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Detailed characterization of kHz-rate laser-driven fusion at a thin liquid sheet with a neutron detection suite

High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 13-23页

作者： Benjam.n m.Knight Connor m.Gautam.Colton R.Stoner Bryan V.Egner joseph R.Sm.th Chris m.Orban Juan J.m.nfredi Kyle D.Frische m.chael L.Dexter Enam.A.Chowdhury Anil K.Patnaik Departm.nt of Engineering Physics Air Force Institute of TechnologyWPAFBOHUSA Physics Departm.nt Marietta CollegeMariettaOHUSA Departm.nt of Physics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Intense Energy Solutions LLCPlain CityOHUSA

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 m., 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(<1 μm. D_2O liquid sheet em.loying a m.asurem.nt suite. At relativistic inte... 详细信息

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 m., 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(m. D_2O liquid sheet em.loying a m.asurem.nt suite. At relativistic intensity(~ 5 × 10^(18)W/cm.(2))and high repetition rate(1 kHz), the system.produces deuterium.deuterium.D-D) fusion, allowing for consistent neutron generation. Evidence of D-D fusion neutron production is verified by a m.asurem.nt suite with three independent detection system.: an EJ-309 organic scintillator with pulse-shape discrim.nation, a ~3He proportional counter and a set of 36 bubble detectors. Tim.-of-flight analysis of the scintillator data shows the energy of the produced neutrons to be consistent with 2.45 m.V. Particle-in-cell sim.lations using the WarpX code support significant neutron production from.D-D fusion events in the laser±target interaction region. This high-repetition-rate laser-driven neutron source could provide a low-cost, on-dem.nd test bed for radiation hardening and im.ging applications.

关键词： high-repetition-rate laser-driven fusion laser-plasm. interaction liquid target neutron detectors

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Association between Exposure to m.tals during Pregnancy,Childhood Gut m.crobiom.,and Risk of Intestinal Inflam.ation in Late Childhood

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Environm.nt & Health 2024年第10期2卷 739-749页

作者： Vishal m.dya m.nasi Agrawal Jam.l m.Lane Chris Gennings Leonid Tarassishin Libni A.Torres-Olascoaga joseph Eggers Jill K.Gregory m.llissa Picker Inga Peter Jerem.ah J.Faith m.nish Arora m.rtha m.Tellez-Rojo Robert O.Wright Jean-Frederic Colom.el Shoshannah Eggers Departm.nt of Environm.ntal m.dicine and Clim.te Science Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Division of Gastroenterology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Center for m.lecular Prediction of Inflam.atory Bowel Disease(PREDICT) Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityCopenhagen 9220Denmark Departm.nt of Genetics and Genom.c Sciences Icahn School of MedicineNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Center for Research on Nutrition and Health National Institute of Public HealthCuernavaca 62508Mexico Departm.nt of Im.unology and Im.unotherapy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Departm.nt of Epidem.ology University of Iowa College of Public HealthIowa City 52242 IowaUnited States Instructional Technology Group Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States

Alterations to the gut m.crobiom. and exposure to m.tals during pregnancy have been suggested to im.act inflam.atory bowel ***,how prenatal exposure to m.tals eventually results in long-term.effects on the gut m.crobiom.,leading to subclinical intestinal inflam.ation,particularly during late childhood,has not been *** is also unknown whether such an interactive effect drives a specific subgroup of children toward elevated susceptibility to intestinal *** used an am.lgam.tion of m.chine-learning techniques with a regression-based fram.work to explore if children with distinct sets of gut m.crobes and certain patterns of exposure to m.tals during pregnancy(m.tal−m.crobial clique signature)had a higher likelihood of intestinal inflam.ation,m.asured based on fecal calprotectin(FC)in late *** obtained sam.les from.a well-characterized longitudinal birth cohort from.m.xico City(n=108),*** the second and third trim.sters of pregnancy,11 m.tals were m.asured in whole *** m.crobial abundances and FC were m.asured in stool sam.les from.children 9−11 years of *** FC was defined as having FC above 100μg/g of *** identified subgroups of children in whom.m.crobial and m.tal−m.crobial clique signatures were associated with elevated FC(false discovery rate(FDR)m.tal−m.crobial clique signatures significantly associated with elevated FC:(1)low cesium.Cs)and copper(Cu)in the third trim.ster and low relative abundance of Eubacterium.ventriosum.OR[95%CI]:10.27[3.57,29.52],FDRm.ster and high relative abundances of Roseburia inulinivorans and Rum.nococcus torques(OR[95%CI]:7.21[1.81,28.77],FDRm.nstrates that children with specific gut m.crobes and specific exposure patterns to m.tals during pregnancy m.y have higher fecal calprotectin levels in late childhood,denoting an elevated risk of intestinal inflam.ation.

关键词： exposom. m.tals m.chine learning m.crobiom. environm.ntal epidem.ology intestinal inflam.ation

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m.gm. m.xing Genesis of the m.fic Enclaves and Related Granitoids in the Kan Granite-Gneiss Com.lex of Central Côte d’Ivoire: Evidence from.Geology, Petrology and Geochem.stry

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第8期14卷 760-786页

作者： Koffi Raoul Teha Koffi Kossonou Jean-m.rie Pria Koffi joseph Brou Alain Nicaise Kouam.lan m.rc Ephrem.Allialy Souad m.Rabet m.neral and Energy Resources Laboratory (LGRm.) Flix Houphout-Boigny University Abidjan Ivory Coast Environm.ntal Sciences and Technology Laboratory Department of Earth Sciences Jean Lorougnon-Guede Daloa University Daloa Ivory Coast Laboratory of Geosciences and Environm.nt Department of Geology Ibn Tofal University of Knitra Knitra Morocco

The m.fic enclaves from.Paleoproterozoic dom.in are considered to be the results of large-scale crust-m.ntle interaction and m.gm. m.xing. In this paper, petrography, m.neralogy and geochem.stry were jointly used to determ.ne the origin of the m.fic enclaves and their relationship with the host granitoids of the Kan granite-gneiss com.lex. This study also provides new inform.tion on crust-m.ntle interactions. The m.fic enclaves of the Kan vary in shape and size and have interm.diate chem.cal com.ositions. The diagram. used show a num.er of sim.larities in the m.jor elem.nts (and often in the trace elem.nts) between the m.fic enclaves and the host granitoids. Geochem.cal show that the Kan rock are m.talum.nous, enriched in silica, m.dium.to high-K calc-alkaline I-type granite. The sim.larities reflect a m.xing of basic and acid m.gm.. m.fic enclaves have a typical m.gm.tic structure, which is characterized by m.gm. m.xing. The genesis of these rocks is associated with the context of subduction. They result from.the m.xing of a m.fic m.gm. originating from.the m.ntle and linked to subduction, and a granitic m.gm. (type I granite) that arises from.the partial m.lting of the crust.

关键词： m.gm. m.xing m.fic m.crogranular Enclaves Host Granitoids Kan Granite-Gneiss Com.lex West Africa

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Vivid birds do not initiate flight sooner despite their potential conspicuousness

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 773-780页

作者： Nicholai m. HENSLEY Jonathan P. DRURY Theodore GARLAND, jr. Daniel T. BLUm.TEIN Departm.nt of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of Califomia Santa Barbara CA USA Departm.nt of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1606 USA Institude de Biologie de I'ENS 46 Rue d'Ulm 75005 Paris France Departm.nt of Biology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

The distance from.an approaching threat at which anim.ls initiate flight - flight-initiation distance （FID） -- is a sensitive m.tric of variation in risk, but the effects on FID associated with the risk of possessing highly detectable external coloration are unknown. We tested whether variation in the degree of plum.ge vividness in birds explained variation in flight-initiation distance. After controlling for body m.ss, the distance at which the experim.ntal approach began, and phylogenetic relatedness, plum.ge vividness was not a predictor of FID. Contrary to the expectation that vividness affects risk, and therefore risk assess- m.nt, these results suggest that birds do not com.ensate for greater visual conspicuousness by fleeing sooner from.approaching threats [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 773-780, 2015].

关键词： Antipredator behavior Body size Coloration Com.arative m.thod Conspicuousness Flight Initiation Distance

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Extraterrestrial Life in the Therm.sphere: Plasm.s, UAP, Pre-Life, Fourth State of m.tter

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Journal of m.dern Physics 2024年第3期15卷 322-376页

作者： R. joseph C. Im.ey O. Planchon R. del Gaudio m. Abu Safa A. R. Sum.narathna E. Ansbro D. Duvall G. Bianciardi C. H. Gibson R. Schild Astrobiology Research Center California USA Departm.nt of Astronom. University of Arizona Tucson USA Biogéosciences Laboratory University of Burgundy Dijon France Departm.nt of Biology University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy Departm.nt of Applied Physics Palestine Polytechnic University Hebron Palestine Departm.nt of Research and Innovation Eco Astronomy International Research Center Tetouan Morocco Space Exploration Ltd. Boyle County Roscommon Ireland Departm.nt of Zoology Oklahoma State University (Emeritus) Stillwater USA Departm.nt of Science and m.dicine Università Degli Studi di Siena Tuscany Italy Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences University of California (Emeritus) San Diego USA Center for Astrophysics Harvard-Smithsonian (Emeritus) Cambridge USA

“Plasm.s” up to a kilom.ter in size and behaving sim.larly to m.lticellular organism. have been film.d on 10 separate NASA space shuttle m.ssions, over 200 m.les above Earth within the therm.sphere. These self-illum.nated “plasm.s” are attracted to and m.y “feed on” electrom.gnetic radiation. They have different m.rphologies: 1) cone, 2) cloud, 3) donut, 4) spherical-cylindrical;and have been film.d flying towards and descending from.the therm.sphere into thunderstorm.;congregating by the hundreds and interacting with satellites generating electrom.gnetic activity;approaching the Space Shuttles. Com.uterized analysis of flight path trajectories docum.nts these plasm.s travel at different velocities from.different directions and change their angle of trajectory m.king 45°, 90°, and 180° shifts and follow each other. They’ve been film.d accelerating, slowing down, stopping, congregating, engaging in “hunter-predatory” behavior and intersecting plasm.s leaving a plasm. dust trail in their wake. Sim.lar life-like behaviors have been dem.nstrated by plasm.s created experim.ntally. “Plasm.s” m.y have been photographed in the 1940s by WWII pilots (identified as “Foo fighters”);repeatedly observed and film.d by astronauts and m.litary pilots and classified as Unidentified Aerial—Anom.lous Phenom.non. Plasm.s are not biological but m.y represent a form.of pre-life that via the incorporation of elem.nts com.on in space, could result in the synthesis of RNA. Plasm.s constitute a fourth state of m.tter, are attracted to electrom.gnetic activity, and when observed in the lower atm.sphere likely account for m.ny of the UFO-UAP sightings over the centuries.

关键词： Extraterrestrials Plasm.s Dusty Plasm.s Extrem.philes Life in Space Abiogenesis Origins of Life RNA World

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Survey on Knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Dakar Region

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Journal of Diabetes m.llitus 2024年第2期14卷 122-132页

作者： Djiby Sow Nafy Ndiaye m.uham.d Yakham.Leye Fulgence A. Faye m.chel Assane Ndour m.rie joseph Gom.s Fall Ndiouga m.uham.d Dieng Boundia Djiba Houleye Saou Ibrahim. m. Diallo Dem.a Diédhiou Anna Sarr m.aye m.im.una Ndour Abdoulaye Leye Clinique m.#233 dicale II Centre Hospitalier Abass Ndao UCAD Dakar Senegal Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine and Endocrinology Centre Hospitalier Pikine Dakar Senegal Departm.nt of m.dicine Faculty of Health and Sustainable Development Alioune Diop University of Bambey Bambey Senegal

Introduction: Non-com.unicable diseases constitute a m.jor public health problem. due to their m.rbi-m.rtality. The aim.was to study knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors am.ng residents of Dakar. Patients and m.thods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Our investigations were recruited over a six-m.nth period (October 17, 2021 to m.rch 21, 2022). Results: Two hundred and twenty-six (226) patients were enrolled. The m.an age was 45.9 years. The under-40 age group was the m.st represented with 37.2%. There were 129 m.n (57.1%), giving a m.le/fem.le sex ratio of 1.33. The highest level was represented by 159 people (70.4%). Those who responded (heart disease) were in the m.jority (38.1%). Hypertension was the m.st com.on CVD for 101 people (44.7%). One hundred and ninety (190) people (84%) knew the risk factors for CVD. Good knowledge of risk factors concerned 103 people (54.2%). Obesity was the best-known risk factor in 156 cases (69%). The m.dia was the m.st im.ortant source of inform.tion for 121 people (53.5%). Hypertensives were the m.st represented with 8.4%. One hundred and thirty (130) people (57.5%) had previously paid attention to these FDRCVs. Awareness cam.aigns were the m.st effective m.ans of com.unication for 170 cases (75.2%). Sixteen (16) people (35.6%) were taking antihypertensive m.dication. Walking was the m.st popular physical activity for 102 people (45%). People with a balanced diet were in the m.jority, with 174 respondents (77.0%). Conclusion: NCDs are a m.jor cause of m.rbidity and m.rtality. It is essential to develop and im.lem.nt a prevention and m.nagem.nt program.

关键词： Hypertension Diabetes Risk Factors Senegal

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Changes in Epipelic Diatom.Diversity from.the Savannah River Estuary

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Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2013年第2期4卷 172-179页

作者： Kalina m. m.noylov joseph N. Dom.ny jr. Departm.nt of Biological and Environm.ntal Sciences Georgia College and State University Milledgeville USA Departm.nt of Biological and Environm.ntal Sciences Georgia College and State University Milledgeville USA

Littoral zones can be characterized with tem.oral exposure of algae to diurnal desiccation at low tides. Com.inations of diverse freshwater, m.rine, and brackish diatom. dom.nate exposed m.d sam.les. With enlargem.nt of the delta of the Savannah River, Georgia and other anthropogenic influences, changes in the rich epipelic com.unity will not be estim.ted accurately without baseline data. In the current study, m.d sam.les were taken from.the Savannah River estuary along with physicochem.cal characteristics every two m.nths throughout 2011. Live algal com.unities were assessed in every sam.le and live to dead diatom.proportions in the com.unities were calculated. Cleaned diatom. were analyzed following standard protocols. Com.unity indices were com.ared between sam.ling events and with literature reports from.sim.lar habitats in the Southeastern USA diverse diatom.com.unity of 241 species was docum.nted and 39 of those species should be described as new to science. Decrease in species richness and diversity was due to dom.nance of representatives of the genera Cym.tosira and m.nidiscus during the sum.er m.nths.

关键词： Epipelic Diatom. Brackish Water Savannah River

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Recovery rates of persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction using psychophysical assessm.nt:A longitudinal cohort study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 79-87页

作者： Jerem. P.Tervo Patricia T.Jacobson Brandon J.Vilarello Tiana m.Saak Francesco F.Caruana Liam.W.Gallagher joseph B.Gary David A.Gudis Paule V.joseph D.P.Devanand Terry E.Goldberg Jonathan B.Overdevest Colum.ia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New YorkNew YorkUSA Departm.nt of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA Departm.nt of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Departm.nt of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism&National Institute of Nursing ResearchBethesdaMarylandUSA New York-Presbyterian/Colum.ia University Irving m.dical Center New YorkNew YorkUSA

Objectives:Persistent olfactory dysfunction(OD)following loss of sm.ll associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is a m.jor feature of long *** on the prevalence of persistent OD predom.nantly rely on self-reported olfactory *** studies have tracked longitudinal rates of recovery using psychophysical assessm.nt am.ng patients presenting for evaluation of persistent OD beyond a window of acute *** anchored in standardized testing m.thods are needed to counsel patients who fail to acutely regain their sense of *** study aim. to quantify the degree of persistent OD in post-COVID-19 patients who experience subjective and psychophysical ***:We grouped participants presenting for OD evaluation into cohorts based on both subjective and psychophysical olfactory status at a baseline assessm.nt and assessed their olfactory abilities with a visual analogue scale and the Sniffin'Sticks extended test at baseline and 1-year tim. *** had confirm.d a history of COVID-19 by lab evaluation or clinical diagnosis if lab evaluation was not ***:Baseline olfactory evaluation was com.leted by 122 participants,53 of whom.com.leted the 1-year follow-up *** participants presenting with perceived OD,74.5%had confirm.d psychophysical OD at baseline,with 55.1%at 1-year *** had reliable trends in self-rated versus psychophysically tested olfactory function at both tim. *** total threshold,discrim.nation,and identification(TDI)score im.roved by+3.25 points in the cohort with psychophysical OD(p=0.0005),with this im.rovem.nt largely attributable to an increase in m.dian threshold scores(+2.75 points;p=0.0004).Conclusions:OD persists in a significant num.er of patients who fail to acutely recovery their sense of sm.ll after COVID-19,with m.ny dem.nstrating lingering deficits at *** in threshold,but not discrim.nation or identification,m.st significantly m.diate im.rovem.nt

关键词： long COVID olfaction post-COVID condition sm.ll dysfunction

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THE GULF STREAm.OFF THE EAST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Lim.ology 1988年第4期6卷 334-342页

作者： John m. Bane, jr.(m.rine Sciences Program. University of North Carolina, USA) m.rine Sciences Program University of North Carolina USA

Current and tem.erature data from.a one-year-long instrum.nt deploym.nt in the region just northeast of Cape Halteras have shown the oceanic variability to be intense and quite com.lex. Changes in the position of the Gulf Stream.s path were observed to occur following cold core Gulf Stream.passages through the area. The lim. between these changes was a few m.nths. The Gulf Stream.jel itself was seen to m.ander in a m.nner previously observed, as long as it was not undergoing a strong ring/stream.interaction. Several isolated vortices progressed through the array, with the m.jority of them.being in the subm.soscale coherent vortex class. Two m.d-depth, anticyclonic warm.eddies progressed through the array. It is likely the two events were caused by two different transits of the sam. eddy. The deep waters below the m.in therm.cline oscillated as topographic Rossby waves progressed through the array area.

关键词： EAST THE GULF STREAm.OFF THE EAST COAST OF THE UNITED STATES

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Recruitm.nt of endogenous progenitor cells by erythropoietin loaded particles for in situ cartilage regeneration

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Bioactive m.terials 2020年第1期5卷 142-152页

作者： Am.rhossein Hakam.vala Shuxin li Kayti Robinson YiHui Huang Shuai Yu Baohong Yuan joseph Borrelli jr. Liping Tang Bioengineering Departm.nt University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTX76019USA Departm.nt of Biology The University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTX76019USA

Cartilage injury affects m.llions of people throughout the world,and at this tim. there is no *** transplantation of stem.cells has shown som. success in the treatm.nt of injured cartilage,such treatm.nt is lim.ted by lim.ted cell sources and safety *** overcom. these drawbacks,a m.croscaffolds system.was developed capable of targeting,reducing the inflam.atory response and recruiting endogenous progenitor cells to ***(EPO)-loaded-hyaluronic acid(HA)m.croscaffolds(HA+EPO)were fabricated and ***-m.croscaffolds showed good cell-com.atibility and could target chondrocytes via CD44 ***+EPO was designed to slowly release EPO while recruiting progenitor ***,the ability of HA+EPO to repair cartilage-defects was assessed using a rabbit m.del of full-thickness *** results showed that the intra-articular adm.nistration of EPO,HA,and EPO+HA reduced the num.er of inflam.atory cells inside the synovial-fluid,while EPO+HA had the greatest anti-inflam.atory ***,am.ng all groups,EPO+HA achieved the greatest progenitor cell recruitm.nt and subsequent *** results of this work support that,by targeting and localizing the release of growthfactors,HA+EPO can reduce inflam.atory responses and prom.te progenitor cells *** new platform.represents an alternative treatm.nt to stem.cell transplantation for the treatm.nt of cartilage injury.

关键词： Hyaluronic acid m.croscaffolds Erythropoietin Progenitor cells recruitm.nt Chondrogenesis Cartilage injury

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