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Genetic diversity and occult hepatitis B infection in Africa: A comprehensive review

World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 843-859页

作者： michee m Bazie mahamoudou Sanou Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma Tegwinde Rebeca Compaore Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah Benoît Kabamba Bolni marius Nagalo Jacques Simpore Rasmata Ouédraogo Department of medicine Transmissible Diseases LaboratoryUniversitéJoseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougou 0000Burkina Faso Department of Biochemistry and microbiology Molecular Biology and Genetics LaboratoryUniversity Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougou 0000Burkina Faso Infectious and parasitic disease Laboratory Health Sciences Research InstituteIRSS/CNRSTNational Center for Scientific and Technological ResearchOuagadougou 0000Burkina Faso Department of microbiology and Immunology School of Medical SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastPMBCape Coast 0000Ghana Department of Clinical Biology Virology LaboratoryCliniques Universitaires Saint LucUniversitéCatholique de LouvainBruxelles 0000Belgium Division of Hematology and Oncology Mayo ClinicAZ 0000United States

BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B infection(OBI)is a globally prevalent infection,with its frequency being influenced by the prevalence of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in a particular geographic region,including *** can be transmitted th-rough blood transfusions and organ transplants and has been linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The associated HBV genotype influences the *** To highlight the genetic diversity and prevalence of OBI in *** This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-Analyses guidelines and involved a comprehensive search on Pubmed,Google Scholar,Science Direct,and African Journals Online for published studies on the prevalence and genetic diversity of OBI in *** The synthesis included 83 articles,revealing that the prevalence of OBI varied between countries and population groups,with the highest prevalence being 90.9%in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and 38%in blood donors,indicating an increased risk of HBV transmission through blood *** of OBI reactivation have been reported following *** D is the predominant,followed by genotypes A and *** This review highlights the prevalence of OBI in Africa,which varies across countries and population *** study also demonstrates that genotype D is the most prevalent.

关键词： Occult hepatitis B infection Blood transfusion Genetic diversity

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Assessment of ERA5 and ERA-Interim in Reproducing mean and Extreme Climates over West Africa

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第4期40卷 570-586页

作者： Imoleayo Ezekiel GBODE Toju Esther BABALOLA Gulilat Tefera DIRO joseph Daniel INTSIFUL Department of meteorology and Climate Science Federal University of Technology AkureP.M.B.704 Ilesa-Owo ExpresswayAkureOndo State 340420Nigeria Department of Water Resources management and Agro-meteorology Federal University Oye-Ekiti371104Nigeria Canadian Network for Regional Climate and Weather Processes University of Quebec at Montreal201 President-Kennedy AvenueMontrealQC H2X 3Y7Canada Division of mitigation and Adaptation Green Climate FundIncheon 22004South Korea

In situ data in West Africa are scarce,and reanalysis datasets could be an alternative source to alleviate the problem of data ***,because of uncertainties in numerical prediction models and assimilation methods,among other things,existing reanalysis datasets can perform with various degrees of quality and ***,a proper assessment of their shortcomings and strengths should be performed prior to their *** this study,we examine the performance of ERA5 and ERA-interim(ERAI)products in representing the mean and extreme climates over West Africa for the period 1981-2018 using observations from CRU and *** major conclusion is that ERA5 showed a considerable decrease in precipitation and temperature biases and an improved representation of inter-annual variability in much of western ***,the annual cycle is better captured by ERA5 in three of the region’s climatic zones;specifically,precipitation is well-reproduced in the Savannah and Guinea Coast,and temperature in the *** terms of extremes,the ERA5 performance is ***,both reanalyses underestimate the intensity and frequency of heavy precipitations and overestimate the number of wet days,as the numerical models used in reanalyses tend to produce drizzle more *** ERA5 performs better than ERAI,both datasets are less successful in capturing the observed long-term *** ERA5 has achieved considerable progress compared to its predecessor,improved datasets with better resolution and accuracy continue to be needed in sectors like agriculture and water resources to enable climate impact assessment.

关键词： West Africa ERAI ERA5 reanalysis precipitation temperature extremes

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Chloroplast gene matK holds the barcodes for identification of momordica(Cucurbitaceae) species from Indian subcontinent

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2022年第1期8卷 89-98页

作者： Girme Aoudumbar Ramesh Deepu mathew K.joseph John V.Ravisankarc Centre for Plant Biotechnology and molecular Biology Kerala Agricultural UniversityThrissurKerala State 680656India ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Regional StationThrissurKerala State 680656India Bioinformatics Centre Kerala Agricultural UniversityThrissurKerala State680656India

DNA barcoding is a supplementary tool in plant systematics,extensively used to resolve the species level *** paper details the identification of DNA barcodes for seven species of momordica,using the chloroplast gene mat *** the species *** has been confused as a member of the genus Luffa,26 accessions of momordica belonging to seven Indian species and two accessions of Luffa acutangula were included in this *** of mat K sequences has yielded distinct barcodes in *** ***,*** ***,***,***,*** and also in Luffa *** status of each species was reflected as nucleotide polymorphisms in each *** wild species *** and *** have yielded one barcode but failed to get ***,this study provides conclusive proof that *** is a member of momordica *** phylogram generated was successful to distinguish the monoecious species of this genus,***,*** and ***,from the dioecious species ***,***,*** *** and ***,mat K locus,by accumulating the evolutionary sequence variations,is proven efficient to differentiate the momordica species and to reveal their relatedness.

关键词： Cucurbit DNA barcoding Luffa Phylogeny systematics

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Strategies to enhance monoclonal antibody uptake and distribution in solid tumors

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Cancer Biology & medicine 2021年第3期18卷 649-664页

作者： Brandon m.Bordeau joseph P.Balthasar Department of Pharmaceutical Science University at BuffaloBuffaloNY 14214USA

Despite the significant resources dedicated to the development of monoclonal antibody(m Ab)therapies for solid tumors,the clinical success,thus far,has been *** efficacy of m Ab in solid tumors likely relates to unique aspects of tumor *** tumors have an aberrant vasculature and a dense extracellular matrix that slow both the convective and diffusive transport of m Abs into and within *** m Abs that are directed against cellular antigens,high antigen expression and rapid antigen turnover can result in perivascular cells binding to and eliminating a significant amount of extravasated m Ab,limiting m Ab distribution to portions of the tumor that are distant from functional *** preclinical investigations have reported strategies to improve m Ab uptake and distribution;however,to our knowledge,none have translated into the ***,we provide an overview of several barriers in solid tumors that limit m Ab uptake and distribution and discuss approaches that have been utilized to overcome these barriers in preclinical studies.

关键词： Solid tumors antibody uptake and distribution monoclonal antibody antibody-drug conjugate

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Digital earth:yesterday,today,and tomorrow

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 1022-1072页

作者： Alessandro Annoni Stefano Nativi ArzuÇöltekin Cheryl Desha Eugene Eremchenko Caroline m.Gevaert Gregory Giuliani min Chen Luis Perez-mora joseph Strobl Stephanie Tumampos International Society for Digital Earth BeijingPeople’s Republic of China National Research Council RomeItaly University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW School of EngineeringInstitute of Interactive Technologies IITBrugg-WindischSwitzerland Nathan Campus Griffith UniversityCities Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia Lomonosov moscow State University MoscowRussia Department of Earth Observation Science University of TwenteTwenteThe Netherland Institute for Environmental Sciences/enviroSPACE University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjingPeople’s Republic of China Cities Research Institute Nathan CampusGriffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia Department of Geoinformatics University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria Chair of Remote Sensing Technology Technical University of MunichMunichGermany Big Geospatial Data management Technical University of MunichMunichGermany

The concept of Digital Earth(DE)was formalized by Al Gore in *** that time the technologies needed for its implementation were in an embryonic stage and the concept was quite *** then digital technologies have progressed significantly and their speed and pervasiveness have generated and are still causing the digital transformation of our *** creates new opportunities and challenges for the realization of DE.‘What is DE today?’,‘What could DE be in the future?’,and‘What is needed to make DE a reality?’.To answer these questions it is necessary to examine DE considering all the technological,scientific,social,and economic aspects,but also bearing in mind the principles that inspired its *** understanding the lessons learned from the past,it becomes possible to identify the remaining scientific and technological challenges,and the actions needed to achieve the ultimate goal of a‘Digital Earth for all’.This article reviews the evolution of the DE vision and its multiple definitions,illustrates what has been achieved so far,explains the impact of digital transformation,illustrates the new vision,and concludes with possible future scenarios and recommended actions to facilitate full DE implementation.

关键词： Digital Earth digital transformation sustainable development data governance and ethic citizen empowerment and industry engagement

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micromolded honeycomb scaffold design to support the generation of a bilayered RPE and photoreceptor cell construct

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Bioactive materials 2023年第12期30卷 142-153页

作者： In-Kyu Lee Ruosen Xie Agustin Luz-madrigal Seunghwan min Jingcheng Zhu Jiahe Jin Kimberly L.Edwards m.joseph Phillips Allison L.Ludwig David m.Gamm Shaoqin Gong Zhenqiang ma Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Wisconsin Institute for Discovery University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53715USA Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53705USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA mcPherson Eye Research Institute University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53705USA Waisman Center University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53705USA Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Department of materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Department of Engineering Physics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Grainger Institute for Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA

Age-related macular degeneration(AmD)causes blindness due to loss of retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)and photoreceptors(PRs),which comprise the two outermost layers of the *** the small size of the macula and the importance of direct contact between RPE and PRs,the use of scaffolds for targeted reconstruction of the outer retina in later stage AmD and other macular dystrophies is particularly *** developed microfabricated,honeycomb-patterned,biodegradable poly(glycerol sebacate)(PGS)scaffolds to deliver organized,adjacent layers of RPE and PRs to the subretinal ***,an optimized process was developed to photocure PGS,shortening scaffold production time from days to *** resulting scaffolds robustly supported the seeding of human pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE and PRs,either separately or as a dual celllayered *** advanced,economical,and versatile scaffolds can accelerate retinal cell transplantation efforts and benefit patients with AmD and other retinal degenerative diseases.

关键词： microfabrication Retina Scaffolds Stem cells Tissue engineering

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myocardin in biology and disease

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2015年第1期29卷 3-19页

作者： joseph m.miano Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry

myocardin （mYOCD） is a potent transcriptional coactivator that functions primarily in cardiac muscle and smooth muscle through direct contacts with serum response factor （SRF） over cis elements known as CArG boxes found near a number of genes encoding for contractile, ion channel, cytoskeletal, and calcium handling proteins. Since its discovery more than 10 years ago, new insights have been obtained regarding the diverse isoforms of mYOCD expressed in cells as well as the regulation of mYOCD expression and activity through transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational processes. Curiously, there are a number of functions associated with mYOCD that appear to be independent of contractile gene expression and the CArG-SRF nucleoprotein complex. Further, perturbations in mYOCD gene expression are associated with an increasing number of diseases including heart failure, cancer, acute vessel disease, and diabetes. This review summarizes the various biological and patho- logical processes associated with mYOCD and offers perspectives to several challenges and future directions for further study of this formidable transcriptional coactivator.

关键词： gene myocardin in biology and disease SRF

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EJUSTCO:monte Carlo radiation transport code hybrid with ANN model for gamma-ray shielding simulation

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第9期34卷 155-176页

作者： joseph Konadu Boahen Ahmed S.G.Khalil mohsen A.Hassan Samir A.Elsagheer mohamed materials Science and Engineering Department School of Innovative Design EngineeringEgypt-Japan University of Science and Technology(E-JUST)179New Borg El-Arab CityEgypt Physics Department Environmental and Smart Technology GroupFaculty of ScienceFayoum UniversityFayoum 63514Egypt Faculty of Engineering Aswan UniversityAswanEgypt

Gamma ray shielding is essential to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment in facilities and environments where radiation *** monte Carlo technique is vital for analyzing the gamma-ray shielding capabilities of *** this study,a simple monte Carlo code,EJUSTCO,is developed to cd simulate gamma radiation transport in shielding materials for academic *** code considers the photoelectric effect,Compton(incoherent)scattering,pair production,and photon annihilation as the dominant interaction mechanisms in the gamma radiation shielding *** reduction techniques,such as the Russian roulette,survival weighting,and exponential transformation,are incorporated into the code to improve computational *** the exponential transformation parameter typically requires trial and error as well as ***,a deep learning neural network is proposed as a viable method for predicting this parameter for the first *** model achieves an mSE of 0.00076752 and an R-value of *** exposure buildup factors and radiation dose rates due to the passage of gamma radiation with different source energies and varying thicknesses of lead,water,iron,concrete,and aluminum in single-,double-,and triple-layer material systems are validated by comparing the results with those of mCNP,ESG,ANS-6.4.3,mCBLD,mONTEREY mARK(m),PENELOPE,and *** errors of 5.6%,2.75%,and 10%are achieved for the exposure buildup factor in single-,double-,and triple-layer materials,respectively.A significant parameter that is not considered in similar studies is the gamma ray *** the EJUSTCO code,the total number and energy albedos have been *** results are compared with those of mCNP,FOTELP,and *** general,the EJUSTCO-developed code can be employed to assess the performance of radiation shielding materials because the validation results are consistent with theoretical,experimental,and literary results.

关键词： monte Carlo Gamma rays Shielding Artificial neural network Simulation

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方锑矿在煅烧/熔解温度下和氮气气氛中的挥发动力学（英文）

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Transactions of Nonferrous metals Society of China 2016年第1期26卷 294-300页

作者： A.ARACENA O.JERE C.antonucci Escuela de Ingenieria Qufmica Pontificia Universidad Catoolica de ValparaisoGeneral Cruz 34ValparaisoChile Instituto de Geologia Econemica Aplicada(GEA) Universidad de ConcepcionCasilla 160-CConcepci6nChile

采用热重分析方法,利用1.3 mL陶瓷坩埚(内径11 mm,高14 mm),在不同气体流速下研究方锑矿在中性气氛中和煅烧(550~615°C)/熔解(660~1100°C)温度下的挥发动力学。分析颗粒尺寸的影响。部分反应样品的失重分析和X射线衍射分析结果以及热... 详细信息

采用热重分析方法,利用1.3 mL陶瓷坩埚(内径11 mm,高14 mm),在不同气体流速下研究方锑矿在中性气氛中和煅烧(550~615°C)/熔解(660~1100°C)温度下的挥发动力学。分析颗粒尺寸的影响。部分反应样品的失重分析和X射线衍射分析结果以及热力学研究表明,在整个温度范围内,方锑矿不形成其他化合物,直接以Sb_4O_6的形式挥发。在煅烧温度下,Sb_2O_3的挥发动力学方程可用X=kappt描述。挥发反应受表面化学反应控制,活化能为193.0 k J/mol。根据方锑矿在溶解温度下的挥发反应动力学方程呈线性关系的特点,确定了挥发反应的动力学常数,得到表面积为8.171×10^(-5) m^2的挥发反应的活化能为73.9 k J/mol。

关键词：方锑矿挥发速率煅烧温度熔解温度动力学

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Computational discovery of ultra-strong, stable, and lightweight refractory multi-principal element alloys. Part II: comprehensive ternary design and validation

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npj Computational materials 2023年第1期9卷 1469-1481页

作者： Kate L.m.Elder Joel Berry Aurélien Perron Brandon Bocklund Jibril Shittu Connor J.Rietema Hunter B.Henderson Scott K.mcCall joseph T.mcKeown materials Science Division Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCA 94550USA.✉

Here the discovery of refractory multi-principal element alloys(mPEAs)with high-temperature strength and stability is pursued within a constrained and application-relevant design space.A comprehensive approach is developed and applied to explore all 165 ternary systems in the Al-Ce-Fe-Hf-mo-Nb-Ta-Ti-V-W-Zr family.A subset of ternary systems that contain large areas in composition–temperature space with high strength and robust BCC phase stability is *** sets of high-performing alloys are identified,each set optimized for one combination of phase constraint,optimization target,and temperature *** mechanical tests support the viability of the *** work highlights the importance of considering phase stability,exploring non-equiatomic regions of composition space,and applying application-relevant *** I and II provide three down-selection techniques for identifying high-performing BCC refractory mPEAs,design guidelines,and many candidates predicted to have BCC phase stability and strengths 2–3 times higher than any reported to date.

关键词： alloys element ternary

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