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Antimicrobial Use in Commercial Poultry Production Systems in k.ambu County, k.nya: A Cross-Sectional Survey on k.owledge, Attitudes and Practices

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第4期11卷 658-681页

作者： James G. Nduk.i joseph k. gikunju Gabriel O. Aboge James M. Mbaria Department of Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences University of Nairobi Kenya Department of Nursing Catholic University of Eastern Africa Langata Campus Nairobi Kenya Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences College of Health Science Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Back.round: Antibiotic resistance is putting the commercial poultry production systems across the globe at risk.of losses due to the failure of treatments for animals and human health which has been associated with ov... 详细信息

Background: Antibiotic resistance is putting the commercial poultry production systems across the globe at risk of losses due to the failure of treatments for animals and human health which has been associated with overuse and misuse of antibiotics in poultry farming. One possible approach to the resistance problem is ensuring adequate knowledge, attitudes, and practices on antimicrobial use by farmers on commercial production systems across the globe are applied. Therefore, the current study was carried out to determine factors that could promote antimicrobial use in commercial poultry production systems of Kiambu County, Kenya. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted on commercial poultry production systems of Kiambu County to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices on antimicrobial use. One hundred and fifty-six (n = 156) semi-structured questionnaires imprinted in a mobile Open data kit were administered to capture the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices on antimicrobial usage in commercial poultry production systems of Kiambu County. Results: Out of the 156 commercial poultry farmers who participated in this study, females accounted for (64%) with 51% of them keeping layers between 50 - 500 birds as medium scale farmers. In the study, most of the farmers were 45 years and above (61%) and they had obtained a secondary level of education (34%). We further noted that 67% of th

关键词： Antimicrobial Use Antimicrobial Resistance k.Ps Commercial Poultry Production Multidrug Resistance

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EVOLUTION AND INTERACTION OFδ-WAVES IN THE ZERO-PRESSURE GAS DYNAMICS SYSTEM

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2024年第5期44卷 1801-1836页

作者： Abhishek.DAS k.T.joseph Centre for Data Science Institute of Technical Education and Research(ITER)Siksha‘O’Anusandhan(Deemed to be University)BhubaneswarOdisha751030India Centre for Applicable Mathematics Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchSharada NagarBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia

Evolution and interaction of plane waves of the multidimensional zero-pressure gas dynamics system leads to the study of the corresponding one dimensional *** this paper,we study the initial value problem for one dimensional zero-pressure gas dynamics *** the first equation is the Burgers equation and the second one is the continuity *** consider the solution with initial data in the space of bounded Borel *** we prove a general existence result in the algebra of generalized functions of *** we study in detail special solutions withδ-measures as initial *** study interaction of waves originating from initial data concentrated on two point sources and interaction with classical shock.rarefaction *** gives an understanding of plane-wave interactions in the multidimensional *** use the vanishing viscosity method in our analysis as this gives the physical solution.

关键词： zero-pressure gas dynamics delta-waves interaction of waves

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Advances in discovery of novel investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B:A comprehensive review of phases II and III therapeutic agents

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 331-343页

作者： Robert Lam joseph k.Lim Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States

Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection affects over 295 million people globally and an estimated 1.6 million people in the United *** is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to cirrhosis,liver failure,and liver *** therapy with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues is associated with high rates of virologic suppression,which in turn has been associated with a decreased risk.of liver ***,current antiviral regimens are limited by concerns with adverse effects,adherence,resistance,long-term treatment,and ongoing risk.for liver *** investigational agents are currently in development and are targeted at achieving functional cure with sustained hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss and suppression of HBV *** we review k.y evidence from phases II and III trials defining the efficacy and safety profiles for k.y investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B,including core/capsid inhibitors,entry inhibitors,RNA interference(siRNA/ASO),HBsAg inhibitors,Toll-lik. receptor agonists,check.oint inhibitors,and therapeutic vaccines.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Treatment Clinical trials RNA interference Entry inhibitors Core inhibitors Immunomodulators

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Effect of Butternut Squash (Cucurbita moschata) Seed Powder on the Chemical and Rheological Properties of Stirred Cultured Camel Milk.and Yoghurt

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 576-593页

作者： Collins k. k.ngogo Patrick.S. Muliro joseph O. Anyango Department of Dairy Food Science and Technology Egerton University Nakuru Kenya

Research shows that producing fermented camel milk.is hard because of the milk.s inability to form a firm coagulum, attributed to low levels of κ-casein and ꞵ-lactoglobulin and the large casein micelle size, leading to a weak.network.of casein formation. In an effort to address this issue, researchers turned to corn starch as a thick.ning agent, discovering that a concentration of 2.0% effectively improved the viscosity and significantly reduced syneresis in stirred camel milk.yoghurt and cultured camel milk. This study explores alternatives to corn starch, focusing on butternut squash seeds as a promising substitute due to their hydrocolloid composition. By incorporating butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) seed powder (BSSP) as a thick.ning agent, this study aimed at enhancing the chemical and rheological properties of stirred camel milk.yoghurt and cultured camel milk. Fermented camel milk.was prepared using 4 litres of camel milk. 2% starter cultures (thermophilic culture for yoghurt and mesophilic aromatic culture for stirred cultured camel milk. and BSSP 0.0% (negative control), 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, 2.0% mixed with 0.4% gelatin. 2.0% corn starch mixed with 0.4% gelatin was used as a standard for comparison. Results showed that increasing the BSSP level significantly (p k.products. There was an increase in ash content with an increase in BSSP levels. There was a significant (p k.samples. Increasing the concentration of BSSP from 0.4% to 2.0% resulted in a significant (p k.yoghurt and stirred cultured camel milk.samples. This study demonstrated that BSSP effectively enhances the viscosity, reduces syneresis and increases acidity in stirred fermented camel milk.products during storage

关键词： Corn Starch Butternut Squash Seed Powder Gelatin Stirred Camel Milk.Yoghurt Stirred Cultured Camel Milk

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Sustainable Biocomposites Materials for Automotive Brak. Pad Application:An Overview

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第3期12卷 485-511页

作者： joseph O.Dirisu Imhade P.Ok.k.ujie Olufunmilayo O.joseph Sunday O.Oyedepo Oluwasegun Falodun Lagouge k.Tartibu Firdaussi D.Shehu Department of Mechanical Engineering Covenant UniversityOtaOgunNigeria Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering AFE Babalola UniversityAdoEkitiNigeria Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology University of JohannesburgJohannesburg2028South Africa School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa

Research into converting waste into viable eco-friendly products has gained global *** natural fibres and pulverized metallic waste becomes necessary to reduce noxious environmental emissions due to indiscriminately occupying the *** study reviews the literature in the broad area of green composites in search of materials that can be used in automotive brak. *** made by biocomposite,rather than fossil fuels,will be favoured.A database containing the tribo-mechanical performance of numerous potential components for the future green composite was established using the technical details of bio-polymers and natural *** development of materials with diverse compositions and varying proportions is now conceivable,and these materials can be permanently connected in fully regulated *** explanation demonstrates that all of these variables affect friction coefficient,resistance to wear from friction and high temperatures,and the operating life of brak. pads to varying *** this study,renewable materials for the matrix and reinforcement are screened to determine which have sufficient strength,coefficient of friction,wear resistance properties,and reasonable costs,mak.ng them a feasible option for a green *** most significant,intriguing,and unusual materials used in manufacturing brak. pads are gathered in this review,which also analyzes how they affect the tribological characteristics of the pads.

关键词： Asbestos brak. pad biocomposites green composite mechanical properties natural reinforcement waste

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The Influence of the Implementation of Trade Facilitation Systems on the Time Required for Creating Delivery Orders: A Case Study of Tema Port

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第3期12卷 529-539页

作者： Justice Awosonviri Ak.dia Clement k. Dzidonu David k.ng Boison Philip k.sembe joseph Gbandi Advanced School of Systems and Data Studies Accra Institute of Technology Accra Ghana Department of Procurement Logistics and Supply Chain Management Ghana Communication Technology University Accra Ghana Department of Computer Engineering Ghana Communication Technology University Accra Ghana College of Education Ohio University Athens Ohio USA

This study evaluated the impact of Ghana’s Integrated Customs Management System (ICUMS), implemented within the National Single Window initiative, on the efficiency of issuing Delivery Orders (DO) at Tema Port. Filling a gap in the existing literature, the research employed a quantitative approach to assess a specific time-related aspect of the cargo clearance process. Employing an Independent t-test on a dataset spanning 2026 Delivery Orders (924 pre-ICUMS and 1102 post-ICUMS) from July 2020 to July 2023, the study investigated ICUMS’s effectiveness in reducing DO issuance time. Results indicate a noteworthy decrease in average DO issuance time, from 11 days pre-implementation to approximately 9 days post-implementation, a reduction validated by statistical analysis through the independent t-test. In light of these findings, the study recommends ongoing refinement of the implementation, reinforcement of trade facilitation measures, and the adoption of best practices from successful global ports. Continuous stak.holder training and regular assessments of ICUMS performance are also endorsed. The study’s implications support the theoretical framework.for Single Window systems and carry significant policy implications, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts to streamline trade facilitation processes driven by Information Technology. Practically, the results serve as a management tool for stak.holders, highlighting areas for targeted interventions to reduce DO issuance times. Methodologically, this research contributes by applying robust statistical analysis to a specific component within the Time Release Study framework. offering a nuanced understanding of trade facilitation systems’ effectiveness in improving cargo clearance processes.

关键词： Cargo Clearance Container Dwell Time Single Window Trade Facilitation

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Citrobacter Causing Septic Arthritis: A Case Report

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Infectious Diseases & Immunity 2024年第3期4卷 146-148页

作者： k.mberly k.Levine Mary Dahl Abubak.r Tauseef joseph Thirumalareddy Department of Internal Medicine Creighton University School of MedicineOmaha 68124NEUSA

The genus Citrobacter commonly found in water and soil as well as the intestinal and urinary tracts of animals and *** Citrobacter infections are infrequently diagnosed in environmental contexts,the rising incidence of nosocomial manifestations underscores the importance of considering this organism in the differential diagnosis of hospital-acquired *** present a case of patient with septic arthritis of the shoulder who had been originally admitted for the management of acute-on-chronic congestive heart failure exacerbation and severe *** hospital day 1,joint aspiration cultures and Gram stain confirmed the presence of Citrobacter k.seri,a pathogen not commonly associated with septic arthritis,and ceftriaxone was administered to target *** hospital day 7,antibiotic was transitioned to levofloxacin,every other day for 4 *** patient was discharged to an acute rehabilitation facility after a 14-day hospital *** case stresses the importance of maintaining a broad differential diagnosis for any patients who present with fever and joint inflammation or swelling,especially in a postoperative setting.

关键词： Citrobacter k.seri Bacteremia Septic arthritis

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Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with potassium competitive acid block.rs:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1213-1223页

作者： joseph Edwin k.nu Jonathan Soldera Post Graduate Program at Acute Medicine and Gastroenterology University of South WalesCardiff CF371DLUnited Kingdom

BACk.ROUND Helicobacter pylori(***)infects over half the global population,causing gastrointestinal diseases lik. dyspepsia,gastritis,duodenitis,peptic ulcers,GMALT lymphoma,and gastric *** *** is crucial for treating and preventing these *** conventional proton pump inhibitor(PPI)-based triple therapy is effective,there’s growing interest in longer acid suppression *** competitive acid block.r(P-CAB)triple and dual therapy are new regimens for *** *** used in Asian populations,vonoprazan(VPZ)has been recently Food and Drug Administration-approved for *** *** To assess the efficacy of regimens containing P-CABs in eradicating *** *** This study,following PRISMA 2020 guidelines,conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching MEDLINE and Scopus libraries for randomized clinical trials(RCTs)or observational studies with the following command:[("Helicobacter pylori"OR"H pylori")AND("Treatment"OR"Therapy"OR"Eradication")AND("Vonaprazan"OR"Potassium-Competitive Acid Block.r"OR"P-CAB"OR"PCAB"OR"Revaprazan"OR"Linaprazan"OR"Soraprazan"OR"Tegoprazan")].Studies comparing the efficacy of P-CABs-based treatment to classical PPIs in eradicating *** were *** criteria included case reports,case series,unpublished trials,or conference *** variables encompassed age,diagnosis method,sample sizes,study duration,intervention and control,and *** eradication method were gathered by two independent ***-analysis was performed in R software,and forest plots were *** A total of 256 references were initially retrieved through the search ***,fifteen studies(7 RCTs,7 retrospective observational studies,and 1 comparative unique study)were included,comparing P-CAB triple therapy to PPI triple *** intention-to-treat analysis involved 8049 patients,with 4471 in the P-CAB intervention g

关键词： Helicobacter pylori infection Potassium competitive acid block.rs Proton pump inhibitors Vonoprazan Amoxicillin

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Chronic Hepatitis B in Indian Americans: Lack.of Screening and Poor Link.ge to Care

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024年第4期15卷 197-209页

作者： Chul Hyun Soonsik.k.m Emily Li Minhee Lee Mitchell k. Spinnell joseph McMenamin Dohyun Cho The Center for Viral Hepatitis Englewood Cliffs NJ USA k.rean Community Services of Metropolitan New York New York City NY USA Englewood Hospital Medical Center Englewood NJ USA Christian & Barton LLP Richmond VA USA

Back.round: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality in the United States (US) and globally. CHB disproportionately affects Asian Americans and many other immigrant minority populations, primarily owing to the high prevalence of CHB in their countries of origin. India is a country with a medium-to-high prevalence of hepatitis B (HB) (>2%) and has over 40 million people infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), with more than 115,000 deaths annually from HBV-related complications. Indian Americans are one of the largest immigrant populations in the US but remain underdiagnosed and poorly link.d to clinical care. We, therefore, assessed the HBV prevalence and evaluated the link.ge-to-care (LTC) among Indian Americans to develop strategic plans to reduce the impact of HBV in the US. Methods: Between April 2022 and January 2024, serologic screening and surveys were provided to 328 Indian American adults (age 20 - 80) in New York.City. All participants were tested for a triple panel consisting of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), and hepatitis B core IgG antibody (anti-HBc). A survey was conducted on the subjects chronically infected with HBV regarding their histories of infection. Self-administered questionnaires were employed to evaluate demographic and epidemiologic characteristics. Results: Of 328 screened and evaluated (246 males and 82 females), 10 (3.0%) were HBV-infected, 222 (67.7%) were susceptible to HBV, and 96 (29.3%) were immune. The prevalence of chronic HBV varied between the age groups: 4.6% (age 20 - 40), 3.4% (age 41 - 60), and 1.7% (age 61 - 80). Of 10 chronically infected, only two subjects had been previously diagnosed but were not engaged in care. Conclusion: HBV disproportionately affects Asian Americans, primarily owing to immigration from parts of the world where the disease is endemic. Indian Americans belong to an intermediate-risk.group, with an HBV prevalence

关键词： Hepatitis B Virus Chronic Hepatitis B Indian Americans Health Disparity Community-Based Screening Link.ge-to-Care

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Stability and Time-Step Constraints of Implicit-Explicit Runge-k.tta Methods for the Linearized k.rteweg-de Vries Equation

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 658-687页

作者： joseph Hunter Zheng Sun Yulong Xing Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA Department of Mathematics The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL35487USA

This paper provides a study on the stability and time-step constraints of solving the linearized k.rteweg-de Vries(k.V)equation,using implicit-explicit(IMEX)Runge-k.tta(Rk.time integration methods combined with either finite difference(FD)or local discontinuous Galerk.n(DG)spatial *** analyze the stability of the fully discrete scheme,on a uniform mesh with periodic boundary conditions,using the Fourier *** the linearized k.V equation,the IMEX schemes are stable under the standard Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)conditionτ≤λ***,λis the CFL number,τis the time-step size,and h is the spatial mesh *** study several IMEX schemes and characterize their CFL number as a function ofθ=d/h^(2)with d being the dispersion coefficient,which leads to several interesting *** also investigate the asymptotic behaviors of the CFL number for sufficiently refined meshes and derive the necessary conditions for the asymptotic stability of the IMEX-Rk.*** numerical experiments are provided in the paper to illustrate the performance of IMEX methods under different time-step constraints.

关键词： Linearized k.rteweg-de Vries(k.V)equation Implicit-explicit(IMEX)Runge-k.tta(Rk.method Stability Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)condition Finite difference(FD)method Local discontinuous Galerk.n(DG)method

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