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Assessing people at risk of developing type 2 diabetes in Freetown, Sierra Leone

TMR Integrative Medicine 2021年第34期5卷 1-10页

作者： Manal Ghazzawi Valerie Thurtle joseph sam kanu Citiglobe Pharmacies Ltd FreetownSierra Leone. King’s College London Weston Education CentreLondonEngland. National Disease Surveillance Programme Ministry of Health and SanitationSierra Leone National Public Health Emergency Operations CentreFreetownSierra Leone. Department of Community Health Faculty of Clinical ScienceCollege of Medicine and Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Sierra LeoneFreetownSierra Leone.

Objective:This study aims to estimate the proportion of adults that are at high risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus,and to investigate the association of participants at high risk for developing diabetes with various risk ***:A 2-yearprospective community based cross-sectional design was carried out in Freetown using the standardized Finnish Diabetes Risk Score assessment questionnaire,at two community pharmacies in the East,Central Freetown,and at a Peripheral Health Unit in the west where participants were randomly ***:The study included a total of 1013 adults(ages 18 years and above)which reveals that 36.5%had a family history of diabetes mellitus and 42.8%were physically *** of obesity depicted 35.4%have class 1–2 obesity,with 19.4%males and 35.4%females having central obesity *** terms of risk score,17.8%of total participants were found to be at high risk for developing type 2 ***:There is a high prevalence of risk for developing diabetes among residents of *** risk factors such as,age,family history of Diabetes,obesity,high blood pressure contributed to *** in obesity rate was also seen especially among females having a wider waist circumference and Body Mass *** to adequately address issues of physical inactivity,poor dietary habits are highly needed to prevent those at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Obesity Body Mass Index Diabetes risk score Finnish Diabetes Risk Score

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塞拉利昂北部地区农村女性妇幼保健知识及相关行为现状

塞拉利昂北部地区农村女性妇幼保健知识及相关行为现状

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作者： joseph sam kanu（卡努）吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

塞拉利昂共和国是世界上妇幼保健标准实施较差的国家之一。2008年人口统计及卫生调查显示,塞拉利昂的孕产妇死亡率高达857/10万(SLDHS2008);每位妇女一生的孕产死亡风险为1：6,孕产妇死亡与产后并发症(如子宫破裂,子宫脱垂,产科瘘,不孕... 详细信息

塞拉利昂共和国是世界上妇幼保健标准实施较差的国家之一。2008年人口统计及卫生调查显示,塞拉利昂的孕产妇死亡率高达857/10万(SLDHS2008);每位妇女一生的孕产死亡风险为1：6,孕产妇死亡与产后并发症(如子宫破裂,子宫脱垂,产科瘘,不孕)发生的比例为1：15-30。5岁以下儿童死亡率高达140‰,婴儿死亡率达89‰,其中新生儿死亡占婴儿死亡的40%(新生儿死亡率为3.6%),占五岁以下儿童死亡率的25%(SLDHS2008).塞拉利昂的贫困程度较高,文盲率高,生育率高,少女妊娠率高,而计划生育实施情况较差。可通过简单的社区成本-效益干预来降低孕产妇及婴幼儿死亡率,但在这些干预措施实行之前或实施的过程中,对目标人群健康知识水平的评价十分重要。目的了解塞拉利昂北部(邦巴利)地区女性妇幼保健知识的知晓情况,疾病预防行为及求医行为：评估塞拉利昂农村地区丈夫的干预对于妇女健康知识水平和健康行为的影响;分析影响农村女性健康知识水平的因素及健康知识与女性行为的关系,为相关政策的制定提供合理意见。方法运用结构式调查问卷对五岁及以下儿童的母亲进行调查。收集被调查者及其家庭的相关信息,按照被调查者对健康知识和行为问题的回答正确数及问题分布情况,将所收集数据制表、评分。将健康知识评分作为因变量进行回归分析探究影响健康知识水平的因素。运用典型相关分析来评价被调查者知识水平与行为之间的关联。结果健康知识评分的平均分为61.62,标准差为14.68,最高分为91.00,最低分为18.00,中位分数为63.27。多因素分析结果显示,受教育程度及怀孕次数与知识水平有关,受教育水平每增加一个等级,得分升高3.82;分娩次数每增加一次,得分升高1.24。卡介苗接种率能够达到100%。受教育程度高者健康知识得分高。未发现丈夫的干预对女性妇幼保健知识得分有影响。本研究的典型相关系数为0.401,在a=0.05的水平上有统计学意义。在第一个典型函数中,R2=0.161,说明16.1%的行为变量(因变量)变异可用受教育程度变量(自变量)的变异解释(P<0.001)。而第一个典型函数的冗余指数表明,6.7%的因变量变异可用受教育程度变量的变异解释。相反地,5.1%的受教育程度变量的变异可用行为变量的变异解释。被调查者的行为和健康知识水平间具有相关性。结论本研究发现,在妇幼保健知识匮乏和保健行为不科学的地区,腹泻、痢疾、肺炎、妊娠、分娩、新生儿护理、环境卫生等方面健康行为的改善对于提高妇女相关知识水平十分重要。另外,该研究还发现妇女的妇幼保健知识得分与治疗来源、药物来源和在家里存放药物行为之间呈正相关,这说明提高妇女健康知识的水平可以明显地改变妇女对于某项健康行为的决策,这同时也影响妇幼保健工作的执行情况。

关键词：认知女性妇幼保健塞拉利昂农村

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Assessing diabetic patients at risk of developing foot ulcers in Freetown, Sierra Leone

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Food Therapy and Health Care 2021年第3期3卷 60-66页

作者： Manal Ghazzawi joseph sam kanu Patrick O Erah Citiglobe Ltd 6Campbell Street FreetownSierra Leone Ministry of Health FreetownSierra Leone University of Benin Benin cityNigeria

Introduction:Diabetes Mellitus is a global health issue,though current prevalence data is lacking Sierra Leone has an increasing number of diagnosed and undiagnosed *** of education and self-care,poor adoption of healthy lifestyle may be the main factors leading to an increased risk of diabetic foot ***:To identify patients with diabetes at risk of developing foot ulcers,diabetic neuropathy,peripheral artery disease and to investigate the association between independent risk factors involved in development of foot ulcers and other clinically related ***:Study was done at two sites,Connaught hospital and a clinic in Freetown.A standardized questionnaire was administered for risk assessment of diabetic ulcers.A total of 231 participants(Ages 45-75 years)were recruited via systematic random *** statistics was used to analyze data using ***:Majority of participants(64.5%)were diagnosed with diabetes within 1-5 years,5.5%and 13.4%had eye and kidney disease *** sensation evaluation revealed that 38.5%had loss of protective sensation and 19%had suspected peripheral arterial disease with absent pulse at the posterior tibial artery and dorsalis ***,occupation,years since diagnosis and type of diabetes was significantly associated with high risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers with a P value<*** Categorization of participants revealed 76%at low risk while those at moderate,high and highest risks were 20%,17%and 3.5%*** with prior kidney disease,eye problems and previous history of amputation had greater loss of protective sensation,absent pulse,and tingling sensation at ***:There’s great need for health care workers to become diabetes educators to offer proper services like diabetes foot examination to prevent diabetes ulcers which leads to *** diabetic patients at risk for diabetic foot ulcers will go a long way to prevent

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Peripheral Arterial Disease Loss of Protective Sensation Diabetic Foot Ulcers

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Prevalence of High Non-high-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Associated Risk Factors in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Jilin Province,China:A Cross-sectional Study

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2016年第7期29卷 534-538页

作者： HE Huan ZHEN Qing LI Yong KOU Chang Gui TAO Yu Chun WANG Chang joseph sam kanu LU Yu Ping YU Ming Xi ZHANG Hui Ping YU Ya Qin LI Bo LIU Ya Wen Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchun 130021JinlinChina Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of MedicineVA Medical CenterWest HavenCT 06516USA

Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases（CVDs）in patients with diabetes,and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（non-HDL-C）is a better predictor of CVDs than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）in patients with ***,we aimed to investigate the distribution of non-HDL-C and the prevalence of high non-HDL-C level in Chinese patients with diabetes mellitus and identify the

关键词： HDL Prevalence of High Non-high-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Associated Risk Factors in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Jilin Province,China high

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Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with potassium competitive acid blockers:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1213-1223页

作者： joseph Edwin kanu Jonathan Soldera Post Graduate Program at Acute Medicine and Gastroenterology University of South WalesCardiff CF371DLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(***)infects over half the global population,causing gastrointestinal diseases like dyspepsia,gastritis,duodenitis,peptic ulcers,GMALT lymphoma,and gastric *** *** is crucial for treating and preventing these *** conventional proton pump inhibitor(PPI)-based triple therapy is effective,there’s growing interest in longer acid suppression *** competitive acid blocker(P-CAB)triple and dual therapy are new regimens for *** *** used in Asian populations,vonoprazan(VPZ)has been recently Food and Drug Administration-approved for *** *** To assess the efficacy of regimens containing P-CABs in eradicating *** *** This study,following PRISMA 2020 guidelines,conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching MEDLINE and Scopus libraries for randomized clinical trials(RCTs)or observational studies with the following command:[("Helicobacter pylori"OR"H pylori")AND("Treatment"OR"Therapy"OR"Eradication")AND("Vonaprazan"OR"Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker"OR"P-CAB"OR"PCAB"OR"Revaprazan"OR"Linaprazan"OR"Soraprazan"OR"Tegoprazan")].Studies comparing the efficacy of P-CABs-based treatment to classical PPIs in eradicating *** were *** criteria included case reports,case series,unpublished trials,or conference *** variables encompassed age,diagnosis method,sample sizes,study duration,intervention and control,and *** eradication method were gathered by two independent ***-analysis was performed in R software,and forest plots were *** A total of 256 references were initially retrieved through the search ***,fifteen studies(7 RCTs,7 retrospective observational studies,and 1 comparative unique study)were included,comparing P-CAB triple therapy to PPI triple *** intention-to-treat analysis involved 8049 patients,with 4471 in the P-CAB intervention g

关键词： Helicobacter pylori infection Potassium competitive acid blockers Proton pump inhibitors Vonoprazan Amoxicillin

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Oviposition Site Preference and Its Effects on Subsequent Development of Variegated Grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L.) under Laboratory Conditions

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第3期12卷 143-154页

作者： Saffea joseph Torto Abu James Sundufu Alusaine Edward samura Sahr Ngoba Fomba Dennis Peter Musa Skeku Alfred kanu Prince Emmanuel Norman Department of Crop Protection School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala Sierra Leone Department of Horticulture School of Natural Resources Management Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Department of Crop Science School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Germplasm Enhancement and Seeds Systems Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute Freetown Sierra Leone

Female grasshoppers can affect the fitness of their offspring through their selection of oviposition site. Knowledge of soil type on oviposition, and its effects on subsequent development can provide guidelines for habitat manipulations that reduce the harmful effects of these pests on farmers fields. The influence of soil types on the oviposition site preference of variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L.) reared some cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties, was investigated in a cage trial carried out at the Bio factory laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Njala University, Sierra Leone during 2022/2023. The treatments comprised three soil types (Sandy, Loamy and Clay), each with three replications laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in wooden cages. Data were collected on the following development parameters including, Net reproductive growth ratio (R0), Generation time (Tc), Intrinsic rate of increase (rm), Finite rate of increase (), Doubling time (Dt), and overall survivorship. Findings revealed that, Z. variegatus L. preferred sandy soil in which, on average, most eggs were deposited (338, 6.62 4.40), followed by loamy soil, 286 (5.53 3.96), and then, clayey soil, 200 (3.91 3.85);though, the differences were not significant. This study established that Z. variegatus deposited more eggs in sandy soil > loamy soil > clayey soil, respectively;and subsequent survivorship of the immature unto mature adult insect, revealed a similar order. This indicates that the sandy soil is the most preferred substrate for oviposition and subsequent development into adult insects.

关键词： Development Oviposition Oviposition Site Preference Soil Types Variegated Grasshopper

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Grasshopper Incidence and Severity of Damage as Influenced by Cyanogenic Potential in Leaf Tissue of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

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Advances in Molecular Imaging 2024年第3期13卷 23-38页

作者： Saffea joseph Torto Prince Emmanuel Norman Alusaine Edward samura Sahr Ngoba Fomba Dennis Peter Musa Johnny Ernest Norman Skeku Alfred kanu Department of Crop Protection School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI) Freetown Sierra Leone Department of Horticulture School of Natural Resources Management Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Department of Crop Science School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone

This study assessed the effect of cyanogenic potential (CNP) in leaf tissue on grasshopper incidence and severity of damage in cassava for the identiﬁcation of parents with desired complementary traits for crossing. The experiment was conducted at the Foya Wulleh, Njala experimental site in Sierra Leone during 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons in a randomized complete block design with three replications. A total of 30 genotypes comprising 26 breeding lines, two improved and two local genotypes were assessed. Results showed a signiﬁcant (p < 0.05) linear relationship between leaf CNP and grasshopper infestation (incidence and severity of damage) among cassava genotypes. Findings showed that the higher leaf CNP, the lower the grasshopper infestation in cassava genotypes. About two genotypes (Cooksoon and Cocoa) had low leaf CNP;three genotypes (TR0020, TR0037 and TR0013) CNP had moderately low leaf CNP;eight genotypes (SLICASS 6, TR0029, TR0032, TR0011, TR0012, TR0016-1/17, TR0002 and TR0010) had intermediate leaf CNP;seven (TR0009, TR0015-1/17, TR0036, TR0022-1/17, SLICASS 4, TR0007 and TR0026-1/17) had moderately high leaf CNP;eight (TR0008, TR0019-1/17, TR0006, TR0005, TR0021, TR0021-1/17, TR0022 and TR0024-1/17) had high leaf CNP;and two genotypes (TR0001 and TR0018-1/17) had very high leaf CNP. This suggests the indirect dependence of leaf cyanogenic potential on grasshopper infestation (incidence and severity of damage) in cassava that could be exploited for the genetic improvement of cassava for improved resistance to grasshopper infestation, nutrition and utilization of the crop.

关键词： Cassava Cyanogenic Potential Grasshopper Infestation Regression Correlation Analysis

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Effect of Land Uses on Soil Erodibility in the Njala Area of Southern Sierra Leone

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第10期12卷 475-489页

作者： Denis Magnus Ken Amara Ibrahim Benya Sheku Alfred kanu Daniel Hindogbe Saidu Raymond Morie Musa Osman Sidie Vonu Fayia Brima joseph Christian Adamu Mboma Michael Jusu Foday Turay Abdulai Kamara Department of Soil Science School of Agriculture & Food Sciences Njala University Njala Campus Njala Sierra Leone Department of Soil Science Faculty of Development Agriculture & Natural Resources Management Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone Private Mail Bag Kenema Sierra Leone Project Management Office Mamour Agricultural Foundation Freetown Sierra Leone Department of Crop Science School of Agriculture & Food Sciences Njala University Njala Campus Sierra Leone Department of Agriculture Food Security & Livelihood Sustainable Cassava Commercialization through Entrepreneurs Strengthening & Support (SUCCESS) Project Bangladeshi Rural Agro Committee (BRAC) Bo Sierra Leone Department of Agricultural Education Faculty of Education Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone Kenema Sierra Leone Department of Social Studies Faculty of Education Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone Kenema Sierra Leone Department of Agriculture & Forestry Faculty of Development Agriculture & Natural Resources Management Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone Kenema Sierra Leone Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Development Agriculture & Natural Resources Management Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone Kenema Sierra Leone

Soil loss through erosion continues to pose serious challenges to increasing the smallholder agricultural productivity in Sierra Leone. While emphasis on sustainable land use practices continue to gain attention among land users, however, the rate of adoption among smallholder farmers is still very low and hence, in most part of the country soil fertility has been declining at alarming rates. In the Njala area, studies have shown that soil loss ranges from moderate to high. Though soil erosion has been identified as a major soil fertility declining factor, however, the effect of land use practices on the inherent resistance of soil materials to erosion is lacking. This study was therefore conducted to assess the effect of land uses on soil erodibility. The results showed that the soils are coarse sandy loam with high sand content. The dispersion ratios and erosion indices of soils under cassava, plantain, maize and guava were above the minimum thresholds of 15.0 and 10.0 respectively, thus indicating that these soils are highly erodible compared to soils under fallow and sweet potato which have dispersion ratios and erosion indices below the minimum thresholds. Clay content was inversely proportional to and significantly correlated with dispersion ratio and erosion index while the correlations between silt + clay, dispersion ration and erosion index, and silt, silt + clay and dispersion ratio were negative and non-significant. Considering the coarse nature of soils, landscape features and high erodibility indices, these soils would need special soil and water conservation practices to counter further degradation. These may include following, agroforestry, silvi-pasture, controlled and rotational grazing. In addition, awareness of sense of self-responsibility and forest policies and regulations are needed.

关键词： Soil Erosion Land Use Agriculture Smallholders Soil Texture Erodibility Soil Fertility Deforestation

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新版参考文献著录规则关于文献类型与载体标志代码的规定

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实用医学杂志 2017年第11期33卷 1841-1841页

作者：本刊编辑部解放军第三0二医院感染病诊疗与研究中心北京市100039

2015年12月1日起，国家标准化管理委员会将实施新版参考文献著录规则GB／T7714—2015。请广大作者在投稿前注意按照新版国家标准格式检查著录，以免增加返修工作量，延长审稿进程。具体规定如下：

关键词：著录规则参考文献文献类型代码载体管理委员会标准格式标准化

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