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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2019年第4期9卷 439-449页

作者： joseph kamau muguro Minoru Sasaki Kojiro Matsushita Department of Mechanical Engineering Gifu University Gifu Japan

Road traffic accidents are a major cause of casualties and costly implications to all the stakeholders. Research focusing on the driver as one of the causal agent of accidents has been studied for centuries and with the advent of modernized driver assistance technologies. This paper sought to evaluate response of a driver using active-driving performance indicators like reaction time and physiological signal response (surface electromyogram), to understand hazard response behavior. Simulation of driving scenes was done using Unity3D engine and VR Head mounted display. The driver was presented with stimulus (collision objects) of different size and distance. From the results, an event scene that the driver considered hazardous was marked with increased electromyography response distinct from non-event scenes. From the results, we noted an increase in pedal misapplication during hazard response. The proposed approach is applicable in a real time driving analysis for on-road risk level classification.

关键词： SEMG Driver Response Behavior 3D-VR Hazard Response

Evaluating Hazard Response Behavior of a Driver Using Physiological Signals and Car-Handling Indicators in a Simulated Driving Environment

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Current perspectives and the future of disease-modifying therapies in type 1 diabetes

Journal of Transportation Technologies 2019年第4期

作者： joseph kamau muguro Minoru Sasaki Kojiro Matsushita

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World Journal of Diabetes 2025年第1期16卷 12-21页

作者： Sunetra Mondal joseph M Pappachan Department of Endocrinology NRS Medical College and HospitalKolkata 700014West BengalIndia Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal 576104India

Use of immunomodulating agents to prevent the progression of autoimmuneβ-cell damage leading to type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is an interesting area for *** include non-specific anti-inflammatory agents,immunologic vaccination and anti-inflammatory agents targeting specific immune cells or *** is an anti-CD3-molecule that binds to and leads to the disappearance of the CD3/TCR complex and rendering the T cell anergic to its target *** and clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in reducing the decline in serum C-peptide levels and the need for insulin therapy if used early in the disease process of *** benefits have been apparent as early as six months to as long as seven years after *** has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to delay the onset of clinical(stage 3)type 1 diabetes in children above 8 years of *** their recent metaanalysis published in the World Journal of Diabetes,Ma et al found that those in the teplizumab treatment group have a greater likelihood of reduction in insulin use,change in C-peptide response,and better glycemic control compared to the control group with a good safety ***,all the included randomized control trials have been conducted in high-income *** cost of therapy and unknown utility of the molecule in stage 3 disease limit its widespread use.

关键词： Teplizumab Type 1 diabetes mellitus Disease modifying therapy β-cell function C-peptide Immunotherapy

Comparative Study of Exhaust Emissions from Diesel and Syngas Powered 3.5 kW Compression Ignition Engine with and without Load

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2024年第8期12卷 30-46页

作者： Benson Kariuki Paul Njogu joseph kamau Robert Kinyua Sameer Bachani Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technical University of Mombasa Mombasa Kenya

Despite diesel engines being highly efficient, with low fuel consumption and reduced carbon dioxide emissions, they emit relatively high levels of particulate matter and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) due to high exhaust gas temperatures. Engine emissions show the quality and completeness of combustion. This paper aims to present the results of a study comparing exhaust emissions from a diesel and syngas powered engine. Syngas was produced from co-firing coal and biomass in a gasifier then cleaned, cooled and applied as an alternative fuel in an engine operated from 0 - 100% load. Exhaust-emissions were monitored at this load conditions. The exhaust-temperature was measured using thermocouples and the emission gases were analyzed using Testo 350. The emissions were lower and decreased as the engine load increased, except for sulphur dioxide and NOx. The study shows that levels of carbon monoxide, were higher in a range of 46.5 - 80.2%, while carbon dioxide was 3.3 - 18% higher compared to those from diesel. Hydrocarbon emissions were 480 and 1250 ppm for diesel and syngas respectively. The study reveals that the engine operates optimally at higher loads since hydrocarbons and oxides of carbon are low due to complete combustion at higher temperatures. Exhaust gas temperature was higher in the syngas fuel and increased as the engine load increased in the range of 455.83 - 480.03˚C which influenced the formation of NOx. NOx from diesel was found to be higher, ranging from 32.5 - 40.5%, compared to those from syngas with an engine load of 75%. The study observed that relative to diesel, the emissions of sulfur dioxide at 50% engine load were lower in a range of 23.7 - 57.1%. Emissions of hydrocarbons depended on the degree of substitution of diesel and engine load. The study therefore shows that, relative to diesel, emissions decreased when syngas was used with upgraded syngas from Prosporis juliflora presenting as the best alternative followed by Hyphanae compressa, and last

关键词： Emissions Engine Load Temperature Neat-Diesel Syngas

Influence of Substrate Proximate Properties on Voltage Production in Microbial Fuel Cells

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2020年第2期10卷 43-51页

作者： James kamau Mbugua Damaris Nduta Mbui joseph Mwaniki Francis Mwaura Salia Sheriff Department of Chemistry University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya School of Biological Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

In the current study, we investigate the influence of proximate properties of five different fruits on voltage and current generated from a double chamber microbial fuel cell. Fruits comprising of avocado, tomato, banana, watermelon and mango were analyzed for proximate properties using standard methods. Rumen fluid was used as the inoculum in fabricated H-shaped double chamber fuel cells with graphite rods electrodes at room temperature. The voltage and current generated were monitored daily for 30 days using a DT9205A digital multi-meter. The average moisture content for the fruits samples ranged from 82.86% - 95.16% while the crude fat was in the range of 0.12% - 0.33% with avocado having fat levels at 9.03%. Carbohydrates level was the highest in banana at 19.24% and the lowest in tomato waste at 2.93%. Tomato waste produced the highest voltage of 0.702 V on day 20 while lower voltage was noted in watermelon fruit wastes at 0.019 V. The voltage and current increased linearly with time for all the fruit wastes. These results indicate that substrate proximate properties influence the voltage and current generated in microbial fuel cell. In addition, moisture content and carbohydrates level were the major factors that influence microbial fuel cells performance.

关键词： Voltage Fruits Waste Proximate Current

Influence of surface modified mixed metal oxide nanoparticles on the electrochemical and mechanical properties of polyurethane matrix

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023年第1期17卷 1-14页

作者： joseph Raj Xavier Department of Chemistry Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennai-602105India

Newly synthesized functional nanoparticles,3-amino-1,2,4-triazole(ATA)/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)were introduced to the polyurethane(PU)*** techniques were used to investigate the barrier properties of the synthesized PU—ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)nanocomposite coated steel *** natural seawater,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments indicated outstanding protective behaviour for the PU—ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)coated *** coating resistance(Rcoat)of PU—ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)was determined to be 2956.90 kΩ·cm^(−2).The Rcoat of the PU—ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)nanocomposite coating was found to be over 50%higher than the PU *** current measured along the scratched surface of the PU—ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)coating was found to be very low(1.65 nA).The enhanced ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)nanoparticles inhibited the entry of electrolytes into the coating interface,as revealed by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of the degradation *** contact angle testing validated the hydrophobic nature of the PU—ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)coating(θ=115.4°).When the concentration of ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)nanoparticles was 2 wt%,dynamic mechanical analysis revealed better mechanical ***,the newly synthesised PU—ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)nanocomposite provided excellent barrier and mechanical properties due to the addition of ATA/SiO_(2)—TiO_(2)nanoparticles to the polyurethane,which inhibited material degradation and aided in the prolongation of the coated steel’s life.

关键词： SiO_(2)/TiO_(2)nanoparticle nanocomposite coatings dynamic mechanical analysis electrochemical techniques corrosion colloids and interfaces

Theoretical and Empirical Limits: Reexamining Betz’s Upper Limit towards a Practical Power Coefficients in Wind Turbines*

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第4期12卷 851-866页

作者： Richard M. Kimiti Francis N. Kariuki joseph N. kamau Timonah N. Soitah Department of Physics JKUAT University Nairobi Kenya

The aspiration of all wind turbine designers is to attain Betz’s upper limit, which represents the highest efficiency in wind energy extraction. Majority of working turbines operate slightly below this limit with an exception of a few operating in wind tunnels. This study proposes for a comprehensive reevaluation of Betz’s derivation, aiming to establish the gap between a theoretical power limit and a practical limit for realization. There are two common expressions for power coefficient giving the same optimal value of 59%, but they generate different power-coefficient curves when plotted against velocity ratios. This paper presents a new method being referred as “Direct Multiplication Fractional Change” (DMFC) for deriving power-coefficient curves in wind energy, and compares its generated curve with established models. Discrepancies in power-coefficient expressions are identified and harmonized. Three approaches, namely EVAM, LVM, and DMFCM, were used for the numerical derivation of cp in the study, with their evaluation summarized in a table. The study collaborates its findings with a formulated velocity-distance curve, commonly presented as a hypothetical velocity profile in some publications. The results from DMFCM indicate two distinct maxima for the power coefficient. On the front side of the disc, a maximum of 0.5 is achievable in practice, although it is not the highest theoretically. On the rear side, a theoretical maximum of 0.59 is observed, but this value is not attainable in practice. These maxima are separated by their positions along the line of flow relative to the disc. However, this approximation is limited to a streamlined flow model of the rotor disc.

关键词： Wind Turbine Betz’s Limit Power Coefficient Kinetic Pressure Rotor Disc

On Two Classes of Finite Inseparable p-Groups

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2015年第7期31卷 1203-1214页

作者： joseph KIRTL Department of Mathematics Marist College

A finite group is inseparable, it does not split over any proper nontrivial normal subgroup; that is, if it has no nontrivial semidirect product decompositions. This paper investigates two classes of finite inseparabl... 详细信息

关键词： p-group inseparable splitting

Toll-like receptor signaling in hematopoietic homeostasis and the pathogenesis of hematologic diseases

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Frontiers of Medicine 2015年第3期9卷 288-303页

作者： joseph Cannova Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program Loyola University Chicago Maywood IL 60153 USA Stritch School of Medicine Loyo& University Chicago Maywood IL 60153 USA Oncology Institute Loyola University Chicago Maywood IL 60153 USA Department of Pathology Loyola University Chicago Maywood IL 60153 USA Department of Biology Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL 60660 USA Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology Loyola University Chicago Maywood IL 60153 USA

Toll-like receptors （TLRs）, which are found in innate immune cells, are essential mediators of rapid inflammatory responses and appropriate T-cell activation in response to infection and tissue damage. Accumulating evidence suggests that TLR signaling is involved in normal hematopoiesis and specific hematologic pathologies. Particular TLRs and their downstream signaling mediators are expressed not only in terminally differentiated innate immune cells but also in early hematopoietic progenitors. Sterile activation of TLR signaling is required to generate early embryonic hematopoietic progenitor cells. In adult animals, TLR signaling directly or indirectly promotes differentiation of myeloid cells at the expense of that of lymphoid cells and the self renewal of hematopoietic stem cells during infection and tissue damage. Activating mutations of the MyD88 gene, which codes for a key adaptor involved in TLR signaling, are commonly detected in B-cell lymphomas and other B-cell hematopathologies. Dysregulated TLR signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of many hematopoietic disorders, including bone marrow failure, myelodysplastic syndrome, and acute myeloid leukemia. Complete elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which TLR signaling mediates the regulation of both normal and pathogenic hematopoiesis will prove valuable to the development of targeted therapies and strategies for improved treatment of hematopoietic disorders.

关键词： TLR MyD88 hematopoiesis bone marrow failure leukemia myelodysplastic syndrome

Modeling some long-term implications of CO_2 fertilization for global forests and forest industries

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第1期3卷 13-25页

作者： joseph Buongiorno Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin-Madison

Background： This paper explored the long-term, ceteris-paribus effects of potential CO2 fertilization on the global forest sector. Based on the findings of Norby et al. （PNAS 2005, 102（50）） about forest response to elevated [CO2]. Methods： Forest productivity was increased in the Global Forest Products Model （GFPM） in proportion to the rising [CO2] projected in the IPCC scenario A1B, A2, and 132. Projections of the forest area and forest stock and of the production, consumption, prices, and trade of products ranging from fuelwood to paper and paperboard were obtained with the GFPM for each scenario, with and without CO2 fertilization beginning in 2011 and up to 2065. Results： CO2 fertilization increased wood supply, leading to lower wood prices which in turn induced modest lower prices of end products and higher global consumption. However, production and value added in industries decreased in some regions due to the relative competitive advantages and to the varying regional effects of CO2 fertilization. Conclusion： The main effect of CO2 fertilization was to raise the level of the world forest stock in 2065 by 9 to 10 % for scenarios A2 and B2 and by 20 % for scenario A1B. The rise in forest stock induced by fertilization was in part counteracted by its stimulation of the wood supply which resulted in lower wood prices and increased harvests.

关键词： CO2 fertilization Climate change Prices Supply Demand International trade