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Study of the Biological Quality of the Water in the Manantali Dam Reservoir: Analysis of the Fish Fauna and Plankton Communities

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 100-114页

作者： joseph Mbeur Faye Saïdou Ndao Louis Eugène Victor Sambou Laboratory of Water and Environment Sciences and Technologies (LaSTEE) Polytechnic School of Thies (EPT) Thies Senegal UFR Sciences et Technologies (SET) University Iba Der Thiam of Thies (UIDT) Thies Senegal

The aim of this study of the Manantali dam reservoir is to investigate the biological quality of the water through inventories and analysis of the ichthyofauna and planktonic communities (zooplankton and phytoplankton). Inventories of ichthyofauna and plankton communities were carried out quarterly from 2003 to 2022. The fish populations studied on the basis of bioindicators (species richness, diversity index, equitability index, diversification index) identified 29 species belonging to 10 families. The Cichlidae family is the most represented, while the Schilbeidae and Tetraodontioae families are less represented in terms of number of species. The species Hydrocynus forskalii and Brycinus nurse with relative abundances of 40.12% and 21.4% respectively, both from the family Alestidae, are the most abundant. The species H. forskalii has a frequency of occurrence of 100%. The specific diversity index of 2.9 and the equitability index of 0.6 show an average diversity of fish species. The diversification index of 2.9 indicates a theoretical number of habitats of 2 to 3. The planktonic community is made up of zooplankton and phytoplankton. The inventory of zooplankton shows the presence of 28 zooplankton species belonging to 9 families of the three zooplankton groups Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda. Analysis of the frequencies of occurrence of the various taxa showed that the characteristic species of Lake Manantali are the omnipresent rotifers Keratella cochlearis, Keratella quadrata and Trichocerca chattoni. For phytoplankton, the inventories carried out show the presence of 65 species belonging to 5 families (Chlorophycees, Diatomees, Dinophycees, Chrysophycees and Cyanophycees). An analysis of the frequency of occurrence of the various taxa shows that the characteristic species of Lake Manantali are Chlorophycees, with 7 species: Desmidium baileyi, Micrasterias alata, Sphaerocystis schroeteri, Spondylosium sp., Staurastrum heimii, Staurastrum subanchora, Staurodesmu

关键词： Inventory Fish Zooplankton Phytoplankton Diversity Manantali

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Correlation of Rainfall Anomalies in Rwanda from September to December (SOND) with Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Events

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第6期12卷 115-134页

作者： Frank Rusanganwa Ling Zhang Jonah Kazora joseph Ndakize Sebaziga Samuel Ekwacu College of Atmospheric Science Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Rwanda Meteorology Agency (Meteo-Rwanda) Kigali Rwanda School of Science and Technology University of Rwanda Kigali Rwanda Uganda National Meteorological Authority (UNMA) Kampala Uganda

Understanding the relationship between rainfall anomalies and large-scale systems is critical for driving adaptation and mitigation strategies in socioeconomic sectors. This study therefore aims primarily to investigate the correlation between rainfall anomalies in Rwanda during the months of September to December (SOND) with the occurrences of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The study is useful for early warning and forecasting of negative effects associated with extreme rainfall anomalies across the country, using Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS), the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis sea surface temperature and ERA5 reanalysis datasets, during the period of 1983-2021. Both empirical orthogonal function (EOF), correlation analysis and composite analysis were used to delineate variability, relationship and the related atmospheric circulation between Rwanda seasonal rainfall September to December (SOND) with Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The results for Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) for the reconstructed rainfall data set showed three modes. EOF-1, EOF-2 and EOF-3 with their total variance of 63.6%, 16.5% and 4.8%, Indian ocean dipole (IOD) events resulted to a strong positive correlation of rainfall anomalies and Dipole model index (DMI) (r = 0.42, p value = 0.001, DF = 37) significant at 95% confidence level. The composite analysis for the reanalysis dataset was carried out to show the circulation patterns during four different events correlated with September to December seasonal rainfall in Rwanda using T-test at 95% confidence level. Wind anomaly revealed that there was a convergence of south westerly winds and easterly wind over the study area during positive Indian Ocean Diploe (PIOD) and PIOD with El Nino concurrence event years. The finding of this study will cont

关键词： Correlation Rainfall Anomalies Rwanda Indian Ocean Dipole El Nino Southern Oscillation

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Radiation Dose from CT-Scan of Childhood’s Head: Results of the First Ivorian Survey in a Single Study Site

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第5期12卷 1725-1732页

作者： Koutoua joseph Anouan Adjoua Sonia Dje Idrissa Garba Yoh Esther Soro Nuclear Physics and Radiation Protection Team Training and Research Unit&#8212Sciences of the Structures of Matter and Technology University F&#233lix Houphouet-Boigny of Abidjan Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Department of Medical Pediatrics and Specialties University Hospital of Angr&#233 Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Department of Radiodiagnosis and Medical Imaging University Hospital of Angr&#233 Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the level of X-ray doses used in childhood’s head as Local Diagnostic Reference Levels (LDRLs) in computed tomography (CT) at a university hospital in Côte d’Ivoire. The Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) have been set up and used to prevent unusually high radiation doses used in radiology departments and is therefore an optimization tool for practices and procedures in medical X-ray imaging for the radiation protection of patients. Methods: A prospective study of volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) was performed on images of childhood’s head obtained from a CT-scanner of 64 bars equipped with the tube current modulation capability and manufactured by Hitachi Medical System. 122 CT-scan data from 55 childhood’s head were analyzed. The scan data were stratified in four age groups: Results: The 75th percentile of CTDIvol and DLP (set as LDRL) obtained with respect to the stratified age groups are: 22.5 mGy and 452.5 mGy∙cm, 27.7 mGy and 690.6 mGy∙cm, 28 mGy and 722.4 mGy∙cm, 33.6 mGy and 736.8 mGy∙cm respectively. These outcome values increase with respect to the age of pediatric patients and are comparable to DRLs values obtained internationally. Conclusions: Obtaining good image quality while using low dose in children’s head computed tomography for radiation protection require to setup more surveys in Côte d’Ivoire for regional and national DRL. We proposed through this survey LDRLs in terms of CTDIvol and DLP, comparable to international DRLs values. This survey will be strengthened by additional surveys in order to obtain national DRLs for the radiation protection of the child patient in Côte d’Ivoire.

关键词： Radiation Protection Computed Tomography Imaging Childhood Diagnostic Reference Levels

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Corchorus olitorius: A Promising Medicinal Plant in Southern Africa and Effects of Growing Conditions on Its Bioactive Compounds—A Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第6期12卷 255-274页

作者： Senewa Bobby Pholoma Gulelat Haki Goitseone Malambane Seoleseng Tshwenyane joseph Adjetey Crop and Soil Sciences Department Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources Gaborone Botswana Food Science and Technology Department Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources Gaborone Botswana

Corchorus olitorius (Jew’s mallow), is one of the African indigenous leafy vegetables increasingly getting attention as a possible contributor of both micronutrients and bioactive compounds including proteins, lipids, fiber and vitamin C to human nutrition. Leaves of Corchorus olitorius have been found to have high level of phytochemicals: flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and saponins that possess strong radical scavenging activity and antioxidant power. In the arid and semi-arid areas of the world, drought is the main limiting factor affecting plant productivity and influences almost all aspects of plant biology. Water stress deficit is known to cause oxidative stress condition that has generally been reported to elevate phenolic antioxidants in various crops including Jew’s mallow. On the other hand, fertilization is crucial for crop management and high yield, it also affects nutritional value of the food plants. Nitrogen (N) fertilization affects health and nutritional value, including mineral content, fatty acid profile, anti-oxidative capacity and polyphenol levels and composition. The possible effects of fertilization should be considered when deciding on fertilization regime, to optimize both plant physiology, productivity and food-related effects. Nitrogen is an important element for Jew’s mallow production since it responds well to it. However, appropriate amounts of nutrients need to be provided to crops at the right time to favor both crop growth, yield and quality. Different reports confirmed that addition or increase of N, negatively affects the total phenolics and total flavonoids, and reduces accumulation of defense-related secondary metabolites resulting in lower oxidative capacity. Increased secondary metabolite production during water deficit and low nitrogen in the soil has been reported as a stress mechanism by most plants. However, further research is required to explore the biochemical response of Jew’s mallow to water deficit and nitrogen fer

关键词： Jew’s Mallow Nitrogen Antioxidants Drought Minerals

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Evaluating the Impacts of Human Activities on Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution of Large Mammals in Nimule National Park, South Sudan

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第5期14卷 483-507页

作者： Abdallah Gordon Shazali joseph Mayindo Mayele Joel Emmanuel Saburi Jubara Nadlin Department of Wildlife College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies University of Juba Juba South Sudan Department of Environment and Natural Resources School of Forestry Environmental and Geographical Sciences College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Forestry College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies University of Juba Juba South Sudan Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

Globally, human activities have a significant impact on the diversity, abundance, and distribution of large mammals in Protected Areas (PAs). These disturbances increase human pressure on biodiversity and species habitats, highlighting the need for conservation. This study aimed to assess the abundance and distribution of large mammals in different habitat types within Nimule National Park (NNP) and understand the impacts of human activities on them. Data on the abundance and distribution of large mammals and their respective habitat types were collected through line transect surveys. Human activity signs were observed and recorded along the transect lines. To estimate the impacts of human activities on the diversity, abundance, and distribution of large mammal species, as well as to identify any significant differences between them and their habitat types, the study utilized the Kruskal Wallis test, Polynomial multiple regressions, and diversity indices. The findings from the Shannon-Weiner and Simpson indices indicated that large mammal species were more diverse inside the park (H’ = 1.136;D = 0.570) compared to the buffer zone (H’ = 0.413;D = 0.171), with 85% (443 out of 510 samples) recorded within Nimule National Park. The species abundance showed a semi-balanced status (0.58). The diversity results among different habitat types revealed that large mammals were more diverse and highly distributed in both open woodlands (244) and dense woodlands (192), while riverine vegetation had the lowest diversity (8). Statistical tests demonstrated a highly significant difference at a 99% confidence interval (p-value = 0.01) between habitat types and identified species of large mammals. Additionally, the results highlighted the high abundance of Uganda kob (274), baboons (141), and warthog (57) across most habitat types, accounting for at least 75% of their distribution. The most prevalent human activities observed were cattle footprints (27%) and cattle dung (14%). Human

关键词： Diversity of Large Mammals Abundance and Distribution Impacts Biodiversity Conservation Human Activities Nimule National Park South Sudan

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A Radial Basis Function Method with Improved Accuracy for Fourth Order Boundary Value Problems

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第7期12卷 2559-2573页

作者： Scott A. Sarra Derek Musgrave Marcus Stone joseph I. Powell Department of Mathematics Marshall University Huntington WV USA

Accurately approximating higher order derivatives is an inherently difficult problem. It is shown that a random variable shape parameter strategy can improve the accuracy of approximating higher order derivatives with Radial Basis Function methods. The method is used to solve fourth order boundary value problems. The use and location of ghost points are examined in order to enforce the extra boundary conditions that are necessary to make a fourth-order problem well posed. The use of ghost points versus solving an overdetermined linear system via least squares is studied. For a general fourth-order boundary value problem, the recommended approach is to either use one of two novel sets of ghost centers introduced here or else to use a least squares approach. When using either ghost centers or least squares, the random variable shape parameter strategy results in significantly better accuracy than when a constant shape parameter is used.

关键词： Numerical Partial Differential Equations Boundary Value Problems Radial Basis Function Methods Ghost Points Variable Shape Parameter Least Squares

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Performance Evaluation of Solar Chimney Draft: Application to Ventilation

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2024年第4期15卷 107-122页

作者： Boukaré Ouedraogo Adama Ouedraogo Arouna Kabore Kalifa Palm Dieudonné joseph Bahiebo Laboratoire dEnergies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO: UFR/SEA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Physique Spatiale et Energtique (LACAPSE) Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Kaya (CUP-Kaya) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire des Systmes dEnergie Renouvelable et Environnement Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Ventilation is one of the factors contributing to energy consumption in buildings and food preservation. The solar chimney proves to be an alternative for reducing conventional energy consumption. Thus, in this study, the performance of a solar chimney with two active faces for thermally drawing air from a chamber for preserving agri-food products was evaluated. These performances were experimentally assessed through data measurements: temperatures and velocities within the chimney, and their analysis using Excel and MATLAB. The obtained results were compared with those from literature to verify their validity. From this study, it is found that the maximum temperature at the chimney outlet reaches 49.4˚C with an average value of 43.7˚C. Additionally, the heating evolution of the chimney air presents four (04) identical phases in pairs, reflecting the chimney’s operation throughout day. The temperature difference between the outlet and inlet of the chimney reaches a maximum of 17˚C with an average of 12.6˚C. Regarding airflow, the maximum air velocity at the chimney outlet is 0.8 m/s, and the average velocities have consistently been greater than or equal to 0.46 m/s. Thus, it can be concluded that the solar chimney is capable of providing ventilation for the preservation chamber through thermal draft.

关键词： Solar Chimney Natural Ventilation Thermal Draft Airflow Chimney Effect

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Improvement of Mechanical Qualities of Clay Material through Coconut Fiber Stabilization

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2024年第7期15卷 201-212页

作者： Boukaré Ouedraogo Abdoulaye Compaore Moumouni Derra Kalifa Palm Dieudonné joseph Bahiebo Laboratoire dEnergies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire Chimie Analytique de Physique Spatiale et Energtique Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Institute de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies (IRSAT/CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Matriaux et Environnement (LAME) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The criticisms regularly formulated towards clay or soil, in general, are its weak mechanical qualities and low water quality. Therefore, it is necessary to find techniques to improve the properties of this material, which is widely used worldwide. Here, we propose stabilizing clay with coconut fiber as a solution to enhance its mechanical properties. To do this, we used an experimental method, first determining the geotechnical properties of the clay and then its mechanical properties. The geotechnical study using the Proctor Test revealed that the dry density of the clay is γb = 1.42 g/cm3, and its water content is W = 22.3%. By applying the rolling method, the Atterberg limits were determined: liquid limit Wl = 63.6, plastic limit Wp = 27.9, plasticity index Ip = 35.7, and consistency index Ic = 1.46. With 25 P = 35.7 1.3, according to the water classification, it falls into class A3ts. The mechanical part focused on compression and flexural strengths obtained using a PROETI hydraulic press. We obtained a flexural strength of 0.63 MPa for simple clay (BA);0.89 MPa for clay + 0.25% fiber (BAF1/4);1.68 MPa for clay + 0.5% fiber (BAF1/2);1.87 MPa for clay + 0.75% fiber (BAF3/4);and 3.91 MPa for clay + 1% fiber (BAF1). As for the compression strength, BA = 5.90 MPa, BAF1/4 = 6.395 MPa, BAF1/2 = 6.292 MPa, BAF3/4 = 6.065 MPa, and BAF1 = 5.423 MPa. The addition of fiber has thus improved the mechanical qualities of the simple clay. These stabilized bricks can be used for sustainable and bioclimatic construction, providing higher durability and good comfort.

关键词： Compression Strength Flexural Strength Coconut Fiber Clay Geotechnical Properties

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Rare Case of Large Anterior Meningocele Associated with Uterine Didelphys

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2024年第2期14卷 104-107页

作者： joseph Maalouly Matt Wilson Sanjay Adusumilli Vijidha Rajkumar Shanu Gambhir Department of Neurosurgery Norwest Private Hospital Bella Vista Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Norwest Private Hospital Bella Vista Australia Department of General Surgery Norwest Private Hospital Bella Vista Australia

We report a 27-year-old female who presented with abdominal distension, saddle anesthesia, and lower back pain. CT and MRI of the abdomen/spine were performed which showed a large anterior sacral meningocele occupying most of the pelvic and abdominal cavity and displacement of their respective contents. Anterior approach was chosen, uterine didelphys was identified and mobilized, meningocele identified and gentle drainage with subsequent resection of the cyst wall and watertight closure was achieved. Subsequent MRI demonstrated resolution of most the sacral meningocele. Patient symptoms improved and are doing well.

关键词： Sacral Agenesis Curarino Triad Large Meningocele

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Enhanced Dye Adsorption and Bacterial Removal of Magnetic Nanoparticle-Functionalized Bacterial Cellulose Acetate Membranes

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第9期12卷 1605-1624页

作者： Heru Suryanto Daimon Syukri Fredy Kurniawan Uun Yanuhar joseph Selvi Binoj Sahrul Efendi Fajar Nusantara Jibril Maulana Nico Rahman Caesar Komarudin Komarudin Centre of Advanced Material for Renewable Energy(CAMRY) Universitas Negeri MalangMalang65145Indonesia Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Universitas Negeri MalangMalang65145Indonesia Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology Faculty of Agricultural TechnologyAndalas UniversityPadang25163Indonesia Department of Chemistry Institut Teknologi Sepuluh NopemberSurabaya60111Indonesia Study Program of Aquatic Resources Management Faculty of Fisheries and Marine ScienceBrawijaya UniversityMalang65145Indonesia Institute of Mechanical Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)Saveetha UniversityChennai602105India Faculty of Vocational Universitas Negeri MalangMalang65145Indonesia

Utilizing biomass waste as a potential resource for cellulose production holds promise in mitigating environmental *** current study aims to utilize pineapple biowaste extract in producing bacterial cellulose acetate-based membranes with magnetic nanoparticles(Fe_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles)through the fermentation and esterification process and explore its *** bacterial cellulose fibrillation used a high-pressure homogenization procedure,and membranes were developed incorporating 0.25,0.50,0.75,and 1.0 wt.%of Fe3O4 nanoparticles as magnetic nanoparticle for *** membrane characteristics were measured in terms of Scanning Electron Microscope,X-ray diffraction,Fourier Transform Infrared,Vibrating Sample Magnetometer,antibacterial activity,bacterial adhesion and dye adsorption *** results indicated that the surface morphology of membrane changes where the bacterial cellulose acetate surface looks *** crystallinity index of membrane increased from 54.34%to 68.33%,and the functional groups analysis revealed that multiple peak shifts indicated alterations in membrane functional ***,adding Fe_(3)O_(4)-NPs into membrane exhibits paramagnetic behavior,increases tensile strength to 73%,enhances activity against *** and ***,and is successful in removing bacteria from wastewater of the river to 67.4%and increases adsorption for anionic dyes like Congo Red and Acid Orange.

关键词： Bacterial cellulose dye adsorption Fe3O4 nanoparticles membrane pineapple waste

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