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Diallel analyses of soluble sugar content in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ***.)

The Crop Journal 2017年第6期5卷 553-559页

作者： Maina Antoine Nassourou Tchiagam Jean Baptiste Noubissié Yanou Nicolas Njintang joseph martin bell Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundéré P.O. Box 454 Ngaoundéré Cameroon Department of Food Science and Nutrition ENSAI University of Ngaoundéré P.O. Box 455 Ngaoundéré Cameroon Genetics and Plant Breeding Unit Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I P.O. Box 812 Yaoundé Cameroon

The content of soluble sugar in cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) seeds is important for their acceptability to consumers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic control of soluble sugar content in cowpea using diallel analysis. For this purpose,half-diallel crosses were made among seven diverse parents. The amount of total soluble sugar was estimated by the phenol sulfuric acid reagent method and reducing sugar were measured by the DNS(3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid) reagent method. The total soluble sugar ranged from 11.12(VYA) to 40.79 mg g^(-1)(IT93 K-693-2) with a mean of 22.31 mg g^(-1).Reducing soluble sugar showed a mean value of 9.11 mg g^(-1) and ranged from 13.61(TVx3236) to 4.98 mg g^(-1)(Lori niebe). Diallel analysis showed that both additive and non-additive gene effects were significant in the genetic control of these traits. However,dominance variance was greater than additive variance for soluble sugar. The traits were controlled mainly by an overdominance model, suggesting the advantage of delaying selection to later generations. Soluble sugar content was found to be highly heritable, with broad-sense heritability ranging from 0.987 to 0.976. Narrow-sense heritability ranged from0.154 to 0.422 and revealed the lower importance of additive variance. Parents and F_1 hybrids differed significantly on the basis of their general and specific combining abilities,respectively. Recessive alleles had positive effects on total soluble sugar and reducing soluble sugar. These results could help cowpea breeders improve the acceptability of cowpea seeds and cowpea-based foods by appropriate selection.

关键词： Cowpea Genetic improvement Diallel analysis Soluble sugar

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Genetics of seed flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)

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The Crop Journal 2016年第5期4卷 391-397页

作者： Maina Antoine Nassourou Yanou Nicolas Njintang Tchiagam Jean-Baptiste Noubissié Richard Marcel Nguimbou joseph martin bell Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundéré Department of Food Science and Nutrition ENSAI University of Ngaoundéré Genetics and Plant Breeding Unit Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I

Information about the type of gene action governing the inheritance of cowpea seed flavonoid content and antioxidant activity is prerequisite for starting an effective breeding program for developing improved varieties. For this purpose, half-diallel crosses among seven diverse parents were made. The homozygous parents and 21 F1 hybrids were evaluated at Maroua in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Flour samples produced from decorticated seeds were used for biochemical analysis. Analysis of variance showed significant differences(P < 0.001) among genotypes for the studied traits with ranges of 363.6–453.9 mg rutin equivalent per 100 g dry weight(DW) for total flavonoids, 13.38–30.73 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per 1 g DW for ferric iron reducing activity, 70.98–266.93 mg trolox equivalent per 100 g DW for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, and 90.93–370.62 mg trolox equivalent per 100 g DW for 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS) free radical scavenging activity. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were significant in the genetic control of these traits, but dominance variance was greater than additive variance. The traits were mainly controlled by overdominance model suggesting a selection in the delayed ***- and narrow-sense heritability estimates varied from 0.90 to 0.99 and from 0.12 to 0.45,respectively. The variances due to both general and specific combining ability were highly significant for all studied traits. Recessive alleles had positive effects on DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities, whereas dominant alleles had positive effects on flavonoid content and ferric iron reducing activity. These results could help cowpea breeders to improve the antioxidant potential of cowpea seeds by appropriate selection.

关键词： Cowpea Genetic improvement Diallel analysis Antioxidant properties

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Genome Mapping to Enhance Efficient Marker-Assisted Selection and Breeding of the Oil Palm (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i>Jacq.)

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2021年第12期12卷 407-425页

作者： Essubalew Getachew Seyum Ngalle Hermine Bille Wosene Gebreselassie Abtew Godswill Ntsomboh-Ntsefong joseph martin bell Department of Plant Biology and Physiology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon CETIC (African Center of Excellence in Information and Communication Technologies) University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Jimma Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research for Development Yaounde Cameroon

The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the major cultivated crops among the economically important palm species. It is cultivated mainly for its edible oil. For a perennial crop like oil palm, the use of Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) techniques helps to reduce the breeding cycle and improve the economic products. Genetic and physical maps are important for sequencing experiments since they show the exact positions of genes and other distinctive features in the chromosomal DNA. This review focuses on the role of genome mapping in oil palm breeding. It assesses the role of genome mapping in oil palm breeding and discusses the major factors affecting such mapping. Generating a high-density map governed by several factors, for instance, marker type, marker density, number of mapped population, and software used are the major issues treated. The general conclusion is that genome mapping is pivotal in the construction of a genetic linkage map. It helps to detect QTL and identify genes that control quantitative traits in oil palm. In perspective, the use of high-density molecular markers with a large number of markers, a large number mapping population, and up-to-date software is necessary for oil palm genome mapping.

关键词： Genome Mapping Crop Improvement Marker Assisted Selection Oil Palm Biotechnology

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Application of near-infrared spectroscopy for fast germplasm analysis and classification in multi-environment using intact-seed peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第2期9卷 132-141页

作者： Fentanesh Chekole Kassie Gilles Chaix Hermine Bille Ngalle Maguette Seye Coura Fall Hodo-Abalo Tossim Aissatou Sambou Olivier Gibert Fabrice Davrieux joseph martin bell Jean-Francois Rami Daniel Fonceka Joel Romaric Nguepjop Department of Plant Biology and Physiology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Yaounde IYaoundeP.O.Box 337Cameroon Department of Plant Science College of AgricultureWolaita Sodo UniversitySodoP.O.Box 138Ethiopia CIRAD UMR AGAP InstitutMontpellierFrance AGAP Institut Univ MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance ChemHouse Research Group MontpellierFrance Centre D’Etudes Regional Pour L’Amelioration de L’Adaptation a La Secheresse(CERAAS/ISRA) Route de KhomboleThiesBP 3320Senegal Dispositif de Recherche et de Formation en Partenariat Innovation et Amelioration Varietale en Afrique de L’Ouest(IAVAO)CERAASRoute de KhomboleThiesBP 3320Senegal CIRAD UMR QUALISUDSaint PierreFrance

Peanut is a worldwide oilseed crop and the need to assess germplasm in a non-destructive manner is important for seed nutritional *** this study,Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIRS)was applied to rapidly assess germplasm variability from whole seed of 699 samples,field-collected and assembled in four genetic and environmentbased sets:one set of 300 varieties of a core-collection and three sets of 133 genotypes of an interspecific population,evaluated in three environments in a large spatial scale of two countries,Mbalmayo and Bafia in Cameroon and Nioro in Senegal,under rainfed *** elemental spectra were gathered on six subsets of seeds of each sample,after three rotation scans,with a spectral resolution of 16 cm-1over the spectral range of867 nm to 2530 *** were then processed by principal component analysis(PCA)coupled with Partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA).As results,a huge variability was found between varieties and genotypes for all NIR wavelength within and between *** magnitude of genetic variation was particularly observed at 11 relevant wavelengths such as 1723 nm,usually related to oil content and fatty acid *** yielded the most chemical attributes in three significant PCs(i.e.,eigenvalues>10),which together captured 93%of the total variation,revealing genetic and environment structure of varieties and genotypes into four clusters,corresponding to the four samples *** pattern of genetic variability of the interspecific population covers,remarkably half of spectrum of the core-collection,turning out to be the ***,a PLS-DA model was developed and a strong accuracy of 99.6%was achieved for the four sets,aiming to classify each seed sample according to environment *** confusion matrix achieved for the two sets of Bafia and Nioro showed 100%of instances classified correctly with 100%at both sensitivity and specificity,confirming that their seed quality was different f

关键词： Groundnut Oilseed Near infrared spectroscopy Germplasm analysis Environment Nutritional Breeding

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Morphogenesis of Oil Palm Fruit （Elaeis guineensis Jacq.） in Mesocarp and Endocarp Development

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Journal of Life Sciences 2013年第2期7卷 153-158页

作者： Hermine Bille Ngalle joseph martin bell Georges Franck Ngando Ebongue Lambert Nyobe Felix Chancelin Ngangnou Godswill Ntsefong Ntsomboh Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaound~ I Yaound~ Cameroon Specialized Oil Palm Research Centre (CEREPAH-LA DIBAMABA) Douala Cameroon

This work aims to study the development of the pericarp of the fruit of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. var. dura. The thickness, the water and the oil contents of its tissues are evaluated every two weeks, from pollination to the maturity of the fruit. The development of the oil palm fruit takes 5.5 months. The endocarp reaches its maximum thickness at the 70th DPP （day post-pollination）, with a water content of 72%. It then starts its dehydration, while sclerifying. It therefore isolates the seed at start and later protects it. The mesocarp is visible at anthesis and its water content is close to 92%. From the 100th DPP, it begins a continuous dehydration associated, from the 130th DPP, with an active lipids biosynthesis. Ultimately, the pericarp of the oil palm fruit fulfills both functions, namely to protect the seed by early sclerification of the endocarp and ensure the dissemination of the species by the high oil content of the mesocarp. A comparative anatomy of the pericarp tissues of the three *** E. guineensis Jacq., during the first three weeks of fruit development, will enhance the understanding of the primary effect of sh gene.

关键词： Elaeis guineensis Jacq. fruit endocarp mesocarp development.

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Morphogenesis of Oil Palm （Elaeis guineensis Jacq.） Fruit in Seed Development

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Journal of Life Sciences 2014年第12期8卷 946-954页

作者： Hermine Bille Ngalle joseph martin bell Georges Franck Ngando-Ebongue Hernild Eman-Evina Godswill Ntsefong Ntsomboh Armand Nsimi-Mva Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaoundd I Yaounde P.O. Box 812 Cameroon Specialized Oil Palm Research Centre (CEREPAH of La Dibamba) IRAD Douala P.O. 243 Cameroon Ekona Regional Research Centre IRAD Buea P.O. Box 25 Cameroon

The place of the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., in the market for fats of vegetable commodities makes it a strategic plant which requires continuous improvement. In this context, it seems appropriate to better describe the effects of the Sh gene in the developing fruit. This study aims to set a benchmark for the development of the seed in the natural palm （Elaeis guineensis var. dura） Thus the growth and development of the two major seed tissues were monitored every two weeks from pollination to maturity of the fruit. The results show that the endosperm is still liquid six weeks after pollination. It then begins an accelerated development which leads it, 11 weeks later, to completely fill the seed cavity, with an average mass of 0.81 g. This mass remains stable until the maturity of the fruit. The embryo is only visible when the endosperm is gelatinous, around 70 DPP （days post-pollination）. It then has an average length of 1.00 mm. At 126 DPP, the embryo has finished growing and measures 2.82 mm on average. This length also remains stable until 168 DPP （3.04 mm）. In perspective, a detailed follow-up of the development of the zygote from the pollination to 100 DPP is proposed. In parallel, the analysis of the chemical composition of the endosperm between 100 DPP and 168 DPP is necessary. These two complementary studies will allow to better specifying the benchmark of seed development in Elaeis guineensis var. dura.

关键词： Elaeis guineensis Jacq. embryo endosperm seed development

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Genetic Variability, Heritability and Correlation of Some Morphological and Yield Components Traits in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Collections

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 1029-1042页

作者： Benoit Constant Likeng-Li-Ngue Aladji Abatchoua Madi Madi Ibram Ndiang Zenabou Florent Boris Zoa Mbo Nkoulou Luther Fort Molo Nathalie Essubalew Getachew Seyum Hermine Ngalle Bille joseph martin bell Unity of Genetic and Plant Breeding Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Applied to Agriculture Faculty of Science University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon Plant Biology and Physiology Laboratory Department of Botany Faculty of Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Jimma Ethiopia Plant Production Unit Mbalmayo Agricultural Research Centre (CRAM) Institute of Agricultural Research for Development Mbalmayo Cameroon

The study was conducted with the main objective to evaluate the genetic variability, heritability, and clustering pattern exploration of morphological and yield related traits in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) collections in the bimodal rainfall agroecological zone of Cameroon using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The data obtained on morphological and yield traits were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the viability rate of the collections varied from 77.78% to 96.55% respectively for the Maffo and Desiree collections, while the greatest number of tubers per plant varied from 4 to 18 respectively for Synergie and Desiree. The emergence rate varies from 60% to 1.66% respectively for Maffo et Doza collections. However, Desiree presents the highest TL (96.55) while Maffo shows the lowest value (77.78%). The yield per hectare varied from 1.14 to 9.3 t/h for Maffo and Doza respectively. For all the characteristics observed, Phenotypic Coefficients of Variation (PCV) were higher than Genotypic Coefficients of Variation (GCV) suggesting the role of environment in the expression of traits under observation. The highest GCV and PCV 47.55 and 58.94 respectively were observed for Diameter at the collar (DC). Most of the traits showed high GAM (>20%)) except Average Tuber Length (ATL) with a moderate value (19.8). In terms of vegetative development, the Desiree variety showed the highest performance. Based on the growth and yield results, Doza seems to be the most recommendable crop in the study area.

关键词： Agroecological Zone Genetic Variability Heritability Solanum tuberosum Yield

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A Review of Main Factors Involved in the Maturation of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Fruit Bunches

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第7期14卷 727-740页

作者： Ngombo Clément Eya’a Mva Armand Nsimi Pembe Hannah Ndele Bille Hermine Ngalle Thiery Molo Nkoulou Luther Fort Mbo Akoa Fouman Li-Gue Benoit Likeng Ebongue Georges Frank Ngando joseph martin bell Department of Plant Biology and Physiology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development Specialized Station for Oil Palm Research of La Dibamba Douala Cameroon Plant Production Unit Mbalmayo Agricultural Research Center (CRAM) Institute of Agricultural Research for Development Mbalmayo Cameroon

The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a diploid perennial plant of the Arecaceae family. It is the most important plant cultivated for oil production. To ensure this production, certain optimal conditions are required: temperature, sunshine, rainfall, etc. The oil palm ensures its survival through the fruits borne on bunches located at the axis of the 17th to 20th leaves from the central stem. From pollination to the maturity of a bunch it takes about 4.5 to 6 months. Several events occur during this period: seed enlargement, weight increase, colour change, etc., but also important physiological changes: synthesis of some pigments (anthocyanin), increase in oil content correlated with the decrease in water content, etc. All of these constitute factors that can provide a better understanding of the biology of the seed. The aim of this work was to review some of the important parameters involved in the development and maturation of oil palm fruit bunches. These factors are classified into physiological, biochemical as well as environmental. The physiological parameters are color, appearance of embryo, seed weight and fruit detachment from bunches;Biochemical parameters include water content, oil content, carbohydrate, protein, mineral contents and lipase activity while temperature is the main environmental factor that affects fruit maturation. Thorough research has not yet been done at the different stages of maturation and ripening, thus a deep look into this may open up new avenues for research on early germinated oil palm seed production prior to seed dormancy.

关键词： Oil Palm Fruit Bunch Germination Maturation Parameters Immature Seed

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Epstein-Barr virus and Burkitt lymphoma

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2014年第12期33卷 609-619页

作者： martin Rowe Leah Fitzsimmons Andrew I bell School of Cancer Sciences University of Birmingham CMDS

In 1964,a new herpesvirus,Epstein-Barr virus(EBV),was discovered in cultured tumor cells derived from a Burkitt lymphoma(BL)biopsy taken from an African *** was a momentous event that reinvigorated research into viruses as a possible cause of human *** studies demonstrated that EBV was a potent growth-transforming agent for primary B cells,and that all cases of BL carried characteristic chromosomal translocations resulting in constitutive activation of the c-MYC *** results hinted at simple oncogenic mechanisms that would make Burkitt lymphoma paradigmatic for cancers with viral *** reality,the pathogenesis of this tumor is rather complicated with regard to both the contribution of the virus and the involvement of cellular ***,we review the current understanding of the roles of EBV and c-MYC in the pathogenesis of BL and the implications for new therapeutic strategies to treat this lymphoma.

关键词： Epstein-Barr病毒淋巴瘤 c-myc基因肿瘤细胞发病机理染色体易位 c-MYC 疱疹病毒

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Systematic review:Laparoscopic fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease in partial responders to proton pump inhibitors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第3期20卷 804-813页

作者： Lars Lundell martin bell Magnus Ruth Department of Surgery CLINTEC Karolinska Institutet Research Evaluation Unit Oxford PharmaGenesisTM Ltd.OxfordOX13 5QJUnited Kingdom Shire-Movetis NV B-2300 TurnhoutBelgium

AIM: To assess laparoscopic fundoplication (LF) in partial responders to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

关键词： Laparoscopic fundoplication Gastroesophageal reflux disease Partial response Proton pump inhibitors Systematic review

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