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npj Computational materials 2020年第1期6卷 743-753页

作者： Steven B.Torrisi matthew R.Carbone Brian A.Rohr joseph H.montoya Yang ha Junko Yano Santosh K.Suram Linda Hung Accelerated materials Design and Discovery Toyota Research InstituteLos AltosCA 94022USA Department of Physics Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA Department of Chemistry Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS)produces a wealth of information about the local structure of materials,but interpretation of spectra often relies on easily accessible trends and prior assumptions about the ***,researchers have demonstrated that machine learning models can automate this process to predict the coordinating environments of absorbing atoms from their XAS ***,machine learning models are often difficult to interpret,making it challenging to determine when they are valid and whether they are consistent with physical *** this work,we present three main advances to the data-driven analysis of XAS spectra:we demonstrate the efficacy of random forests in solving two new property determination tasks(predicting Bader charge and mean nearest neighbor distance),we address how choices in data representation affect model interpretability and accuracy,and we show that multiscale featurization can elucidate the regions and trends in spectra that encode various local properties.

关键词： property structure spectrum

metabolic complications of hepatitis C virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第13期27卷 1267-1282页

作者： Rahul Chaudhari Sherouk Fouda Ashik Sainu joseph m.pa.pa.ha. Department of medicine Pennsylvania Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniaPA 19104United States School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT UniversityMelbourne VIC 3000Australia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Aster Oman HospitalAl GhubraMuscat OM 133Oman Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is a systemic disease that is implicated in multiple extrahepatic organ dysfunction contributing to its protean manifestations. HCV is associated with diverse extrahepatic disorders including atherosclerosis, glucose and lipid metabolic disturbances, alterations in the iron metabolic pathways, and lymphoproliferative diseases over and above the traditional liver manifestations of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The orchestration between HCV major proteins and the liver-muscle-adipose axis, poses a major burden on the global health of human body organs, if not adequately addressed. The close and inseparable associations between chronic HCV infection, metabolic disease, and cardiovascular disorders are specifically important considering the increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome, and their economic burden to patients, the healthcare systems, and society. Cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the interplay of these organs and tissues in health and disease are therefore of significant interest. The coexistence of metabolic disorders and chronic hepatitis C infection also enhances the progression to liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The presence of metabolic disorders is believed to influence the chronicity and virulence of HCV leading to liver disease progression. This comprehensive review highlights current knowledge on the metabolic manifestations of hepatitis C and the potential pathways in which these metabolic changes can influence the natural history of the disease.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis C infection Insulin resistance metabolic syndrome Cardiovascular diseases Fatty liver Diabetes mellitus

Biomechanics associated with tibial stress fracture in runners:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第3期12卷 333-342页

作者： Clare E.milner Eric Foch joseph m.Gonzales Drew Petersen Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19102USA Department of Health Sciences Central Washington UniversityEllensburgWA 98926USA

Background:Tibial stress fracture(TSF)is an overuse running injury with a long recovery *** many running studies refer to biomechanical risk factors for TSF,only a few have compared biomechanics in runners with TSF to *** aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate biomechanics in runners with TSF compared to ***:Electronic databases Pubmed,Web of Science,SPORTDiscus,Scopus,Cochrane,and CINAHL were *** of bias was assessed and meta-analysis conducted for variables reported in 3 or more ***:The search retrieved 359 unique records,but only the 14 that compared runners with TSF to controls were included in the *** studies were retrospective,2 were prospective,and most had a small sample size(5-30 per group).many variables were not significantly different between ***-analysis of peak impact,active,and braking ground reaction forces found no significant differences between *** studies found larger tibial peak anterior tensile stress,peak posterior compressive stress,peak axial acceleration,peak rearfoot eversion,and hip adduction in the TSF ***:meta-analysis indicated that discrete ground reaction force variables were not statistically significantly different in runners with TSF compared to *** individual included studies,many biomechanical variables were not statistically significantly different between ***,many were reported by only a single study,and sample sizes were *** encourage additional studies with larger sample sizes of runners with TSF and controls and adequate statistical power to confirm or refute these findings.

关键词： Bone stress injury Gait Kinematics Kinetics Tibial acceleration

The emerging role and targetability of the TCA cycle in cancer metabolism

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Protein & Cell 2018年第2期9卷 216-237页

作者： Nicole m. Anderson patrick mucka joseph G. Kern Hui Feng Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104-6160 USA Perelman School of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Departments of Pharmacology and medicine The Center for Cancer Research Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA 02118 USA Program in Biomedical Sciences Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA 02118 USA

The tricarboxylic acid （TCA） cycle is a central route for oxidative phosphorylation in cells, and fulfills their bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and redox balance require- ments. Despite early dogma that cancer cells bypass the TCA cycle and primarily utilize aerobic glycolysis, emerging evidence demonstrates that certain cancer cells, especially those with deregulated oncogene and tumor suppressor expression, rely heavily on the TCA cycle for energy production and macromolecule synthesis. As the field progresses, the importance of aberrant TCA cycle function in tumorigenesis and the potentials of applying small molecule inhibitors to perturb the enhanced cycle function for cancer treatment start to evolve. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the fuels feeding the cycle, effects of oncogenes and tumor suppressors on fuel and cycle usage, common genetic alterations and deregulation of cycle enzymes, and potential therapeutic opportunities for targeting the TCA cycle in cancer cells. With the application of advanced technology and in vivo model organism studies, it is our hope that studies of this previously overlooked biochemical hub will provide fresh insights into cancer metabolism and tumorigenesis, subsequently revealing vulnerabilities for thera- peutic interventions in various cancer types.

关键词： glutaminolysis the TCA cycle cancer metabolism glycolysis

异常窦性心动过速可能与心脏β肾上腺素能受体性免疫疾病相关

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心血管病学进展 2006年第6期27卷 811-812页

作者： Chiale pa Garro ha Schmidberg J 刘军（摘译）马康华（校）不详重庆医科大学附一院

异常窦性心动过速(窦速)的机制并不完全明了,可能是一种起搏点自律性失衡在起作用,但无人去观察这种心律失常和抗自律性失衡膜受体抗体之间的联系,虽然这些膜抗体也在其他的心脏病或心动过速中被发现。本研究的目的是观察异常窦速病人... 详细信息

异常窦性心动过速(窦速)的机制并不完全明了,可能是一种起搏点自律性失衡在起作用,但无人去观察这种心律失常和抗自律性失衡膜受体抗体之间的联系,虽然这些膜抗体也在其他的心脏病或心动过速中被发现。本研究的目的是观察异常窦速病人中循环抗自律性失衡受体抗体的功能及生物效应及普遍性。该研究收集了21个异常窦速的病人和15个健康自愿者;IgG片断的变时效应(也是在选择病例中提纯的抗β肾上腺素能受体抗体)在使用阿托品和普萘洛尔前后用培养的心肌细胞中被评定。来自5个病人和5个健康志愿者产生cAmP的IgG片断的效应用COS-7细胞来评定,而COS-7细胞是被转染了编码β1或β2肾上腺素能受体基因的细胞。结果显示来自异常窦速的病人的IgG片断对高的抗β受体抗体(52%)产生了一个肯定性时相反应,并且诱导了cAmP量明确和长期持久的增加,抗m2胆碱受体抗体并未被发现。志愿者IgG片断不包含抗自动受体抗体。这个研究第一次把异常窦速与导致cAmP持续增加的抗β肾上腺素能受体抗体联系起来,为我们了解异常窦速病理生理提供了新视野和潜在的治疗意义。异常窦性心动过速可能与心脏β肾上腺素能受体性免疫疾病相关@刘军$重庆医科大学附一院

关键词： β肾上腺素能受体窦性心动过速心脏病疾病相关受体抗体免疫健康自愿者自律性

Influences of Biochar and Biochar-mineral Complex on mycorrhizal Colonisation and Nutrition of Wheat and Sorghum

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 686-695页

作者： paul BLACKWELL Stephen joseph paul mUNROE Hossain m.ANAWAR paul STORER Robert J.GILKES Zakaria m.SOLAImAN Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Geraldton Regional Office School of materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle University of Wollongong School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia Australian mineral Fertilisers Pty Ltd. Soil Biology and molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western Australia

The high price of synthetic fertilisers and the price barrier for biochar as a soil amendment have encouraged the exploration of using biochar in fertiliser replacement formulations. Biochars coupled with fertilisers can be applied at lower application rates to achieve benefits in plant growth and nutrition, as well as soil biological fertility. It is necessary to evaluate the use of biochar as a fertiliser substitute. Therefore, this study investigated the comparative influences of biochars, including Acacia saligna （AS）, Simcoa jarrah （S J） and Wundowie jarrah （W J）, mineral fertiliser with microbes （mF ＋ m）, biochar-mineral complex （BmC） and their combination on mycorrhizal colonisation, growth and nutrition of wheat in a glasshouse experiment and sorghum in field conditions. BmC ＋ mF ＋ m treatment produced higher mycorrhizal colonisation than mF ＋ m alone, indicating that BmC had a significant role in increasing mycorrhizal colonisation. SJ （treated with acetic acid） and mF ＋ m treatments, as well as AS ＋ mF ＋ m application, showed similar effects on mycorrhizal colonisation, but lower colonisation than the BmC ＋ mF ＋ m treatment. Ovcrall~ the BmC ＋ mF ＋ m treatment supported the maximum shoot, root and total plant dry weight followed by AS ＋ mF ＋ m and WJ ＋ mF ＋ m. The mF ＋ m treatment had the maximum shoot N and K concentrations, while BmC ＋ mF ＋ m application had the maximum shoot P concentration. AS ＋ mF -4- m and WJ ＋ mF ＋ m treatments supported the maximum N uptake by wheat shoots, while BmC ＋ mF ＋ m supported the maximum P uptake. The results showed that biochars and BmCs could increase mycorrhizal colonisation, plant growth and nutrient uptake of wheat, particularly N, P, K, S and Zn. The field experiment confirmed that BmC application at a rate of 300 kg ha-1 could increase the yield of irrigated sorghum on a loam soil and provide better applied P use efficiency compared to a water-soluble fertiliser alone. These results indicated that biochar-based fer

关键词： carbon sequestration nutrient uptake P use efficiency soil biological fertility wheat production

Soil carbon stock and emission: estimates from three land-use systems in Ghana

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 157-169页

作者： joseph Anokye Vincent Logah Andrews Opoku Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology(KNUST)KumasiGhana

Background:Land-use systems that sequester carbon and reduce CO_(2) emissions are key in the global mitigation strategies of climate *** gas emission from agro-ecosystems in sub-Saharan Africa is little ***,we quantified soil carbon stock(SCS)and CO_(2) emissions from three land-use systems *** land,oil palm plantation and forestland in the semi-deciduous forest zone of ***:Soil organic carbon concentration at the 0–15 cm layer in the forestland was 62 and 23%greater than that in the arable land and palm plantation,*** SCS along the 1.0-m profile was 108.2,99.0 and 73.5 mg ha^(−1) in the forestland,palm plantation and arable land,*** land emitted 30–46%more CO_(2) than palm plantation and *** the dry season,CO_(2) emissions were respectively 0.93,0.63 and 0.5 kg ha^(−1) h−1 from the arable land,palm plantation and *** relationships were observed between CO_(2) emissions and SCS,soil temperature,and *** SCS greatly influenced CO_(2) emission in the dry season more than in the wet season in the relatively higher carbon-input systems(forestland and palm plantation).Soil temperature accounted for more than 55%of CO_(2) emissions in both seasons,which has implications in the era of rising global ***:The study provides relevant information on carbon storage abilities of the three land-use types in tropical climate and calls for drastic climate change actions to reduce degradation of forest cover and soil disturbance in agro-ecosystems in sub-Saharan Africa.

关键词： Arable land Carbon dioxide emission Climate change Soil moisture Soil temperature Sub-Saharan Africa

Speech Separation methodology for Hearing Aid

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第2期44卷 1659-1678页

作者： joseph Sathiadhas Esra Y.Sukhi meenakshi Sundararajan Engineering College ChennaiTamil naduIndia R.m.K.Engineering College KavaraipettaiTamil naduIndia

In the design of hearing aids(ha),the real-time speech-enhancement is *** digital hearing aids should provide high signal-to-noise ratio,gain improvement and should eliminate *** generic hearing aids the perfor-mance towards different frequencies varies and non *** noise can-cellation and speech separation methods drops the voice magnitude under the noise *** performance of the ha for frequency response is non *** noise suppression methods reduce the required signal strength ***,the performance of uniform sub band analysis is poor when hearing aid is *** this paper,a speech separation method using Non-negative matrix Fac-torization(NmF)algorithm is proposed for wavelet *** Proposed non-uniformﬁlter-bank was validated by parameters like band power,Signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),mean Square Error(mSE),Signal to Noise and Dis-tortion Ratio(SINAD),Spurious-free dynamic range(SFDR),error and *** speech recordings before and after separation was evaluated for quality using objective speech quality measures International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication standard ITU-T P.862.

关键词： Speech separation waveletﬁlter independent component analysis(ICA) non-negative matrix factorization(NmF) fejer-korovkin(FK) signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)

packaging and degradability properties of polyvinyl alcohol/gelatin nanocomposite films filled water hyacinth cellulose nanocrystals

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2021年第2期6卷 168-185页

作者： Henry C.Oyeoka Chinomso m.Ewulonu Iheoma C.Nwuzor Chizoba m.Obele joseph T.Nwabanne Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityP.M.B.5025AwkaNigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityP.M.B.5025AwkaNigeria Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences29 Zhongguancun East RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100190China

Cellulose nanocrystals isolated from water hyacinth fiber(WHF)have been studied as a reinforcement for polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-gelatin *** composite design was used to study and optimize effects of the PVA,gelatin and cellulose nanocrystal(CNC)concentration on tensile strength and elongation of formed *** results of this study showed that WHF CNC had a diameter range of 20-50 nm produced films reaching 13.8 mpa tensile *** stability of the films was improved from 380℃ to 385℃ in addition of CNCs and maximum storage modulus of 3 Gpa were observed when 5 wt%CNC was ***,water absorption,water vapour permeability(WVP)and moisture uptake of the films decreased in addition of CNC to the PVA-gelatin *** uptake decreased from 22.50%to 19.05%while the least WVP when 10 wt%CNC added was 1.64×10^(-6)g/(m·h·pa).These results show possibility for industrial application of WHF CNC and PVA-gelatin blends in biodegradable films for on-the-go food wrappers.

关键词： WATER hyacinth Polyvinyl alcohol Gelatin Cellulose nanocrystals Central composite design packaging films Degradation properties

Changes in free amino acids and polyamine levels in Satsuma leaves in response to Asian citrus psyllid infestation and water stress

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 707-716页

作者： Nasir S. A. malik Jose L. Perez madhurababu Kunta joseph m. patt Robert L. mangan USDA-ARS ERRC 600 E Mermaid lane Wyndmoor PA 19038-8598 USDA-ARS SPARC 2881 F&B Road College Station TX 77845 Texas A&m University-Kingsville Citrus Center 312 North International Blvd Weslaeo TX 78596 U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory 2001 South Rock Road Fort Pierce FL 34945 Subtropical Horticultural Research Station 13601 Old Coulter Road Miami FL 33158 USDA-ARS 2413 E. Hwy 83 Weslaco TX 78596 USA

The effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on changes in amino acids and polyamine levels in Satsuma orange （Citrus unshiu; cultivar Owari） leaves were inves- tigated. Asian citrus psyllids Diaphorina citri （Kuwayama）（ACP） infestation was used to induce biotic stress while a water deficit was imposed to induce abiotic stress. Potted trees were infested by placing 50 psyllids on 3 citrus leaves enclosed in nylon mesh bags for 5 d. A parallel set of plants were kept water stressed by maintaining the soil at 20% water holding capacity for 5 d. Levels of total free amino acids were higher in water stressed and ACP infested leaves. Polyamine putrescine increased in infested leaves but not in water stressed leaves. Proline was the most abundant amino acid and its levels significantly increased by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Proline levels in infested leaves were significantly higher than the water stressed leaves. Histidine, methionine, asparagine, arginine, serine, and leucine levels also increased significantly in infested leaves, but in water stressed leaves only leucine, methionine, and threonine increased. Levels of amino acids, such as tyrosine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, and alanine, declined in infested leaves. Under water stress asparagine, phenylalanine, serine, and histidine also declined compared to controls. This indicates that while proteolysis occurred under both stresses, metabolic conversion of amino acids was different under the two stresses. In ACP infested leaves some amino acids may be used as feeding material and/or converted into secondary metabolites for defense.

关键词： amino acids citrus Diaphorina citri polyamines