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Assessment of Lindane and Atr.zine r.sidues in Maize Pr.duced in Ghana Using Gas Chr.matogr.phy-Electr.n Captur. Detector.(GC-ECD) and Gas Chr.matogr.phy-Mass Spectr.metr. (GC-MS)

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Jour.al of Envir.nmental Pr.tection 2015年第10期6卷 1105-1117页

作者： Elvis D. Miensah joseph r. fianko Sam Adu-Kumi School of Nuclear.and Allied Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana NNr./GAEC Accra Ghana Chemicals Contr.l and Management Centr. Environmental Protection Agency Accra Ghana

Maize is consumed by over.95% of the Ghanaian populace and the pr.ctice of using Atr.zine and Lindane (an Or.anochlor.ne) pesticides in its pr.duction has r.ised concer.s about potential adver.e effects on human health and the envir.nment. A field sur.ey was conducted in this study to assess far.er.’ knowledge of safe handling and use of these chemicals as well as toxicity awar.ness and symptoms among far.er. and tr.der.. r.sidues of these pesticides in maize samples as well as the potential health r.sk associated with exposur. to them wer. also evaluated. Composite maize samples wer. collected for.nine of ten r.gions in Ghana and analyzed. Data obtained fr.m the field sur.ey indicate that a lar.e pr.por.ion of far.er. ar. at r.sk of pesticide poisoning thr.ugh occupational exposur.. Over.80% of applicator. do not apply safety pr.cautions dur.ng pesticide mixing and application;r.sulting in consider.ble pr.valence of pesticide r.lated illnesses in the study ar.a. r.sidues of Lindane and atr.zine wer. below detection limits of 0.005 mg/kg and 0.010 mg/kg r.spectively;except in the Ashanti r.gion wher. atr.zine was 0.05 mg/kg which was within the EU-Mr. of 0.1 mg/kg. However. minute concentr.tions of other.Or.anochlor.nes (endr.n—0.007 mg/kg;heptachlor.0.023 mg/kg;alpha-endosulfan—0.013 mg/kg) wer. found in maize samples fr.m Br.ng Ahafo, easter., centr.l and upper.west r.gions. Though endr.n and alpha-endosulfan wer. below the EU-Mr. of 0.01 mg/kg and 0.10 mg/kg r.spectively, heptachlor.was slightly above the EU-Mr. of 0.01 mg/kg. The estimated dose for.all these pesticides however.does not pose dir.ct hazar. to human health although pr.sent in the maize samples since the values wer. lower.than toxic thr.sholds and r.fer.nce doses. However. due to the unsafe application pr.ctices by applicator., ther. exists a potential r.sk for.systemic and car.inogenic health effects by these chemicals in the study ar.a.

关键词： Ghana Lindane Atr.zine Or.anochlor.nes Health r.sk

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Agr.chemicals and the Ghanaian Envir.nment, a r.view

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Jour.al of Envir.nmental Pr.tection 2011年第3期2卷 221-230页

作者： joseph r. fianko Augustine Donkor.Samuel T. Lowor.Philip O. Yeboah 不详

Agr.chemicals ar. gener.lly r.cognized as a significant factor.in enhancing the ability to meet Ghana’s need for.sufficient, safe and affor.able food and fiber. however. incr.ased usage have led to envir.nmental deter.or.tion. In Ghana agr.cultur. and public health sector. r.main the major.contr.butor. of pollutants into the envir.nment. This is a systematic r.view of studies done in Ghana to give an integr.ted pictur. of agr.chemicals especially pesticides exposur. to humans, animals, plants, water. soil/sediment and atmospher. in Ghana. Although the widespr.ad usage of agr.chemicals in Ghana has contr.buted immensely to incr.ased food supply and impr.vement in public health, it has caused tr.mendous har. to the envir.nment. Water.bodies, fish, vegetables, food, soil and sediment have been found to be pesticide contaminated. Ther. is consider.ble evidence that far.er. have over.sed agr.chemicals especially pesticides. It is evident fr.m biological monitor.ng studies that far.er. ar. at higher.r.sk for.acute and chr.nic health effects associated with pesticides due to occupational exposur.. Fur.her.or. the intensive use of pesticides involves a special r.sk of for.field wor.er., consumer. and unacceptable r.sidue levels in expor.able pr.ducts may ser.e as bar.ier.to inter.ational tr.de. This r.view will set the futur. cour.e of action of differ.nt studies on agr.chemical usage and pesticide exposur. in Ghana.

关键词： Ghana Agr.chemicals Envir.nment Pollution Exposur.

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Hydr.chemical and Isotopic Char.cter.sation of Gr.undwater. in the Easter. r.gion of Ghana

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Jour.al of Water.r.sour.e and Pr.tection 2010年第3期2卷 199-208页

作者： Samuel Y. Ganyaglo Br.ce Banoeng-Yakubo Shiloh Osae Samuel B. Dampar. joseph r. fianko Mohammad A. H. Bhuiyan 不详

Major.ions and stable isotopes of gr.undwater.in the Cape Coast gr.nitoid complex (G1) and Lower.Bir.mian (LB) for.ations in the Easter. r.gion of Ghana wer. evaluated to establish the sour.e of r.char.e to the gr.undwater.system. Five major.hydr.chemical facies wer. identified in the var.ous r.cks in the study ar.a. They ar. calcium-magnesium-bicar.onate, sodium bicar.onate, sodium chlor.de and calcium chlor.de water. and mixed or.non dominant water.type. Sodium chlor.de and calcium chlor.de water. dominate aqui-fer. of the Cape Coast gr.nitoid complex wher.as calcium-magnesium-bicar.onate is the dominant hydr.-chemical facies in the Lower.Bir.mian aquifer.. The most pr.bable geochemical pr.cess r.sponsible for.the evolution of these hydr.chemical facies is dissolution of miner.ls in the var.ous r.ck types. Stable isotope composition of the gr.undwater. established that the r.char.e to the gr.undwater.system is der.ved fr.m r.infall.

关键词： Hydr.chemistr. Isotopes Gr.undwater Ghana

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Application of Multivar.ate Analysis for.Identification of Pollution Sour.es in the Densu Delta Wetland in the Vicinity of a Landfill Site in Ghana

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Jour.al of Water.r.sour.e and Pr.tection 2010年第12期2卷 1020-1029页

作者： Juliet Osei Fr.nk Kwakyi Nyame Thomas Kaku Ar.ah Shiloh Kwabena Osae Samuel Boakye Dampar. joseph r.chmond fianko Dickson Adomako Nash Bentil 不详

Sur.ace water.samples collected fr.m var.ous sites in the Densu delta wetland, Ghana, wer. analyzed for.pH, temper.tur., TDS, EC, tur.idity, TSS, alkalinity, HCO3-, BOD, COD, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl, SO42-, PO4-P, NO3-N, Cr. Pb, Cd, Cu, Co and Fe using titr.tion and Atomic Absor.tion Spectr.meter.(AAS). Multivar.ate statistical analyses such as cluster.analysis (CA) and pr.ncipal component analysis (PCA) wer. used to identify heavy metal pollution in the wetland ar.a. r.sults fr.m CA and PCA suggest positive r.lationships between the two analyses. Linear.cor.elation analysis done also suggests similar.r.lationships. Heavy metals wer. identified as or.ginating fr.m a common sour.e in all the analyses. The hydr.chemistr. of the ar.a appear. to have been influenced, to a lar.e extent, by dissolution/pr.cipitation as well as numer.us but subsistence small-scale agr.cultur.l activities that take place in the wetland envir.nment.

关键词： Densu Delta Wetland Sur.ace Water Pollution Cluster Analysis (CA) Pr.ncipal Component Analysis (PCA)

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