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The Agricultural-Industrial Partnership for Eliminating Micronutrient Malnutrition: The Investment Bargain of the Decade

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 104-123页

作者： joseph MICHAEL HUNT Senior Health and Nutrition Economist Asian Development Bank Manila Philippines

The limitations of conventional approaches to eliminating micronutrient deficiencies drives the search for a sustainable paradigm. This manuscript argues that the public and private sectors must embark on modernization of the Asian food industry and reorientation of the international agricultural research complex so that nutritionally enriched essential foods will be affordable and accessible to the poor. It is recommended that this partnership take special care of the needs of Asian children. The costs of chronic undernutrition, availability of cost effective strategies, and benefits of sustained nutrition improvement to individuals, families and nations are reviewed. The roles of food fortification, plant breeding and biotechnology, both actual and imminent, are described. The paper concludes that a recast Green Revolution directed to dietary quality may be the key to enhancing the learning and earning capacity of young Asians of the new millenium. “No other technology offers as large an opportunity to improve lives\{…\}at such a low cost and in such a short time\{…\}” World Bank [1] .

关键词： Agriculture Child Welfare Industry Micronutrients Nutrition Policy Biotechnology Child Food Industry Food Fortified Humans Interprofessional Relations Nutrition Disorders Policy Making

Adaptive hearing in the vocal plainfin midshipman fish:getting in tune for the breeding season and implications for acoustic communication

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第1期4卷 33-42页

作者： joseph A.SISNEROS Department of Psychology the Department of Biology and the Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research CenterUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUSA

The plainfin midshipman fish(Porichthys notatus Girard,1854)is a vocal species of batrachoidid fish that gen-erates acoustic signals for intraspecific communication during social and reproductive activity and has become a good model for investigating the neural and endocrine mechanisms of vocal-acoustic ***-tively active female plainfin midshipman fish use their auditory sense to detect and locate“singing”males,which produce a multiharmonic advertisement call to attract females for *** seasonal onset of male adver-tisement calling in the midshipman fish coincides with an increase in the range of frequency sensitivity of the female’s inner ear saccule,the main organ of hearing,thus leading to enhanced encoding of the dominant frequency components of male advertisement ***-reproductive females treated with either testosterone or 17β-estradiol exhibit a dramatic increase in the inner ear’s frequency sensitivity that mimics the reproductive fe-male’s auditory phenotype and leads to an increased detection of the male’s advertisement *** novel form of auditory plasticity provides an adaptable mechanism that enhances coupling between sender and receiver in vocal *** review focuses on recent evidence for seasonal reproductive-state and steroid-dependent plasticity of auditory frequency sensitivity in the peripheral auditory system of the midshipman *** potential steroid-dependent mechanism(s)that lead to this novel form of auditory and behavioral plasticity are also dis-cussed.

关键词： auditory plasticity hair cells saccule sex steroids tuning.

Building Momentum to Realign Incentives to Support Open Science

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Data Intelligence 2021年第1期3卷 71-78页

作者： Heather joseph SPARC(Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition) Washington DC 20036USA

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the urgent need to strengthen global scientific collaboration,and to ensure the fundamental right to universal access to scientific progress and its *** Science(OS)is central to achieving these *** aims to make science accessible,transparent,and effective by providing barrier-free access to scientific publications,data,and infrastructures,along with open software,Open Educational Resources,and open *** also promotes public trust in science at a time when it has never been more important to do *** the past decade,momentum towards the widespread adoption of OS practices has been primarily driven by declarations(e.g.,DORA,the Leiden Manifesto).These serve an important role,but for OS to truly take root,researchers also must be fully incentivized and rewarded for its *** requires research funders and academic leaders to take the lead in collaborating,with researchers in designing,and implementing new incentive structures,and to actively work to socialize these throughout the research *** US National Academies of Science,Engineering,and Medicine(NASEM)Roundtable on Aligning Research Incentives for OS is one such *** paper examines the strategy behind convening the Roundtable,its current participant makeup,focus,and *** also explores how this approach might be expanded and adapted throughout the global OS community.

关键词： Research assessment Incentives Open Science NASEM Roundtable

Robust Control of a Bevel-Tip Needle for Medical Interventional Procedures

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2020年第1期7卷 244-256页

作者： Surender Hans Felix Orlando Maria joseph Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkeeUttarakhand 247667India

In minimally invasive surgery, one of the main objectives is to ensure safety and target reaching accuracy during needle steering inside the target organ. In this research work, the needle steering approach is determined using a robust control algorithm namely the integral sliding mode control(ISMC) strategy to eliminate the chattering problem associated with the general clinical scenario. In general, the discontinuity component of feedback control input is not appropriate for the needle steering methodology due to the practical limitations of the driving actuators. Thus in ISMC, we have incorporated the replacement of the discontinuous component using a super twisting control(STC)input due to its unique features of chattering elimination and disturbance observation characteristics. In our study, the kinematic model of an asymmetric flexible bevel-tip needle in a soft-tissue phantom is used to evaluate stability analysis. A comparative study based on the analysis of chattering elimination is executed to determine the performance of the proposed control strategy in real-time needle steering with conventional sliding mode control using vision feedback through simulation and experimental results. This validates the efficacy of the proposed control strategy for clinical needle steering.

关键词： Minimal invasive surgery needle steering nonholonomic system robust control sliding mode control

On the application of additive manufacturing methods for auxetic structures: a review

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Advances in Manufacturing 2021年第3期9卷 342-368页

作者： Athul joseph Vinyas Mahesh Dineshkumar Harursampath Nonlinear Multifunctional Composites Analysis and Design(NMCAD)Laboratory Department of Aerospace EngineeringIndian Institute of ScienceBangalore560012India Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologySilcharAssam788010India

Auxetic structures are a special class of structural components that exhibit a negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR)because of their constituent materials,internal microstructure,or structural *** realize such structures,specialized manufacturing processes are required to achieve a dimensional accuracy,reduction of material wastage,and a quicker ***,additive manufacturing(AM)techniques play a pivotal role in this *** is a layer-wise manufacturing process and builds the structure as per the designed geometry with appreciable precision and ***,it is extremely beneficial to fabricate auxetic structures using AM,which is otherwise a tedious and expensive *** this study,a detailed discussion of the various AM techniques used in the fabrication of auxetic structures is *** advancements and advantages put forward by the AM domain have offered a plethora of opportunities for the fabrication and development of unconventional ***,the authors have attempted to provide a meaningful encapsulation and a detailed discussion of the most recent of such advancements pertaining to auxetic *** article opens with a brief history of the growth of auxetic materials and later auxetic ***,discussions centering on the different AM techniques employed for the realization of auxetic structures are *** basic principle,advantages,and disadvantages of these processes are discussed to provide an in-depth understanding of the current level of ***,the performance of some of the prominent auxetic structures realized through these methods is discussed to compare their benefits and *** addition,the influences of geometric and process parameters on such structures are evaluated through a comprehensive review to assess their feasibility for the later-mentioned ***,valuable insights into the applications,limitations,and prospects of AM for auxetic structures

关键词： Auxetic Additive manufacturing(AM) Negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR) Mechanical performance Unit-cell structure

A thermodynamic study of the removal of HCI and H2S from syngas

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2012年第1期6卷 67-83页

作者： joseph LEE Bo FENG School of Mechanical and lvlining Engineering the University of Queensland St Lucia Qld4072 Australia

Advanced integrated-gasification combined- cycle （IGCC） and integrated-gasification fuel cell （IFGC） systems require high-temperature sorbents that are capable of removing hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulfide from coal derived gases to very low levels. HCI and H2S are highly reactive, corrosive, and toxic gases that must be removed to meet stringent environmental regulations, to protect power generation equipment and to control the emissions of contaminants. The thermodynamic behavior of 13 sorbents for the removal of HCI and H2S under various conditions including： initial toxic gas concentra- tion （1-10000 ppm）, operating pressure （0.1-11 Mpa）, temperature （300 K-1500 K）, and the presence of H2O were investigated. The correlation between HC1 and H2S was also examined. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out for the reactions of the 113 sorbents using a FaetSage 5.2 software package based on free energy minimization. The sorbents, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, K2CO3, and CaO are capable of completely removing chlorine at high temperatures （up to -1240 K） and at high pressures. Water vapor did not have any significant effects on the dechlorination capability of the sorbents. Nine of the sorbents namely; Cu20, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, K2CO3, CaO, ZnO, MnO, FeO, and PbO, were determined to have great potential as desulfurization sorbents. Cu2Oand ZnO had the best performance in terms of the optimum operating temperature. The addition of water vapor to the reactant gas produces a slightly detrimental effi^ct on most of the sorbents, but FeO exhibited the worst performance with a reduction in the maximum operating temperature of about 428K. The dechlorination performance of the alkali sorbents was not affected by the presence of H2S in the reactions. However, the desulfurization capability of some sorbents was greatly affected by the presence of HC1. Particularly, the performance of Cu2O was significantly reduced when HC1 was present, but the performance ofFeO improved remarkably. gather

关键词： syngas cleaning sorbent desulfurization,dechlorination

A movable beast: glaciation in the Ediacaran

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National Science Review 2023年第8期10卷 119-120页

作者： joseph L. Kirschvink The Marine Core Research Institute Kochi University Division of Geological&Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology

Ediacaran time(635–543 million years ago [Ma]) represents the dawn of macroscopic life following two Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth episodes [1], where a runaway ice-albedo effect caused the entire planet to become en...

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Strange attractors, spiritual interlopers and lonely wanderers:The search for pre-Pangean supercontinents

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第2期5卷 155-166页

作者： joseph G.Meert Department of Geological Sciences 355 Williamson Hall University of Florida

The observation is made that there are very strong similarities between the supercontinents Columbia, Rodinia and Pangea. If plate tectonics was operating over the past 2.5 billion years of Earth history, and dominated by extroversion and introversion of ocean basins, it would be unusual for three superconti-nents to resemble one another so closely. The term＇strange attractor＇ is applied to landmasses that form a coherent geometry in all three supercontinents. Baltica, Laurentia and Siberia form a group of＇strange attractors＇ as do the elements of East Gondwana （India, Australia, Antarctica, Madagascar）. The elements of ＂West Gondwana＂ are positioned as a slightly looser amalgam of cratonic blocks in all three super-continents and are referred to as ＇spiritual interlopers＇. Relatively few landmasses （the South China, North China, Kalahari and perhaps Tarim cratons） are positioned in distinct locations within each of the three supercontinents and these are referred to as＇lonely wanderers＇. 〈br〉 There may be several explanations for why these supercontinents show such remarkable similarities. One possibility is that modern-style plate tectonics did not begin until the late Neoproterozoic and horizontal motions were restricted and a vertical style of ＇lid tectonics＇ dominated. If motions were limited for most of the Proterozoic, it would explain the remarkable similarities seen in the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents, but would still require the strange attractors to rift, drift and return to approximately the same geometry within Pangea. 〈br〉 A second possibility is that our views of older supercontinents are shaped by well-known connections documented for the most recent supercontinent, Pangea. It is intriguing that three of the four ＇lonely wanderers＇（Tarim, North China, South China） did not unite until just before, or slightly after the breakup of Pangea. The fourth＇lonely wanderer＇, the Kalahari （and core Kaapvaal） craton has a somewhat unique Archean-age geo

关键词： Columbia Rodinia Pangea Supercontinent Tectonics

Extended quantum molecular dynamics model predicts new breathing modes in^(36)Ar bubble nuclei

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第10期35卷 1-3页

作者： joseph B.Natowitz Department of Chemistry and Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

In theoretical investigations of^(36)Ar published by Ge Ren et al.(Phys Lett B 138990,2024),^(36)Ar bubble nuclei,char acterized by central density depletions,were studied using the extended quantum molecular dynamics *** novel density distributions—microbubble,bubble,and cluster resonances—were identified,each showing distinc spectral signatures in the gamma-ray decay spectrum o the isoscalar monopole resonance.

关键词： bubble quantum dynamics