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Antioxidant activity of dichloromethane fraction of Dichrocephala integrifolia in Salmonella typhi-infected rats

Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第6期17卷 438-445页

作者： Gaetan Olivier Fankem Michel Archange Fokam Tagne Paul Aime Noubissi Angèle Foyet Fondjo Idrice Kamtchouing Adela Ngwewondo Henri Wambe joseph ngakou mukam Rene Kamgang Animal Physiology Laboratory Faculty of ScienceUniversity of YaoundéI237Cameroon Department of Biological Science Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Ngaoundéré237Cameroon Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Buea237Cameroon Department of Applied Sciences for Health Higher Institute of Applied SciencesUniversity Institute of Gulf of Guinea237Cameroon Laboratory of Endocrinology and Radioisotopes Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies(IMPM)Yaoundé237Cameroon Department of Biological Science Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Dschang237Cameroon

Objective: Infectious diseases such as typhoid fever lead to the formation of free radicals which can damage the body. Many medicinal plants have antioxidant molecules that neutralize free radicals. The present work evaluated the antioxidant activity and histopathological effects of the dichloromethane fraction of Dichrocephala integrifolia in Salmonella typhi-infected ***: The S. typhi-infected rats concurrently received daily doses of D. integrifolia extract at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight or ciprofloxacin(5 mg/kg body weight) for 15 days. Body temperature was measured daily during infection and treatment periods. At the end of treatment period, the animals were sacrificed and biological responses including hematological parameters, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and glutathione, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentrations were ***: The elevated body temperature induced by infection was significantly decreased in animals treated with 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg of the extract. Platelet levels decreased slightly in infected rats, while treatment with the dichloromethane fraction of D. integrifolia significantly increased platelet levels;this response was greater than that elicited by ciprofloxacin. The doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg of the dichloromethane fraction of D. integrifolia notably decreased monocyte and neutrophil values. Activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase and levels of glutathione in the tissues of treated animals were increased significantly(P < 0.01), while malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were significantly decreased(P < 0.01), following treatment with the dichloromethane fraction of D. ***: The results of this study show that the dichloromethane fraction of D. integrifolia has protective effects against a series of pathological conditions initiated by oxidation and tissue damage in the course of a S. typhi infection.

关键词： Typhoid fever Salmonella typhi Dichrocephala integrifolia Antioxidant stress Hematology

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Prevalence of Enteric Pathogens Associated with Infections among Table Egg Consumers in Some Primary Health Establishments in the Center Region of Cameroon

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 606-619页

作者： Mariane Lucie Ngueguim Bernard Viban Tangwa Victor Ngu Ngwa Albert ngakou Abdoulmoumini Mamoudou School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

Method: In Cameroon limited data are available regarding the prevalence of enteric bacteria associated with table egg consuming infections. As such, a situational-based study was performed in patients with complains of stomach disorders after egg consumption. Data related to sociodemographic characteristics and other factors were collected using a structured based questionnaire. Stool culture of utmost importance in stomach disorders patients and serum were collected for typhoid serological test. Results: A total of 207 participants took part in the survey, Results indicated nontyphoidal Salmonella infections were highest in the 3 areas of study with Mfoundi (73.44%) having the highest level of infection compared to other bacterial infection. other enteric bacteria associated to this infection were E. coli serotype 157, Aeromonas, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloaca and typhi salmonella. Meanwhile salmonelosis caused by typhic salmonella had highest prevalence in the Lekie Division (13.11%) as a result of poor hygienic practices associated with the conservation and preparation of eggs, Stool culture was observed to detect more positive cases in the diagnosis of typhoid fever than Widal test, but with no statistically significant (p > 0.05) difference between the stool culture and Widal test in the 3 areas of study. Conclusion: this study revealed that egg consumers are pruned to enteric bacterial and salmonella infections depending on how and where egg is consumed.

关键词： Enteric Pathogens Table Eggs Consumption Center Region Cameroon

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Habitat components and population density drive plant litter consumption by Eudrilus eugeniae(Oligochaeta)under tropical conditions

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第2期16卷 255-269页

作者： Michel Mathurin KAMDEM Albert ngakou Nicolas YANOU NJINTANG Patricks VOUA OTOMO Department of Zoology&Entomology University of the Free State–QwaQwa CampusPhuthaditjhabaRepublic of South Africa Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of NgaoundereNgaoundereRepublic of Cameroon

The ingestion of organic and mineral materials by earthworms is a prominent functional role that has profound consequences for the decomposition and stabilization of soil organic *** investigate the litter consumption of the African nightcrawler earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae under different tropical conditions,we used DNA barcoding to identify specimens of *** collected from sites across the Adamawa region in Cameroon,and studied the influence of habitat suitability(soil properties),soil moisture,litter type,and population density on litter consumption.A total of four litter consumption experiments were carried out using soils collected from refuse disposal sites,agricultural lands,and savannahs dominated by the Mexican sunflower Tithonia *** results revealed that litter consumption significantly increased in the refuse disposal and agricultural soils as opposed to the Mexican sunflower(***)soil,a cow dung enriched substrate,and a sterile soil horizon from the savannah(P0.05).We observed a general positive density-dependent consumption with litter mass loss increasing with increasing *** results suggest that *** has a strong direct effect on the decomposition of plant materials than expected from previous estimations,and that litter consumption rates are determined by several habitat components and population density.

关键词： consumption rate DNA barcoding Eudrilus eugeniae habitat suitability tropical area

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Changes in Some Nutritional and Mineral Components of Nerica Rice Varieties as Affected by Field Application with Mycorrhiza and Chemical Fertilizer in Northern Cameroon

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2017年第8期8卷 823-839页

作者： Maurice Gandebe Albert ngakou Robert Ndjouenkeu Institute of Research for Agricultural Development (IRAD) Ngaoundere Cameroon Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon National High School of Agro-Industrial Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

Rice as staple food is the most important and valuable cereal crop in Cameroon, particularly in rural areas where poor population cannot afford to cook and eat at their convenience. With the outbreak of Nerica varieties, it is important to evaluate and compare their nutritional and mineral properties to those of the local ones prior to their vulgarisation. Therefore, some nutritional and mineral properties of 4 Nerica and a local seeds varieties used in this study were harvested from control (T0), chemical fertilizer (TE), mycorrhiza (TM) applied plants, or their mixture (TEM). These seeds originating from Wakwa and/or Yagoua experimental sites were assessed and compared in a split-plot design (4 × 5) × 3 between treatments (4) and varieties (5). The local DIR-95 variety had values close to those of Nerica varieties in all the parameters assessed. Protein contents ranged from 17.66% - 24.35%, and was higher than those reported in rice samples elsewhere. All the studied varieties were classified as high amylose rice, and therefore, their textures in cooked form should be less sticky and harder, which is convenient to the diet behavior of many consumers. The relative low Fe content in Nerica rice suggest that these varieties may be resistant to Fe accumulation in seeds. The P, N, Mg contents were found to be more elevated in seeds harvested from mycorrhiza or chemical fertilizer applied plants, with Nerica seeds variety FKR62-N as the best of all in nutrients mineral and nutritional compositions. These results confirm varietal and site influences on proximate and mineral contents in the studied rice varieties.

关键词： Nerica Rice Mycorrhiza Nutritional Properties Mineral Contents Chemical Fertilizer

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Influence of Cross-Inoculation on Groundnut and Bambara Groundnut-<i>Rhizobium</i>Symbiosis: Contribution to Plant Growth and Yield in the Field at Sarh (Chad) and Ngaoundere (Cameroon)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第8期8卷 1953-1966页

作者： Doloum Gomoung Mbaiguinam Mbailao Steve Takoukam Toukam Albert ngakou Department of Biology and Geology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Sarh Sarh Chad Laboratory Research Laboratory on Natural Substances University of N'Djamena N'Djamena Chad Department of Biology Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

In the context of sustainable research aiming at improving seed yield and maintaining soil fertility, a study on cross-inoculation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verd.) with rhizobia strains from four crop legumes was carried out at Sarh (Chad) and Ngaoundere (Cameroon). The experiment was conducted in each site following a randomized complete block design with 6 treatments known as the control, and 5 cross-inoculation formulations (RA, RN, RS, RV and MR), each of which was replicated thrice. Results obtained show that cross-inoculation contributed to the improvement of growth (plant sizes and biomasses) of the two crop legumes, as well as their seed yield at harvest. The enhanced yield expressed in kg/ha varied from 9.83% to 63.73% for groundnut and 72.71% for Bambara groundnut. These findings suggest that groundnut and Bambara groundnut do have a symbiotic affinity with rhizobia from other crop legumes. Whereas Groundnut, Cowpea, Soybean, Bambara groundnut rhizobia (GR, CR, SR, BR) alone, and the fourth in a mixture (RM) could be used to help improving groundnut seed yields;this mixture would not be indicated for intensive cultivation of Bambara groundnut later.

关键词： Bambara Groundnut Groundnut Growth Rhizobia Cross-Inoculation Yield Chad Cameroon

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Field Evaluation of Growth and Yield of Two Local Rice Varieties (Tox-728-1 and Madjitolngar) in Response to Indogenous Mycorrhizal Inoculation in South-Chad

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第8期11卷 1175-1192页

作者： Yoradi Nadjilom Steve Takoukam Toukam Minista Issa Albert ngakou Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Cereal Office Garoua Cameroon

This study was carried out to find out how dependent are two local rice varieties (Magitolngar and Tox-728-1) to inoculation with selected endogenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in a field where they were isolated. The multi-indigenous endomycorrhiza spores previously isolated and identified were the active ingredient in the production of bioinoculants used for this purpose. Spores massively multiplied from the rhizosphere of each rice variety in each of the four locally collected soils substrates were harvested to constitute 08 AMF inoculants (Kema = T1;Lama = T2;Latox = T3;Ndjatox = T4;Koloma = T5;Kolotox = T6;Ndjama = T7;Ketox = T8). These inoculants were field tested on the two rice varieties at Kelo, under a complete randomized block design, comprising 10 treatments (8 inoculants, 01 positive control = T9, 01 negative control = T10), each of which was repeated thrice. The analysis of data indicates that AMF-inoculated plants were taller, developed more tillers/plant, and produced more rice grains/panicle than non-AMF-inoculated plants for both studied rice varieties. The rice variety Madjitolngar yielded more grains (7.5 t/ha) than the Tox-728-1 variety (5.8 t/ha). Moreover, inoculants Koloma (T1), Latox (T3) and Kolotox (T6) on the one hand, Koloma (T1) and Ketox (T8) on the other hand, were best suited for the improvement of growth and yield of the rice varieties Madjitolngar and Tox-728-1 respectively, tested under field conditions at Kelo. In this study, the two rice varieties have shown a dependency to endomycorrhizal symbiosis at Kelo, and therefore, an industrial-scale production of efficient endomycorrhal inoculants is nece

关键词： Endomycorrhiza Inoculants Grain Growth and Yield Maditolngar and Tox-728-1 Rice Variety Chad

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Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Boreholes and Hand Dug Wells Water in Ngaoundere Municipality of Adamawa Region in Cameroon

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第7期9卷 629-645页

作者： Bernard Viban Tangwa Horline Keubou Emmanuel N. Nfor Albert ngakou Institute of Agricultural Research for Development Ngaoundere Cameroon Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Chemistry University of Buea Buea SWR Cameroon

Uncontrolled uses of antibiotics have led to rapid evolution of antibiotic-resistance bacteria and antibiotic resistance gene transfer, especially in a pool of aquatic system where resistance, intermediate and susceptible bacteria to some antibiotics strive together. Consequently, there is a transfer of resistance genes. In this study, bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family and some gram positive bacteria isolated from some boreholes and hand dug wells water of public use were tested on 19 antibiotics of different classes. This was achieved through a disk diffusion technique to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of the said bacteria, microbial resistance index of the drugs used (and their ability to produce Beta-lactamase). These isolates were shown to demonstrate a very high resistance to the drugs used in the area. The resistance was highest in Escherichia coli 1 (73.68%) and lowest in Streptococcus pneumoniae (47.82%). These isolates also indicated very high levels of multi-drug resistance. The minimum resistance index was 0.47, indicating that bacteria isolates were of fecal origin. It is evident from the present study that multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria can thrive in water as an environmental reservoir, and can therefore provide a route to multidrug-resistant pathogens to enter human and animal population.

关键词： Boreholes Wells Drug Resistance Bacteria Microbial Resistance Index

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Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of Soybean-Associated Rhizobia and Effect of Their Liquid Inoculant Formulation on Nodulation of Host Plants in the Cameroon Cotton Fields Zone

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第7期14卷 812-827页

作者： Gilbert Rongoumi Souleymanou Adamou Yoradi Nadjilom Doloum Gomoung Takoukam Steve Toukam Albert ngakou Deptartment of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Deptartment of Crop Sciences Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Soil Microbiology Laboratory Biotechnology Center University of Yaoundé 1 Yaounde Cameroon Deparment of Biology Faculty of Exacts and Applied Sciences University of Moundou Moundou Chad Deptartment of Biology Faculty of Science University of Sarh Sarh Chad

The aim of this research was to assess the diversity of the Cameroon cotton zone in soybean associated rhizobia in order to formulate the most efficient elite inoculant to boost both the cotton and soybean production. Therefore, soybean associated rhizobia were isolated and characterized morphologically, physiologically and biochemically on YEMA culture media. For each of the two soybean varieties (Houla1 and TGX1910 14F) used, the trials were laid out in two IRAD-fields of North Cameroon (Sanguere-Paul) and Far-North (Soukoundou) respectively, under a complete randomized complete block design, the isolate formulations representing the treatments. The six isolated strains (IS1, IS2, IS3, IS4, IS5, IS6) from which seven liquid inoculant were formulated were revealed to belong to the same slow growing group of rhizobia, with a high level of tolerance to temperature, pH, and salinity, with optimum growth at respectively 28˚C, pH (7 - 9), salt (1% - 5%). Not surprisingly, root nodules were formed by both inoculated and uninoculated soybean plants. However, the most efficient soybean-rhizobia symbiosis for nodulations were isolate IS6 associated to TGX1910 14F variety, and isolate IS5 associated to Houla1variety at Sanguere-Paul. Whereas isolate M was associated to TGX1910 14F variety, Houla 1 variety had affinity with native rhizobia isolates at Soukoundou. The present results suggest the adaptability of rhizobia isolates to a particular soybean variety at a particular cotton fields zone. These findings should be taken into consideration for commercial inoculant formulation.

关键词： Isolation Morphologic Characterization Soybean-Associated Rhizobia Nodulation Cameroon Cotton Zone

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Agronomic Performances of Compost Associated with Pollinating Insects on the Growth and Yield of Glycine max (L.) Merril under Field Conditions

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第3期12卷 175-197页

作者： Mohamadou Moussa Kengni Beaudelaine Stephanie Steve Takoukam Toukam Albert ngakou Tchuenguem Fohouo Fernand-Nestor Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Pathologies School of Science and Veterinary Medicine University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

Soybean is an oilseed crop legume cultivated for its benefits as a source of protein to human or animal food. The cultivation of soybean will promote the diversification of income sources for rural population. Like other crops, soybean flowers are visited by insects. It is expected that within the biodiversity conservation program, anthophilous insects including bees, generally increase fruit and seed yields of many plant species. Therefore, the effect of insect pollinators and compost on growth and yield parameters of Glycine max was assessed for two cropping seasons (2018 and 2019) in the field. The experiment was set up in a complete randomized block design with three treatments: subplots applied with compost;subplots applied with fertilizer-NPK;subplots applied neither with compost, nor with fertilizer-NPK. Two other treatments were designed by plants with flowers protected against insects or flowers pollination free. Results indicate that root nodules formed by soybean plants in plots that received compost were significantly higher (P G. max flowers respectively. Lipotriches collaris was the most insect species frequently observed in the field, with 44.20% and 43.34% visits yearly respectively. The synergistic effect of insects and compost increased the number of seeds per pod by 28.27% and the percentage of normal seeds by 24.47%. Hence, applying Glycine max seeds at sowing with compost and in an environment with hives close to field could be recommended in agricultural development programs of farmers for a sustainable improvement of pods and seed yield of this valuable crop.

关键词： Soybean Lipotriches collaris Compost Pollination Yields

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Plants Extracts and a Mycoinsecticide in Cowpea Yield Improvement in Guinean Savanah and Sahelian Savanah Agro-Ecological Zones of Cameroun

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第8期14卷 1038-1052页

作者： Raoul Borkeum Barry Katamssadan Haman Tofel Jean Wini Goudoungou François Ndosinvian Vandi Manuele Tamò Albert ngakou Elias Nchiwan Nukenine Department of Life Sciences Higher Teacher Training College University of Bertoua Bertoua Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundéré Cameroon International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Cotonou Benin

Cowpea yield improvement is done by adding agricultural inputs. The use of natural substances as pesticides is being encouraged to fight against cowpea field pests. The pesticidal potentials of Azadirachta indica and Boswellia dalzielii water extracts, Metarhizium anisopliae, alone and in combination with plant extracts, and a commercial synthetic pesticide (Decis®) were tested in field on two varieties of cowpeas, Vigna unguiculata in two agroecological zones (Guinean Savanah and Sahelian Savanah) of Cameroon. The field trials were carried out in a full randomized block design including nine treatments and a control. Four replications were made concerning the different treatments and control. At the flowering stage, the cowpea field was sprayed three times with different pesticidal formulations at the interval of five days. The number of ramifications per plant, and that of pods per block and seed yield were determined. The pesticide formulations considerably (p ®). Bafia variety treated with the combination of M. anisopliae and A. indica recorded the highest ramification rate (37.03 ± 1.59) in Maroua (Sahelian Savanah). The same variety also produced more important pods number (90.50 ± 16.66) in Ngaoundere (Guinean Savanah) with the binary combination of two plants used in this experiment. The highest seed yield (44.23 ± 2.31) was recorded in Ngaoundere with B125 variety treated with the combination of the three pesticidal formulations separately (A. indica, B. dalzielii, M. anisopliae). The plant products used in this work, M. anisopliae and their mixtures could supersede the synthetic pesticides considering environmental issue in cowpea crop protection. Then, such formulations would not only improve crop productivity but also preserve environment from the pollution due to the use of synthetic residual chemicals.

关键词： Azadirachta indica Boswellia dalzielii Metarhizium anisopliae Vigna unguiculata Varieties Yield

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