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Chevron-type graphene nanoribbons w.th a reduced energy band gap:Solution synthesis,scanning tunneling microscopy and electrical characterization

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Nano Research 2020年第6期13卷 1713-1722页

作者： Ximeng Liu Gang Li Alexey Lipatov Tao Sun Mohammad Mehdi Pour Narayana R.Aluru joseph w.Lyding Alexander Sinitskii Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE68588USA Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE68588USA

Graphene nanoribbons(GNRs)attract a grow.ng interest due to their tunable physical properties and promise for device applications.A variety of atomically precise GNRs have recently been synthesized by on-surface and solution *** on-surface GNRs can be conveniently visualized by scanning tunneling microscopy(STM),and their electronic structure can be probed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy(STS),such characterization remains a great challenge for the solution-synthesized ***,w. report solution synthesis and detailed STM/STS characterization of atomically precise GNRs w.th a meandering shape that are structurally related to chevron GNRs but have a reduced energy band *** ribbons w.re synthesized by Ni0-mediated Yamamoto polymerization of specially designed molecular precursors using triflates as the leaving groups and oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of the resulting polymers using Scholl *** ribbons w.re deposited onto III-V semiconducting InAs(110)substrates by a dry contact transfer ***-resolution STM/STS characterization not only confirmed the GNR geometry,but also revealed details of electronic structure including energy states,electronic band gap,as w.ll as the spatial distribution of the local density of *** experimental STS band gap of GNRs is about 2 eV,w.ich is very close to 2.35 eV predicted by the density functional theory simulations w.th Gw.correction,indicating a w.ak screening effect of InAs(110)***,several aspects of GNR-InAs(110)substrate interactions w.re also probed and analyzed,including GNR tunable transparency,alignment to the substrate,and manipulations of GNR position by the STM *** w.ak interaction betw.en the GNRs and the InAs(110)surface makes InAs(110)an ideal substrate for investigating the intrinsic properties of *** of the reduced energy band gap of these ribbons,the GNR thin films exhibit appreciably high electrical conductivity and on/off ratios of about 1

关键词： graphene nanoribbons bottom-up synthesis electronic structure dry contact transfer scanning tunneling microscopy scanning tunneling spectroscopy

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Analgesic effects of JCM-16021 on neonatal maternal separation-induced visceral pain in rats

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w.rld Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第7期16卷 837-845页

作者： joseph JY Sung Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong

AIM:To investigate the pharmacological effect of JCM-16021,a Chinese herbal formula,and its underlying ***:JCM-16021 is composed of seven herbal plant *** raw.materials of the formula w.re examined according to the quality control criteria listed in the Chinese Pharmacopeia(2005).In a neonatal maternal separation(NMS)model,male SpragueDaw.ey rats w.re submitted to daily maternal separation from postnatal day 2 to day 14,or no specific handling(NH).Starting from postnatal day 60,rats w.re administered JCM-16021(2,4,8 g/kg per day)orally tw.ce a day for 28 *** threshold pressure and electromyographic activities of external oblique muscles in response to colorectal distention recorded w.th a Pow.r Lab System(AD Instruments International),w.re tested as pain *** in serotonin(5-HT)and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA)concentrations in the colon of rats w.re analyzed;the enterochromaffin cell numbers and serotonin transporter in the colon of rats w.re also evaluated w.th an immunohistochemistry ***:NMS treatment significantly reduced pain threshold pressure(37.4±1.4 mmHg),as compared to that of NH rats(57.7±1.9 mmHg,Pw.en compared to that before treatment(34.2±0.9 mmHg vs 52.8±2.3 mmHg in the high dose group,40.2±1.6 mmHg vs 46.5±1.3 mmHg in the middle dose group,and 39.3±0.7 mmHg vs 46.5±1.6 mmHg in the low.dose group,Pw.re:0.17±0.03,0.53±0.15,1.06±0.18,1.22±0.24 in the high dose group;0.23±0.04,0.68±0.17,1.27 ±0.26,1.8±0.3 in the middle dose group;and 0.29 ±0.06,0.8±0.16,1.53±0.24,2.1±0.21 in the low.dose group for the pressures 20,40,60,80 mmHg),as compared to the NMS vehicle *** meanΔAUC values w.re:0.57±0.12,1.33±0.18,2.57±0.37,3.08±0.37 for the pressures 20,40,60,80 mmHg(P

关键词： Analgesia effect Neonatal maternal separation Visceral hyperalgesia Herbal medicine Serotonin pathw.y

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Nonlinear vibrations of electroelastic shells w.th relatively large shear deformations

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2006年第6期49卷 660-670页

作者： joseph A. Turner Department of Engineering Mechanics University of Nebraska Lincoln NE 68588-0526 U.S.A.

A set of tw.-dimensional nonlinear equations for thin electroelastic shells in vibrations w.th moderately large thickness-shear deformations are obtained from the variational formulation of the three-dimensional equations of nonlinear electroelasticity by expanding the mechanical displacement vector and the electric potential into pow.r series in the shell thickness coordinate and retaining low.r order terms. As an example,the equations are used to study nonlinear thickness-shear vibrations of a circular cylindrical shell driven by an electric voltage. Nonlinear amplitude-frequency behavior of electric current near strong resonance is obtained.

关键词： piezoelectricity,shell.

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The Agricultural-Industrial Partnership for Eliminating Micronutrient Malnutrition: The Investment Bargain of the Decade

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 104-123页

作者： joseph MICHAEL HUNT Senior Health and Nutrition Economist Asian Development Bank Manila Philippines

The limitations of conventional approaches to eliminating micronutrient deficiencies drives the search for a sustainable paradigm. This manuscript argues that the public and private sectors must embark on modernization of the Asian food industry and reorientation of the international agricultural research complex so that nutritionally enriched essential foods w.ll be affordable and accessible to the poor. It is recommended that this partnership take special care of the needs of Asian children. The costs of chronic undernutrition, availability of cost effective strategies, and benefits of sustained nutrition improvement to individuals, families and nations are review.d. The roles of food fortification, plant breeding and biotechnology, both actual and imminent, are described. The paper concludes that a recast Green Revolution directed to dietary quality may be the key to enhancing the learning and earning capacity of young Asians of the new.millenium. “No other technology offers as large an opportunity to improve lives\{…\}at such a low.cost and in such a short time\{…\}” w.rld Bank [1] .

关键词： agricultural research public and private food industry low.cost

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Adaptive hearing in the vocal plainfin midshipman fish:getting in tune for the breeding season and implications for acoustic communication

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第1期4卷 33-42页

作者： joseph A.SISNEROS Department of Psychology the Department of Biology and the Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research CenterUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUSA

The plainfin midshipman fish(Porichthys notatus Girard,1854)is a vocal species of batrachoidid fish that gen-erates acoustic signals for intraspecific communication during social and reproductive activity and has become a good model for investigating the neural and endocrine mechanisms of vocal-acoustic ***-tively active female plainfin midshipman fish use their auditory sense to detect and locate“singing”males,w.ich produce a multiharmonic advertisement call to attract females for *** seasonal onset of male adver-tisement calling in the midshipman fish coincides w.th an increase in the range of frequency sensitivity of the female’s inner ear saccule,the main organ of hearing,thus leading to enhanced encoding of the dominant frequency components of male advertisement ***-reproductive females treated w.th either testosterone or 17β-estradiol exhibit a dramatic increase in the inner ear’s frequency sensitivity that mimics the reproductive fe-male’s auditory phenotype and leads to an increased detection of the male’s advertisement *** novel form of auditory plasticity provides an adaptable mechanism that enhances coupling betw.en sender and receiver in vocal *** review.focuses on recent evidence for seasonal reproductive-state and steroid-dependent plasticity of auditory frequency sensitivity in the peripheral auditory system of the midshipman *** potential steroid-dependent mechanism(s)that lead to this novel form of auditory and behavioral plasticity are also dis-cussed.

关键词： auditory plasticity hair cells saccule sex steroids tuning.

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Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. w.ts.) and Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL.) Control in Dicamba Tolerant Soybean (Glycine maxL.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第13期8卷 3429-3442页

作者： Dw.yne D. joseph Michael w. Marshall Colton H. Sanders Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA Edisto Research and Education Center Clemson University Blackville SC USA

Palmer amaranth and pitted morningglory are difficult to manage w.eds present in South Carolina soybean production fields. Glyphosate and ALS-resistant Palmer amaranth biotypes have spread rapidly throughout South Carolina making the control of these w.eds more difficult. Recently, soybean varieties w.th tolerance to dicamba have been introduced along w.th several new.ultra-low.volatility formulations of dicamba to help w.th the problem. Field experiments w.re conducted near Blackville, SC in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate dicamba herbicide programs for broadleaf w.ed management in dicamba tolerant soybean. At 2 w.eks after POST1 (2 w.P1), Palmer amaranth control ranged from 93% to 100% across the PRE follow.d by POST treatments in 2012 and 2013. By 2 w.eks after POST2 (2 w.P2), control w.s 95% or better. Treatments containing tw. or three herbicide applications (PRE, POST1 and POST2) offered good to excellent (92% - 100%) pitted morningglory control. No differences in w.ed control w.re observed among treatments w.th 3 application times compared to those applied tw.ce. In general, all treatments w.th a PRE follow.d by at least one POST application provided good to excellent control of Palmer amaranth and pitted morningglory. Overall, a PRE (either dicamba or flumioxazin) follow.d by a dicamba or a non-dicamba containing POST treatment provided good to excellent control of Palmer amaranth and pitted morningglory w.en applied at the correct grow.h stage.

关键词： w.ed Resistance Soybean Dicamba Glyphosate Broadleaf w.eds

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Efficacy of 2,4-D, Dicamba, Glufosinate and Glyphosate Combinations on Selected Broadleaf w.ed Heights

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第6期9卷 1321-1333页

Palmer amaranth, sicklepod and pitted morningglory are the three most common and troublesome w.eds in soybean in South Carolina. They exhibit very aggressive grow.h capabilities and if left uncontrolled in fields w.ll cause significant reductions in soybean yields. Dicamba and 2,4-D herbicides are currently having a resurgence in usage due to the recent commercialization of soybean trait technologies w.th tolerance to these herbicides. Dicamba and 2,4-D w.en tank mixed w.th glufosinate and glyphosate may offer additional w.ed control to resistant w.eds through the process of herbicide synergism. Greenhouse experiments w.re conducted in 2013 at Edisto Research and Education Center near Blackville, SC to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba and 2,4-D treatments alone and in combination on Palmer amaranth, sicklepod, and pitted morningglory at selected heights. Results suggested that glufosinate alone provided the overall best control for all 3 w.ed species. Glyphosate alone provided the low.st control of all 3 species at all heights. Synergism or improved sicklepod control w.s observed w.en glufosinate w.s tank mixed w.th dicamba. How.ver, as sicklepod increased in height, glufosinate + 2,4-D or dicamba combination offered the best control compared to glufosinate alone (90% versus 86% in 20 cm plants and 87% versus 85% in 30 cm plant). In the 5 cm Palmer amaranth, decreased control w.s observed w.en glyphosate or glufosinate w.s tank mixed w.th 2,4-D. These experiments show.d that glufosinate alone and/or in combination w.th 2,4-D or dicamba w.s the overall best treatment on the three broadleaf w.ed species.

关键词： Palmer Amaranth Pitted Morningglory Sicklepod Synergism Antagonism Glufosinate Dicamba 2 4-D Glyphosate

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Efficacy of Selected Herbicide Programs in 2,4-D Tolerant Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.)

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第10期8卷 1157-1167页

作者： Colton H. Sanders Dw.yne D. joseph Michael w. Marshall Edisto Research and Education Center Clemson University Blackville SC USA Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA

The use of transgenic crops has grow. significantly over the past couple of decades. Many agronomic crops produced today are tolerant to glyphosate. Glyphosate-tolerant crops w.re commercially introduced in 1996, and, about nine years later, glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth w.s confirmed in Georgia. Glyphosate-resistant w.eds arose from reliance on postemergence only glyphosate programs to control w.eds in crops. New.transgenic traits for glufosinate and 2,4-D choline have been developed, and evaluations of stacked traits and concurrent use of multiple herbicides have provided additional tools in the management of glyphosate-resistant w.eds. Field experiments w.re conducted in 2012 and 2013 at the Edisto Research and Education Center near Blackville, SC, USA to determine the efficacy of 2,4-D-based herbicide programs in transgenic cotton tolerant to 2,4-D choline, glyphosate, and glufosinate. The treatments provided good to excellent Palmer amaranth and pitted morningglory control in 2012 and 2013. Seed cotton yields across treatments ranged from 0 to 2057 kg ha-1. This new.trait technology package in cotton permits in-season postemergence use of 2,4-D choline, a herbicide mode of action not previously used postemergence in cotton, w.ich can control resistant w.eds, including Palmer amaranth if applied at the proper grow.h stage.

关键词： Glyphosate 2 4-D Tolerant Cotton Resistant w.eds Glufosinate 4-D Choline w.ed Control

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Evaluation of 2,4-D-Choline Based Herbicide Systems in 2,4-D Tolerant Soybean (Glycine maxL.)

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第5期8卷 385-396页

作者： Dw.yne D. joseph Colton H. Sanders Michael w. Marshall Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA Edisto Research and Education Center Clemson University Blackville SC USA

w.eds are the most limiting factor in soybean production in South Carolina. w.th early emergence and rapid grow.h, w.eds effectlively compete for w.ter, nutrients, and light resources. The recent evolution of herbicide resistant w.eds has made it increasingly difficult for grow.rs to effectively control w.eds in soybean. Glyphosate and ALS-resistant Palmer amaranth biotypes have spread rapidly throughout South Carolina, especially in areas w.ere resistance management is lacking. Soybean varieties have been recently developed w.th tolerance to 2,4-D. Field experiments w.re conducted at the Clemson University Edisto Research and Education Center located near Blackville, SC in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate selected 2,4-D choline based herbicide programs for w.ed management in 2,4-D tolerant soybean. Overall, all herbicide treatments w.re effective in controlling w.eds at the POST2 timing. Palmer amaranth control w.s excellent;how.ver, pitted morningglory w.s the most difficult. The 2,4-D plus glyphosate pre-mixture provided excellent control for all three w.ed species w.th >95% control at POST2 timing. In these treatments, the rate of 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate (1.09 kg ae ha-1 or 1.64 kg ae ha-1) did not have a significant effect on w.ed control (P = 0.3772). There w.s a decrease in pitted morningglory control 3 w.P in 2012 vs 2013 in plots treated w.th S-metolachlor + fomesafen because of a lack of activating soil moisture in 2012. Results from this study show.d that all treatments evaluated provided good to excellent control of all 3 w.ed species. Based on the herbicide programs evaluated in the study, herbicide resistant w.eds, such as Palmer amaranth, can be effectively controlled w.en treated at the correct grow.h stage.

关键词： Glyphosate Resistance 2 4-D Choline w.eds Soybean

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Accelerating the Implementation of the Incheon Strategy to Make the Right Real for Persons w.th Disabilities

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中国康复医学杂志 2013年第6期28卷 502-506页

作者： joseph Kw.k joseph Kw.k is Chairman of the w.rld Social Commission of Rehabilitation International and a UN ESCAP "Promoter" of the "Mark the Right Real for Persons with Disabilities in the Asia and Pacific Region".

The Background of the Asian and Pacific Decade of Persons w.th Disabilities The Asia and Pacific Region Asia and Pacific is a vast region. It has about 60% of the w.rld population. In Asia, you can find some of the ol... 详细信息

关键词：亚洲宗教发展现状文化差异

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