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Imaging and endoscopic tools in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: What’s new?

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第1期13卷 7-13页

作者： Alexandra s.hudson Ghassan T Wahbeh Hengqi Betty Zheng Department of Pediatrics University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98109United States

Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic inflammatory disorder,with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide.There have been recent advances in imaging and endoscopic technology for disease diagnosis,treatment,and monitoring.Intestinal ultrasound,including transabdominal,transperineal,and endoscopic,has been emerging for the assessment of transmural bowel inflammation and disease complications(e.g.,fistula,abscess).Aside from surgery,IBD-related intestinal strictures now have endoscopic treatment options including through-the-scope balloon dilatation,injection,and needle knife stricturotomy and new evaluation tools such as endoscopic functional lumen imaging probe.Unsedated transnasal endoscopy may have a role in patients with upper gastrointestinal Crohn’s disease or those with IBD with new upper gastrointestinal symptoms.Improvements to dysplasia screening in pediatric patients with longstanding colonic disease or primary sclerosing cholangitis hold promise with the addition of virtual chromoendoscopy and ongoing research in the field of artificial intelligence-assisted endoscopic detection.Artificial intelligence and machine learning is a rapidly evolving field,with goals of further personalizing IBD diagnosis and treatment selection as well as prognostication.This review summarized these advancements,focusing on pediatric patients with IBD.

关键词： Intestinal ultrasound Endoscopy Inflammatory bowel disease Pediatrics Imaging

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with potassium competitive acid blockers:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1213-1223页

作者： joseph Edwin Kanu Jonathan soldera Post Graduate Program at Acute Medicine and Gastroenterology University of South WalesCardiff CF371DLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infects over half the global population,causing gastrointestinal diseases like dyspepsia,gastritis,duodenitis,peptic ulcers,GMALT lymphoma,and gastric adenocarcinoma.Eradicating H.pylori is crucial for treating and preventing these conditions.While conventional proton pump inhibitor(PPI)-based triple therapy is effective,there’s growing interest in longer acid suppression therapies.Potassium competitive acid blocker(P-CAB)triple and dual therapy are new regimens for H.pylori eradication.Initially used in Asian populations,vonoprazan(VPZ)has been recently Food and Drug Administration-approved for H.pylori eradication.AIM To assess the efficacy of regimens containing P-CABs in eradicating H.pylori infection.METHODs This study,following PRIsMA 2020 guidelines,conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching MEDLINE and scopus libraries for randomized clinical trials(RCTs)or observational studies with the following command:[("Helicobacter pylori"OR"H pylori")AND("Treatment"OR"Therapy"OR"Eradication")AND("Vonaprazan"OR"Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker"OR"P-CAB"OR"PCAB"OR"Revaprazan"OR"Linaprazan"OR"soraprazan"OR"Tegoprazan")].studies comparing the efficacy of P-CABs-based treatment to classical PPIs in eradicating H.pylori were included.Exclusion criteria included case reports,case series,unpublished trials,or conference abstracts.Data variables encompassed age,diagnosis method,sample sizes,study duration,intervention and control,and H.pylori eradication method were gathered by two independent reviewers.Meta-analysis was performed in R software,and forest plots were generated.REsULTs A total of 256 references were initially retrieved through the search command.Ultimately,fifteen studies(7 RCTs,7 retrospective observational studies,and 1 comparative unique study)were included,comparing P-CAB triple therapy to PPI triple therapy.The intention-to-treat analysis involved 8049 patients,with 4471 in the P-CAB intervention group and 3578 in the PPI control group across th

关键词： Helicobacter pylori infection Potassium competitive acid blockers Proton pump inhibitors Vonoprazan Amoxicillin

Acute worsening of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus during rapid glycemic control:The pathobiology and therapeutic implications

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 311-317页

作者： Dania Blaibel Cornelius James Fernandez joseph M Pappachan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Faculty of science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

While chronic hyperglycaemia resulting from poorly controlled diabetes mellitus(DM)is a well-known precursor to complications such as diabetic retinopathy,neuropathy(including autonomic neuropathy),and nephropathy,a paradoxical intensification of these complications can rarely occur with aggressive glycemic management resulting in a rapid reduction of glycated haemoglobin.Although,acute onset or worsening of retinopathy and treatment induced neuropathy of diabetes are more common among these complications,rarely other problems such as albuminuria,diabetic kidney disease,Charcot’s neuroarthropathy,gastroparesis,and urinary bladder dysfunction are also encountered.The World Journal of Diabetes recently published a rare case of all these complications,occurring in a young type 1 diabetic female intensely managed during pregnancy,as a case report by Huret et al.It is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the pathobiology,prevalence,predisposing factors,and management strategies for acute onset,or worsening of microvascular complications when rapid glycemic control is achieved,which serves to alleviate patient morbidity,enhance disease management compliance,and possibly to avoid medico-legal issues around this rare clinical problem.This editorial delves into the dynamics surrounding the acute exacerbation of microvascular complications in poorly controlled DM during rapid glycaemic control.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Microvascular complications Diabetic retinopathy Treatment induced neuropathy of diabetes Diabetic nephropathy Charcot’s neuropathy

Exploring unconventional attributes of red blood cells and their potential applications in biomedicine

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Protein & Cell 2024年第5期15卷 315-330页

作者： Alkmini T.Anastasiadi Vasiliki-Zoi Arvaniti Krystalyn E.hudson Anastasios G.Kriebardis Constantinos stathopoulos Angelo D’Alessandro steven L.spitalnik Vassilis L.Tzounakas Department of Biochemistry School of MedicineUniversity of Patras26504 PatrasGreece Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew York CityNY 10032USA Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology(HemQcR) Department of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Health&Caring SciencesUniversity of West Attica(UniWA)12243 EgaleoGreece Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus13001 AuroraCOUSA Present address:Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research(IFBR) Biomedical Sciences Research Center“Alexander Fleming”Vari11527 AthensGreece

We need to talk about red blood cells.Eukaryotic cells are defined as cells containing distinct nuclei and other membranous organelles.However,red blood cells(RBCs)lack a nucleus and organelles—perhaps to limit the generation of reactive oxygen species(Zhang et al.,2011)—and are filled with hemoglobin(Hb).This oxygen carrier is limited to the cytosol by the cell membrane and cytoskeleton,which maintain cellular integrity and deformability as RBCs pass through narrow capillaries(Gratzer,1994)to perform their primary function of gas exchange.

关键词： al. membranous maintain

High-yield and rapid isolation of extracellular vesicles by flocculation via orbital acoustic trapping:FLOAT

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 313-323页

作者： joseph Rufo Peiran Zhang Zeyu Wang Yuyang Gu Kaichun Yang joseph Rich Chuyi Chen Ruoyu Zhong Ke Jin Ye He Jianping Xia Ke Li Jiarong Wu Yingshi Ouyang Yoel sadovsky Luke P.Lee Tony Jun Huang Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials science Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Department of Obstetrics Gynecologyand Reproductive SciencesMagee-Womens Research InstituteUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics School of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Bioengineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA Department of Biophysics Institute of Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonKorea

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have been identified as promising biomarkers for the noninvasive diagnosis of various diseases.However,challenges in separating EVs from soluble proteins have resulted in variable EV recovery rates and low purities.Here,we report a high-yield(>90%)and rapid(solation method called FLocculation via Orbital Acoustic Trapping(FLOAT).The FLOAT approach utilizes an acoustofluidic droplet centrifuge to rotate and controllably heat liquid droplets.By adding a thermoresponsive polymer flocculant,nanoparticles as small as 20 nm can be rapidly and selectively concentrated at the center of the droplet.We demonstrate the ability of FLOAT to separate urinary EVs from the highly abundant Tamm-Horsfall protein,addressing a significant obstacle in the development of EV-based liquid biopsies.Due to its high-yield nature,FLOAT reduces biofluid starting volume requirements by a factor of 100(from 20 mL to 200µL),demonstrating its promising potential in point-of-care diagnostics.

关键词： trapping utilize separating

Greening the Belt and Road Initiative: Evidence from emergy evaluation of China’s provincial trade with AsEAN countries

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Fundamental Research 2024年第2期4卷 379-393页

作者： Xu Tian joseph sarkis Wei Chen Yong Geng Haozhi Pan Zuoxi Liu sergio Ulgiati sJTU-UNIDO Joint Institute of Inclusive and sustainable Industrial Development School of International and Public AffairsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA 01609-2280USA school of Geography and Environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250358China school of International and Public Affairs Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning School of Energy and EnvironmentShenyang Aerospace UniversityShenyang 110136China Department of science and Technology Parthenope University of NapoliNaples 80143Italy school of Environment Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)is a central policy within China’s regional development and foreign trade strategy.Traditional trade has typically depended on economic valuation of resources,while the embedded environmental value is rarely considered.This situation exists in most BRI trade evaluations.To address BRI environmental sustainability issues,we consider the role of pivotal Chinese provinces and their key trade partners(AsEAN countries)as an illustration for the environmental value of resource exchanges.Emergy accounting is used as the valuation tool for a sample period of seventeen years.Key results include:(1)Emergy valuations show sustainability of sample provinces decreased over time;(2)AsEAN countries such as Indonesia,Malaysia,singapore,Thailand,and Vietnam play significant resource roles for provincial economic systems;(3)Diverse trends in trade between pivotal provinces and AsEAN countries resulted in an unbalanced trade structure from trade.Policy implications are proposed to promote a more globally sustainable and fair trade using BRI as an established trade policy.

关键词： International trade Emergy Belt and road initiative Environmental sustainability Province

Irrigation and Thermal Buffering Using Mathematical Modeling

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Journal of Environmental & Earth sciences 2024年第1期6卷 19-32页

作者： Yara Yasser Elborolosy Harsho sanyal joseph Cataldo The Albert Nerken school of Engineering at the Cooper Union New YorkNY 10003US

Two methods of irrigation,drip,and sprinkler were studied to determine the response of the Javits green roof to irrigation.The control study was dry unirrigated plots.Drip irrigation consisted of irrigation tubes running through the green roof that would water the soil throughout and sprinkler irrigation used a sprinkler system to irrigate the green roof from above.In all cases,the irrigated roofs had increased the soil moisture,reduced temperatures of both the upper and lower surfaces,reduced growing medium temperatures and reduced air temperatures above the green roof relative to the unirrigated roof.The buffered temperature fluctuations were also studied via air conditioner energy consumption.There was a 28%reduction in air conditioner energy consumption and a 33%reduction in overall energy consumption between dry and irrigated plots.Values of thermal resistance or s were determined for accuracy and for this study,there was little change which is ideal.A series of infra-red and thermal probe measurements were used to determine temperatures in the air and sedum.It was determined that the sprinkler irrigation did a better job than the drip irrigation in keeping cooler temperatures within the green roof.A Mann-Whitney U test was performed to verify the variation in moisture temperatures buffering energy consumption.By getting a p-values that the model is accurate for prediction and medium temperatures were statistically different.

关键词： Green roofs Irrigation Drip sprinkler Thermal buffering

Understanding the oxidation chemistry of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)sheets and their catalytic performances

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 437-445,I0010页

作者： suvdanchimeg sunderiya selengesuren suragtkhuu solongo Purevdorj Tumentsereg Ochirkhuyag Munkhjargal Bat-Erdene Purevlkham Myagmarsereejid Ashley Dslattery Abdulaziz sRBati joseph Gshapter Dorj Odkhuu sarangerel Davaasambuu Munkhbayar Batmunkh Department of Chemistry Division of Natural SciencesSchool of Arts and SciencesNational University of MongoliaUlaanbaatar 14200Mongolia Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityNathan campusBrisbaneQueensland 4111Australia Department of Physics Incheon National UniversityIncheon 22012Republic of Korea Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia Adelaide Microscopy The University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia 5005Australia Centre for Organic Photonics&Electronics School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia

Transition metal carbides and nitrides(MXenes)nanosheets are attractive two-dimensional(2D)materials,but they suffer from oxidation/degradation issues during storage and/or applications due to their sensitivity to water and oxygen.Despite the great research progress,the exact oxidation kinetics of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)and their final products after oxidation are not fully understood.Herein,we systematically tracked the oxidation process of few-layer Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) nanosheets in an aqueous solution at room temperature over several weeks.We also studied the oxidation effects on the electrocatalytic properties of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) for hydrogen evolution reaction and found that the overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)increases from 0.435 to 0.877 V after three weeks of degradation,followed by improvement to stabilized values of around 0.40 V after eight weeks.These results suggest that severely oxidized MXene could be a promising candidate for designing efficient catalysts.According to our detailed experimental characterization and theoretical calculations,unlike previous studies,black titanium oxide is formed as the final product in addition to white Ti(IV)oxide and disordered carbons after the complete oxidation of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x).This work presents significant advancements in better understanding of 2D Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)oxidation and enhances the prospects of this material for various applications.

关键词： 2D materials MXene Chemical degradation Catalysis Hydrogen evolution reaction

Modelling and Characterization of Basalt/Vinyl Ester/siC Micro-and Nano-hybrid Biocomposites Properties Using Novel ANN–GA Approach

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 938-952页

作者： Yesudhasan Thooyavan Lakshmi Annamali Kumaraswamidhas Robinson Dhas Edwin Raj joseph selvi Binoj Bright Brailson Mansingh Antony sagai Francis Britto Alamry Ali Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad(ISM)DhanbadJharkhand826004India Gati shakti Vishwavidyalaya(GsV-A Central University Funded By GoI in the Ministry of Railways) LalbaugVadodaraGujarat390004India Institute of Mechanical Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)Saveetha UniversityChennaiTamilnadu602105India Metal Joining Research Centre Department of Mechanical EngineeringSri Ramakrishna Engineering CollegeCoimbatoreTamilnadu641022India Department of Mechanical Engineering Rohini College of Engineering and TechnologyPalkulamTamil Nadu629401India Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering in Al-KharjPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University11942Al-KharjSaudi Arabia

Basalt fiber reinforcement in polymer matrix composites is becoming more and more popular because of its environmental friendliness and mechanical qualities that are comparable to those of synthetic fibers.Basalt fiber strengthened vinyl ester matrix polymeric composite with filler addition of nano-and micro-sized silicon carbide(siC)element spanning from 2 weight percent to 10 weight percent was studied for its mechanical and wear properties.The application of Artificial Neural Network(ANN)to correlate the filler addition composition for optimum mechanical properties is required due to the non-linear mechanical and tribological features of composites.The stuffing blend and composition of the composite are optimized using the hybrid model and Genetic Algorithm(GA)to maximize the mechanical and wear-resistant properties.The predicted and tested ANN–GA optimal values obtained for the composite combination had a tensile,flexural,impact resilience,hardness and wear properties of 202.93 MPa,501.67 MPa,3.460 J/s,43 HV and 0.196 g,respectively,for its optimum combination of filler and reinforcement.It can be noted that the nano-sized siC filler particle enhances most of the properties of the composite which diversifies its applications.The predicted mechanical and wear values of the developed ANN–GA model were in closer agreement with the experimental values which validate the model.

关键词： Hybrid polymer composite Prediction Process modelling Artificial neural networks Genetic algorithm