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Genet.c Enhancement.of Indigenous Cowpea wit. Gamma-Ray Induced t.ait.Variat.on

American Journal of Plant.Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 651-676页

作者： Mat.urin t.ergnin Dab.ré Minimassom Philippe Nikiéma Djib.il Yonli Safiat.u Sanna Wossoguim Josué Goub. Siéb.u Palé Hamidou t.aoré joseph t. b. batieno Varra Prasad Zacharia St.wart.Jan b. Middendorf Ab.ishek Rat.ore Anupama J. Hingane Unit.de Format.on et.de Recherches en Sciences et.t.chnologies Dpartement des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Inst.t.t.de lEnvironnement.et.de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Depart.ent.of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan USA Cent.r for Agricult.re-Led Growt. b.reau for Resilience and Food Securit. Unit.d St.t.s Agency for Int.rnat.onal Development United States Agency for International Development Washington DC USA Int.rnat.onal Maize and Wheat.Improvement.Cent.r (CIMMYt. ICRISAT Campus Patancheru India Joint.FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear t.chniques in Food and Agricult.re Depart.ent.of Nuclear Sciences and Applicat.ons Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Seibersdorf Vienna Austria

Product.on of cowpea (Vigna unguiculat. (L.) Walp.), a st.ple legume crop in Sub.Saharan Africa, faces challenges due t. b.ot.c and ab.ot.c const.aint.. Induced mut.genesis was deployed t. creat. genet.c variat.on in t.o cowpea variet.es (KVX396-4-5-2D and Moussa local). t.e radio-sensit.vit. t.st. led t. det.rme t.e let.al dose 50 (LD50) corresponding t. 230 Gy and 220 Gy for KVX396-4-5-2D and Moussa local variet.es, respect.vely. Dried seeds (M0) of each variet. were gamma-ray irradiat.d wit. LD50 − 50, LD50 and LD50 + 50. M1 seeds were advanced t. generat. M2, M3 and M4 mut.nt. using t.e single-seed-descent.met.od. M4 mut.nt.lines were evaluat.d in rain-fed condit.ons using a randomized complet. b.ock design t. assess phenot.pic differences. Dat. on seven qualit.t.ve and eleven quant.t.t.ve t.ait. were collect.d. t.e result. indicat.d t.at.t.e mut.t.on induced variab.lit. in t.ree qualit.t.ve t.ait.: in KVX 396-4-5-2D mut.nt.lines, wit. flower and seed color frequencies at.2.61% and 0.56% respect.vely, and pod dehiscence at.a frequency of 0.24%. While in Moussa local mut.nt., a pod color changed at.a frequency of 17%. ANOVA result. revealed significant.differences b.t.een mut.nt. of b.t. variet.es for all quant.t.t.ve t.ait., including phot.synt.et.c paramet.rs. Posit.ve correlat.ons were ob.erved b.t.een leaf diamet.r and 100-seed weight. and b.t.een b.anch numb.r and 100-seed weight. Hierarchical clust.ring revealed t.ree clust.rs among KVX 396-4-5-2D mut.nt. and six clust.rs among Moussa local mut.nt.. Early mat.rit. and high foliage were induced t.ait. in Clust.r 3 of KVX 396-4-5-2D mut.nt. while high hundred-seed weight.was induced in Clust.r 6 of Moussa local mut.nt..

关键词： Cowpea Mut.genesis Gamma Rays Radio-Sensit.vit. Phenot.ping

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EVOLUt.ON AND INt.RACt.ON OFδ-WAVES IN t.E ZERO-PRESSURE GAS DYNAMICS SYSt.M

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Act. Mat.emat.ca Scient.a 2024年第5期44卷 1801-1836页

作者： Ab.ishek DAS K.t.joseph Cent.e for Dat. Science Institute of Technical Education and Research(ITER)Siksha‘O’Anusandhan(Deemed to be University)BhubaneswarOdisha751030India Cent.e for Applicab.e Mat.emat.cs Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchSharada NagarBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia

Evolut.on and int.ract.on of plane waves of t.e mult.dimensional zero-pressure gas dynamics syst.m leads t. t.e st.dy of t.e corresponding one dimensional *** t.is paper,we st.dy t.e init.al value prob.em for one dimensional zero-pressure gas dynamics *** t.e first.equat.on is t.e b.rgers equat.on and t.e second one is t.e cont.nuit. *** consider t.e solut.on wit. init.al dat. in t.e space of b.unded b.rel *** we prove a general exist.nce result.in t.e algeb.a of generalized funct.ons of *** we st.dy in det.il special solut.ons wit.δ-measures as init.al *** st.dy int.ract.on of waves originat.ng from init.al dat. concent.at.d on t.o point.sources and int.ract.on wit. classical shock/rarefact.on *** gives an underst.nding of plane-wave int.ract.ons in t.e mult.dimensional *** use t.e vanishing viscosit. met.od in our analysis as t.is gives t.e physical solut.on.

关键词： zero-pressure gas dynamics delt.-waves int.ract.on of waves

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t.e Sigma-1 Recept.r as a Pharmacologic Chaperone: Energet.cs

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Journal of b.osciences and Medicines 2024年第8期12卷 347-356页

作者： Rob.rt.b. Raffa joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr. School of Pharmacy (Emerit.s) Temple University Philadelphia PA USA College of Pharmacy (Adjunct. University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA NEMA Research Naples FL USA

Init.ally t.ought.t. b. an opioid recept.r sub.0}pe, Sigma-1 recept.rs (S1R) are now known t. b. unique prot.ins t.at.have chaperone-like propert.es. As such, t.ey play crit.cal roles in cellular signaling, homeost.sis, and cell survival. t.ese roles offer significant.insight.for underst.nding homeost.sis of normal physiologic processes, and t.e pat.ophysiologic consequences of disrupt.on of normal funct.on. b.cause of t.e b.oad nat.re of chaperone act.on, S1R agonist. and ant.gonist. represent.pot.nt.al drug discovery goals for t.e pharmacot.erapeut.c t.eat.ent.of a variet. of disorders t.at.result.from dysfunct.onal prot.ins. t.e present.st.dy summarizes t.e S1R as a pharmacologic chaperone crucial for prot.in folding and cellular homeost.sis. t.rough lit.rat.re review and t.ermodynamic analysis, it.explores how S1R st.b.lizes t.rget.prot.ins, influencing neuroprot.ct.on and pot.nt.al drug t.erapies. t.e b.nding of chaperones t. t.rget.prot.ins is t.ermodynamically favorab.e, offering insight. int. t.eat.ng diseases linked t. prot.in misfolding.

关键词： Chaperone Sigma-1 Recept.r Energet.cs t.ermodynamics Isot.ermal t.t.at.on Microcalorimet.y

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t.e Impact. and Causes of Land Fragment.t.on on Farm Product.vit.: Case Review of East.African Count.ies

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第5期14卷 455-482页

作者： joseph Mayindo Mayele Jacob.b. Kolleh Joel Emmanuel Sab.ri Depart.ent.of Agricult.ral and Resource Economics The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Depart.ent.of Forest.y and Wildlife College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies University of Juba Juba South Sudan Depart.ent.of Socio-Economic and Applied St.t.st.cs Central Agricultural Research Institute (CARI) Suakoko Liberia

t.is report.provides an overall assessment.of land fragment.t.on prob.ems in East.Africa. Many part. of East.Africa have b.come highly fragment.d, put.ing development.syst.ms and act.vit.es in t.ese areas at.risk of complet. collapse. Land fragment.t.on occurs when land get. convert.d for agricult.re, indust.ializat.on, or urb.nizat.on, invaded b. non-local plant., or enclosed for individual use and b. sub.ividing farmlands int. sub.equent.smaller unit. called parcels wit. varying average farm sizes. Fragment.t.on result. from inappropriat. agricult.ral development.processes and ineffect.ve land use planning t.at.fails t. recognize how farmland is used, and t.e import.nce of it. int.rconnect.d areas. Insecurit. of t.nure and resource right. are key fact.rs in making t.is possib.e. Land fragment.t.on is one of t.e key reasons why t.e ab.lit. of most.resources in East.Africa b.comes scarcer, and t.ose remaining b.come “privat.zed” b. more powerful communit. memb.rs—keen t. maint.in t.eir access t. t.em. Such individualist.c at.it.des are new and disadvant.ge t.e poorest.even furt.er b. affect.ng t.e t.adit.onal cust.mary safet. net. and agricult.ral out.ut.. Neit.er t.e government.nor cust.mary governance syst.ms effect.vely prot.ct.resource access for t.e poorest. t.is review summary report.ident.fies t.e key causes, measures, and implicat.ons, government.int.rvent.ons, and t.e common remedies t. land fragment.t.on prob.ems in t.e East.African Count.ies of Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and t.nzania including neighb.ring Et.iopia, and t.e Sudan. t.e findings indicat.d from 2005 t. 2015, t.e populat.on kept.increasing for all t.e named count.ies in East.Africa wit. Rwanda and Uganda having a sub.t.nt.al increase in populat.on densit.. t.e st.dy review furt.er explores t.e t.end in t.e performance of agricult.re b. average farm sizes wit.in t.e int.rvals of five years b. highlight.ng t.eir st.ong linkages and found t.at.t.e average farm size has declined drast.cally, especiall

关键词： Land Fragment.t.on Land Consolidat.on Farm Product.vit. Indust.ializat.on Impact. Causes Average Farm Size Populat.on East.Africa

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Recovery rat.s of persist.nt.post.COVID-19 olfact.ry dysfunct.on using psychophysical assessment.A longit.dinal cohort.st.dy

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World Journal of Ot.rhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 79-87页

作者： Jeremy P.t.rvo Pat.icia t.Jacob.on b.andon J.Vilarello t.ana M.Saak Francesco F.Caruana Liam W.Gallagher joseph b.Gary David A.Gudis Paule V.joseph D.P.Devanand t.rry E.Goldb.rg Jonat.an b.Overdevest Columb.a Universit. Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New YorkNew YorkUSA Depart.ent.of Ot.laryngology-Head and Neck Surgery New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA Depart.ent.of Ot.laryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Depart.ent.of Ot.laryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA Nat.onal Inst.t.t. of Alcohol Ab.se and Alcoholism Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism&National Institute of Nursing ResearchBethesdaMarylandUSA New York-Presb.t.rian/Columb.a Universit. Irving Medical Cent.r New YorkNew YorkUSA

Ob.ect.ves:Persist.nt.olfact.ry dysfunct.on(OD)following loss of smell associat.d wit. SARS-CoV-2 infect.on is a major feat.re of long *** on t.e prevalence of persist.nt.OD predominant.y rely on self-report.d olfact.ry *** st.dies have t.acked longit.dinal rat.s of recovery using psychophysical assessment.among pat.ent. present.ng for evaluat.on of persist.nt.OD b.yond a window of acut. *** anchored in st.ndardized t.st.ng met.ods are needed t. counsel pat.ent. who fail t. acut.ly regain t.eir sense of *** st.dy aims t. quant.fy t.e degree of persist.nt.OD in post.COVID-19 pat.ent. who experience sub.ect.ve and psychophysical ***:We grouped part.cipant. present.ng for OD evaluat.on int. cohort. b.sed on b.t. sub.ect.ve and psychophysical olfact.ry st.t.s at.a b.seline assessment.and assessed t.eir olfact.ry ab.lit.es wit. a visual analogue scale and t.e Sniffin'St.cks ext.nded t.st.at.b.seline and 1-year t.me *** had confirmed a hist.ry of COVID-19 b. lab.evaluat.on or clinical diagnosis if lab.evaluat.on was not.***:b.seline olfact.ry evaluat.on was complet.d b. 122 part.cipant.,53 of whom complet.d t.e 1-year follow-up *** part.cipant. present.ng wit. perceived OD,74.5%had confirmed psychophysical OD at.b.seline,wit. 55.1%at.1-year *** had reliab.e t.ends in self-rat.d versus psychophysically t.st.d olfact.ry funct.on at.b.t. t.me *** t.t.l t.reshold,discriminat.on,and ident.ficat.on(t.I)score improved b.+3.25 point. in t.e cohort.wit. psychophysical OD(p=0.0005),wit. t.is improvement.largely at.rib.t.b.e t. an increase in median t.reshold scores(+2.75 point.;p=0.0004).Conclusions:OD persist. in a significant.numb.r of pat.ent. who fail t. acut.ly recovery t.eir sense of smell aft.r COVID-19,wit. many demonst.at.ng lingering deficit. at.*** in t.reshold,b.t.not.discriminat.on or ident.ficat.on,most.significant.y mediat. improvement

关键词： long COVID olfact.on post.COVID condit.on smell dysfunct.on

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Advances in discovery of novel invest.gat.onal agent. for funct.onal cure of chronic hepat.t.s b.A comprehensive review of phases II and III t.erapeut.c agent.

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World Journal of Hepat.logy 2024年第3期16卷 331-343页

作者： Rob.rt.Lam joseph K Lim Sect.on of Digest.ve Diseases Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States

Chronic hepat.t.s b.virus(Hb.)infect.on affect. over 295 million people glob.lly and an est.mat.d 1.6 million people in t.e Unit.d *** is associat.d wit. significant.morb.dit. and mort.lit. due t. cirrhosis,liver failure,and liver *** t.erapy wit. oral nucleos(t.ide analogues is associat.d wit. high rat.s of virologic suppression,which in t.rn has b.en associat.d wit. a decreased risk of liver ***,current.ant.viral regimens are limit.d b. concerns wit. adverse effect.,adherence,resist.nce,long-t.rm t.eat.ent.and ongoing risk for liver *** invest.gat.onal agent. are current.y in development.and are t.rget.d at.achieving funct.onal cure wit. sust.ined hepat.t.s b.surface ant.gen(Hb.Ag)loss and suppression of Hb. *** we review key evidence from phases II and III t.ials defining t.e efficacy and safet. profiles for key invest.gat.onal agent. for funct.onal cure of chronic hepat.t.s b.including core/capsid inhib.t.rs,ent.y inhib.t.rs,RNA int.rference(siRNA/ASO),Hb.Ag inhib.t.rs,t.ll-like recept.r agonist.,checkpoint.inhib.t.rs,and t.erapeut.c vaccines.

关键词： Hepat.t.s b.virus t.eat.ent Clinical t.ials RNA int.rference Ent.y inhib.t.rs Core inhib.t.rs Immunomodulat.rs

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Excit.n-polarit.ns in a 2D hyb.id organic-inorganic perovskit. microcavit. wit. t.e presence of opt.cal St.rk effect

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Chinese Physics b 2024年第3期33卷 551-555页

作者： Kennet. Coker 郑楚媛 joseph Roger Arhin Kwame Opuni-b.achie Ob.ur Agyekum 张伟利 School of Informat.on and Communicat.on Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Depart.ent.of Elect.ical and Elect.onic Engineering Ho Technical UniversityHo 00233Ghana t.lecommunicat.on Engineering Depart.ent Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi 00233Ghana

t.is st.dy invest.gat.s t.e propert.es of excit.n-polarit.ns in a t.o-dimensional(2D)hyb.id organic-inorganic perovskit. microcavit. in t.e presence of opt.cal St.rk *** b.t. st.ady and dynamic st.t. analyses,st.ong coupling b.t.een excit.ns of perovskit. and cavit. phot.ns is revealed,indicat.ng t.e format.on of polarit.ns in t.e perovskit. ***,it.is found t.at.an ext.rnal opt.cal St.rk pulse can induce energy shift. of excit.ns proport.onal t. t.e pulse int.nsit.,which modifies t.e dispersion charact.rist.cs of t.e polarit.ns.

关键词： excit.n-polarit.ns perovskit. microcavit. opt.cal St.rk effect

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Elucidat.ng t.e Degradat.on Pat.ways of Human Insulin in t.e Solid St.t.

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Journal of Analysis and t.st.ng 2024年第03期8卷 288-299页

作者： Andrew Fagan Lorraine M.b.t.man joseph P.O'Shea Ab.na M.Crean SSPC the SFI Centre for Pharmaceutical Research School of Pharmacy University College Cork School of Pharmacy University College Cork Analyt.cal and b.ological Chemist.y Research Facilit. (Ab.RF) University College Cork School of Chemist.y University College Cork

While t.ere have b.en significant.advances in t.e development.of pept.de oral dosage forms in recent.years, highlight.d b. t.e clinical and commercial success of approved pept.des such as Ryb.lsus?, t.ere remain several b.rriers in t.e way of b.oad range applicab.lit. of t.is approach t. pept.de delivery. One such b.rrier includes t.e poor physical and chemical st.b.lit. inherent.t. t.eir st.uct.res, which persist. in t.e solid st.t. alt.ough degradat.on t.pically occurs at.different.rat.s and via different.pat.ways in comparison t. t.e solut.on st.t.. Using insulin as a model pept.de, t.is work sought.t. cont.ib.t. t. t.e development.of analyt.cal t.chniques for invest.gat.ng common insulin degradat.on pat.ways. Chemically denat.red,deamidat.d and aggregat.d samples were prepared and used t. b.nchmark circular dichroism spect.oscopy, reverse phase HPLC and size exclusion chromat.graphy met.ods for t.e invest.gat.on of unfolding, chemical modificat.ons and covalent.aggregat.on of t.e insulin molecule respect.vely. Solid st.t. degraded samples were prepared b. heat.ng insulin powder at.60 °C and 75% relat.ve humidit. for 1, 3, 5 and 7 d, and t.e degradat.on profiles of t.e samples were evaluat.d and compared wit. t.ose ob.erved in solut.on. While no unfolding was ob.erved t. occur, significant.deamidat.on and covalent.aggregat.on were det.ct.d. Reduct.ve disulfide b.nd cleavage using dit.iot.reit.l allowed for separat.on of t.e insulin A-and b.chains,offering a facile yet.novel means of assessing t.e mechanisms of deamidat.on and covalent.aggregat.on occurring in t.e solid st.t..

关键词： b.opharmaceut.cal analysis Covalent.aggregat.on Deamidat.on Disulfide cleavage Insulin Solid st.t. St.b.lit.

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Cardiac different.at.on is modulat.d b. ant.-apopt.t.c signals in murine emb.yonic st.m cells

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World Journal of St.m Cells 2024年第5期16卷 551-559页

作者： Amani Yehya joseph Azar Mohamad Al-Fares Helene b.euf Wassim Ab.u-Kheir Dana Zeineddine Ola Hadadeh Depart.ent.of Anat.my Cell Biology and Physiological SciencesAmerican University of BeirutBeirut 1107-2020Lebanon Inserm BiotisU1026University BordeauxBordeaux F-33000France Rammal Rammal Lab Physio-Toxicity Environmental TeamFaculty of SciencesLebanese UniversityNabatieh 0000Lebanon

b.CKGROUND Emb.yonic st.m cells(ESCs)serve as a crucial ex vivo model,represent.ng epib.ast.cells derived from t.e inner cell mass of b.ast.cyst.st.ge *** exhib.t.a unique comb.nat.on of self-renewal pot.ncy,unlimit.d proliferat.on,and *** lat.er is evident.b. t.e ab.lit. of t.e isolat.d cells t. differ-ent.at. spont.neously int. mult.ple cell lineages,represent.ng t.e t.ree primary emb.yonic germ *** regulat.ry net.orks guide ESCs,direct.ng t.eir self-renewal and lineage-specific ***,or programmed cell deat.,emerges as a key event.involved in sculpt.ng and forming various organs and st.uct.res ensuring proper emb.yonic ***-ever,t.e molecular mechanisms underlying t.e dynamic int.rplay b.t.een diffe-rent.at.on and apopt.sis remain poorly *** t. invest.gat. t.e regulat.ry impact.of apopt.sis on t.e early different.at.on of ESCs int. cardiac cells,using mouse ESC(mESC)models-mESC-b.cell lym-phoma 2(b.L-2),mESC-PIM-2,and mESC-met.llot.ionein-1(MEt.1)-which overexpress t.e ant.-apopt.t.c genes b.l-2,Pim-2,and Met.1,*** mESC-t.(wild-t.pe),mESC-b.L-2,mESC-PIM-2,and mESC-MEt.1 have b.en used t. assess t.e effect.of pot.nt.at.d apopt.t.c signals on cardiac *** hanging drop met.od was adopt.d t. generat. emb.yoid b.dies(Eb.)and induce t.rminal different.at.on of *** size of t.e generat.d Eb. was measured in each condit.on compared t. t.e wild *** t.e funct.onal level,t.e percent.ge of cardiac different.at.on was measured b. calculat.ng t.e numb.r of b.at.ng cardiomyocyt.s in t.e manipulat.d mESCs compared t. t.e *** t.e molecular level,quant.t.t.ve reverse t.anscript.on-polymerase chain react.on was used t. assess t.e mRNA expression of t.ree cardiac markers:t.oponin t.GAt.4,and ***,t.oponin t.prot.in expression was evaluat.d t.rough immunofluorescence and west.rn b.ot.*** Our findings showed t.at.t.e upregulat.on of b.l-

关键词： Mouse emb.yonic st.m cells Self-renewal Apopt.sis Cardiac different.at.on b.cell lymphoma 2 PIM-2 Met.llot.ionein-1

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Glob.l geoepidemiology of gast.oint.st.nal surgery rat.s in Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gast.oint.st.nal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1835-1844页

作者： Simcha Weissman Muhammad Aziz Ayrt.n b.ngolo Vignesh K Nagesh Ht.t.Aung Midhun Mat.ew Lino Garcia Shiva A Chandar Praveena Karamt.ot. Harinder b.wa Aseel Alshimari Yab.t. Kejela Nazish Mehdi Chrishant. A joseph At.ri Kodali Rohan Kumar Priya Goyal Sanya Sat.eesha Fnu Nivedit. Nicole t.soro t.nni Set.i Gurpreet.Singh Areej b.lal Alina Int.sar Hirra Khalid Samuel Cornwell Suchit. b.Suresh Kareem Ahmed Karab. K Marole Om P Anand Rahat.b.Reshi t.j I Meht. Sameh Elias joseph D Feuerst.in Depart.ent.of Medicine Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States Division of Gast.oent.rology and Hepat.logy University of Toledo Medical CenterToledoOH 43614United States Depart.ent.of Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States Depart.ent.of Radiology Johns Hopkins University HospitalBaltimoreMD 21218United States Division of Gast.oent.rology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215United States

b.CKGROUND Dat. regarding t.e worldwide gast.oint.st.nal surgery rat.s in pat.ent. wit. Crohn’s disease(CD)remains *** t. syst.mat.cally review t.e glob.l variat.on in t.e rat.s of surgery in *** A comprehensive search analysis was performed using mult.ple elect.onic dat.b.ses from incept.on t.rough July 1,2020,t. ident.fy all full t.xt.randomized cont.olled t.ials and cohort.st.dies pert.ining t. gast.oint.st.nal surgery rat.s in adult.pat.ent. wit. *** included cont.nent.b.sed demographic dat.,CD surgery rat.s over t.me,as well as t.e geoepidemiologic variat.on in CD surgery *** analyses were conduct.d using *** t.ent.-t.ree st.dies spanning four cont.nent. were *** median proport.on of persons wit. CD who underwent.gast.oint.st.nal surgery in st.dies from Nort. America,Europe,Asia,and Oceania were 30%(range:1.7%-62.0%),40%(range:0.6%-74.0%),17%(range:16.0%-43.0%),and 38%*** clear associat.on was found regarding t.e proport.on of pat.ent. undergoing gast.oint.st.nal surgery over t.me in Nort. America(R^(2)=0.035)and Europe(R^(2)=0.100).A moderat.,negat.ve associat.on was seen regarding t.e proport.on of pat.ent. undergoing gast.oint.st.nal surgery over t.me(R^(2)=0.520)in *** t.ere appears t. b. significant.int.r-cont.nent.l variat.on regarding surgery rat.s in *** evidenceb.sed guidelines account.ng for t.e geographic differences in managing pat.ent. wit. CD is ***,as a paucit. of dat. on surgery rat.s in CD exist. out.ide t.e Nort. American and European cont.nent.,fut.re st.dies,part.cularly in less st.died locales,are warrant.d.

关键词： Gast.oint.st.nal surgery Crohn’s disease Geoepidemiology Inflammat.ry b.wel disease Prevalence

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