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR)and absolute CFB in estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR;in mL/min/1.73 m^(2));the secondary outcome was tirzepatide’s renal safety *** web was used to conduct meta-analysis using random-effects *** were presented as mean differences(mD)or risk ratios with 95%confidence *** Fifteen RCTs(n=14471)with mostly low risk of bias(RoB)were *** 26-72 weeks,tirzepatide 10 mg[mD-26.95%(-40.13,-13.76),Pmg[mD-18.03%(-28.58,-7.47),P=0.0008]were superior to placebo in percent reductions of ***,at all doses,outperformed insulin in percent reductions of *** to the placebo,the percent UACR reduction was greater in subjects with T2D than those with obesity but without T2D(mD-33.25%vs-7.93%;P=0.001).The CFB in eGFR with all doses of tirzepatide was comparable[5 mg:mD 0.36(-1.41,2.14);10 mg:mD 1.17(-0.22,2.56);15 mg:mD 1.42(-0.04,2.88)];P>0.05 for all vs ***(pooled and separate doses)did not increase the risks of adverse renal events,urinary tract infection,nephrolithiasis,acute kidney injury,and renal cancer compared to the placebo,insulin,and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor ***

关键词： Tirzepatide Type 2 diabetes Obesity Urine albumin creatinine ratio Estimated glomerular filtration rate Renal safety Acute kidney injury Chronic kidney disease

Effects of probiotic treatment on the prognosis of patients with sepsis: a systematic review

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World Journal of Emergency medicine 2025年第1期16卷 18-27页

作者： Chao Gong Shengyong Xu Youlong Pan Shigong Guo joseph Harold Walline Xue Wang Xin Lu Shiyuan Yu mubing Qin Huadong Zhu Yanxia Gao Yi Li Emergency Department the State Key Laboratory for ComplexSevere and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Emergency Department Qinghai Cardio-cerebrovascular Specialty HospitalXining 810012China Department of Rehabilitation medicine Southmead HospitalBristol BS105NBUK Department of Emergency medicine Milton S.Hershey Medical Centerthe Pennsylvania State UniversityHershey 17033USA Department of Allergy&Clinical Immunology Peking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical College&Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesNational Clinical Research Center for Immunologic DiseasesBeijing 100730China Emergency Department the First Affi liated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China

BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a common acute and critical disease, leads to 11 million deaths annually worldwide. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the host and may benefit sepsis outcomes, but their effects are stil inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the overal eff ect of probiotics on the prognosis of patients with *** RESOURCES: We searched several sources for published/presented studies, including Pub med, EmBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and the US National Library of medicine Clinical Trials Register(***) updated through July 30, 2023, to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs) or observational studies that assessed the effectiveness of probiotics or synbiotics in patients with sepsis and reported mortality. We focused primarily on mortality during the study period and analyzed secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, in-intensive care unit(ICU) mortality and other ***: Data from 405 patients in five RCTs and 108 patients in one cohort study were included in the analysis. The overall quality of the studies was satisfactory, but clinical heterogeneity existed. All adult studies reported a tendency for probiotics to reduce the mortality of patients with sepsis, and most studies reported a decreasing trend in the incidence of infectious complications, length of ICU stay and duration of antibiotic use. There was only one RCT involving ***: Probiotics show promise for improving the prognosis of patients with sepsis, including reducing mortality and the incidence of infectious complications, particularly in adult patients. Despite the limited number of studies, especially in children, these findings will be encouraging for clinical practice in the treatment of sepsis and suggest that gut microbiota-targeted therapy may improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.

关键词： Sepsis Probiotics Synbiotics mortality Gut microbiota

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SHOULD mORE ATTENTION BE PAID TO LACTOSE INTOLERANCE IN PATIENTS WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROmE IN CHINA?

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SHOULD MORE ATTENTION BE PAID TO LACTOSE INTOLERANCE IN PATI...

Small dissymmetry, yet large effects on the transport propertiesof electrolytes based on imide salts: Consequences on performancein Li-ion batteries

第二届浙江省消化病学术大会

作者： N.Dail m.fox D.Pohl m.Fried Gastroenterology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital of Zürich

INTRODUCTION many patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)report a link between the intake of certain foods and symptoms such as abdominal pain,bloating and *** intolerance may be of particular relevance in modem China because the majority of Chinese adults are lactase deficient and the intake of milk and lactose powder in commercially prepared foods is increasing in this population.

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第2期31卷 352-366页

作者： joseph Chidiac Laure Timperman mérièm Anouti Laboratoire PCm2E Universitéde ToursParc de Grandmont37200 ToursFrance

To gain better insight into the influence of the anion size and symmetry on the transport properties and thermal stability of an electrolyte based on lithium(fluorosulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide(FTFSI)salt,we performed the physical and electrochemical characterization of an electrolyte based on FTFSI incorporated in standard binary(3 EC/7 EmC)and ternary(EC/PC/3 DmC)alkylcarbonate *** applying the Jones-Dole-Kaminsky(JDK),Eyring and Arrhenius empirical models to the electrolyte viscosity we show that the activation enthalpy and entropy energy barriers(ΔH≠,ΔS≠)for viscous flow are between 12 and 15 kJ·mol^(-1).They are strongly dependent on the solvent nature and are significantly lower than their symmetric anions LiFSI and LiTFSI(19-20 kJ·mol^(-1))in the binary ***,the hydrodynamic radius,rs,calculated by JDK,and the ionicity behavior illustrated by the Walden role,showed that the FTFSI anion is outside the solvation sphere(rs>0.6 nm)which is smaller in the case of an EC/EmC solvent *** the 3 EC/7 EmC solvent mixture,LiFTFSI is less conductive than in the ternary mixture i.e.,σ_(max)=8.9 mS cm^(-1) at C_(max)=1.1 mol L^(-1) for 3 EC/7 EmC and,σ_(max)=10.5 mS cm^(-1) at max=0.7 mol L^(-1) for EC/PC/3 DmC,due to a strong solvation and a greater association of FTFSI ions in the binary solvent *** thermal stability of FTFSI based electrolytes was determined by the shift of the evaporation temperature of the volatile solvents(DmC,EmC)in the presence of salt,towards the higher *** feature is visible on the thermograms obtained by DSC both with the liquid electrolyte and with charged LmO cathodes in presence of *** consequences of these properties on the electrochemical behavior of a graphite(Gr)half-cell,a lithium metal(Li)anode and a manganese lithium oxide(LmO)cathode demonstrated on the one hand the formation of a thick solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on graphite that consumed a significant amou

关键词： LiFTFSI Electrolyte Viscosity Interface Li-ion battery

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西藏羌塘自然保护区藏羚和藏原羚的生境选择(英文)

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兽类学报 2008年第3期28卷 225-231页

作者： migmar Wangdwei joseph L fox 西藏大学生命科学系高山生态研究所 Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Tromsφ

2000年和2001年初夏,在高海拔、低人口密度的阿鲁盆地内对同域分布的藏羚与藏原羚的生境选择进行了研究。以海拔高度、坡度、离山岗距离、坡向以及植被类型作为资源参数,利用Resource Selection Function对藏羚与藏原羚的潜在生态位分... 详细信息

2000年和2001年初夏,在高海拔、低人口密度的阿鲁盆地内对同域分布的藏羚与藏原羚的生境选择进行了研究。以海拔高度、坡度、离山岗距离、坡向以及植被类型作为资源参数,利用Resource Selection Function对藏羚与藏原羚的潜在生态位分化进行检验。研究表明:藏羚和藏原羚对低海拔、相对平地、针茅-非禾本科群落以及北坡的资源选择具有相似性,但对低海拔苔草平地具有强烈的避开;藏原羚对山岗或斜坡生境的利用比藏羚大。以针茅-非禾本科群落为例研究,结果显示斑块植物群落可能是决定生境选择的主要原因。

关键词：藏羚藏原羚栖息地选择微生境身体大小

Chemical exposures and suspected impacton Gulf War Veterans

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military medical Research 2023年第5期10卷 577-586页

作者： Rami Elhaj joseph m.Reynolds Center for Cancer Biology Immunology and InfectionChicago Medical SchoolRosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth ChicagoIL 60064USA

Gulf War Illness(GWI) encompass a spectrum of maladies specific to troops deployed during the Persian Gulf War(1990–1991). There are several hypothesized factors believed to contribute to GWI, including(but not limited to)exposures to chemical agents and a foreign environment(e.g., dust, pollens, insects, and microbes). moreover, the inherent stress associated with deployment and combat has been associated with GWI. While the etiology of GWI remains uncertain, several studies have provided strong evidence that chemical exposures, especially neurotoxicants,may be underlying factors for the development of GWI. This mini style perspective article will focus on some of the major evidence linking chemical exposures to GWI development and persistence decades after exposure.

关键词： Gulf War Illness(GWI) Sarin Neuroinfammation Organophosphate(OP)

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Antidiabetic combination therapy and cardiovascular outcomes:An evidence-based approach

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World Journal of Diabetes 2025年第4期16卷 8-18页

作者： Vanishri Ganakumar Cornelius J Fernandez joseph m Pappachan Department of Endocrinology Jawaharlal Nehru Medical CollegeBelagavi 590010India Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSLincolnshireUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology KMC Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104India

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a 2-4 times increased risk of cardiovascular(CV)***-like polypeptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP1RA)and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT2i)are two important classes of drugs with CV benefits independent of their antihyperglycemic *** CV outcome trials of both GLP1RA and SGLT2i have demonstrated CV superiority/neutrality concerning major adverse CV events(mACE).While GLP1RAs have exhibited a significant reduction in ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction(mI),SGLT2i have demonstrated a uniformly significant reduction in hospitalization for heart failure(HF)as a class *** unique clinical benefits and the distinct but complementary mechanisms of action make the combination of these drugs a mechanistically sound *** meta-analyses suggest an independent and additive benefit of combination therapy of GLP1RA/SGLT2i vs *** et al,in a recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes,demonstrates a numerically lower hazard ratio(HR)for CV outcomes with combination therapy vs monotherapy with either agent,with a reduction in mACE compared to GLP1RA alone[HR=0.51,95%confidence interval(CI):0.16-1.65],or SGLT2i alone(HR=0.48,95%CI:0.15-1.54).The CV death rate was also lower with combination therapy compared to GLP1RA alone(HR=0.58,95%CI:0.08-3.39),or SGLT2i alone(HR=0.55,95%CI:0.07-3.25).Fatal and non-fatal mI and fatal and non-fatal stroke were reduced with combination therapy compared to GLP1RA alone(HR=0.45,95%CI:0.10-2.18 and HR=0.86,95%CI:0.12-6.23,respectively),or SGLT2i alone(HR=0.44,95%CI:0.09-2.10 and HR=0.74,95%CI:0.10-5.47,respectively).Hospitalization for HF was prevented with combination therapy compared to GLP1RA alone(HR=0.26,95%CI:0.03-1.88),or SGLT2i alone(HR=0.33,95%CI:0.04-2.53).They also demonstrated that GLP1RA or SGLT2i monotherapy may not provide significant improvement in CV death and recurrent mI in patients with prior mI or HF,proposing a role for combin

关键词： Glucagon-like polypeptide-1 receptor agonists Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors Cardiovascular disease Type 2 diabetes mellitus Cardiovascular outcome trials