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spectral selectivity in infrared thermal detection

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Light(science & Applications) 2012年第1期1卷 56-66页

作者： joseph j Talghader Anand s Gawarikar Ryan P shea Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA

A review is made of the physics and technology of spectrally selective thermal detectors,especially those operating at non-cryogenic *** background radiation noise fluctuations are rederived for arbitrary spectral *** absorption due to phonons and free carriers is discussed followed by a review of published works on artificial infrared absorption materials such as patterned grids,nanoparticles,plasmonic structures,metamaterials and ***,the literature of the spectral characteristics of broadband thermal detectors and spectrally selective thermal detectors is ***,the authors speculate on the directions that future research and development in the area will take regarding architectures,sensitivity and spectral characteristics.

关键词： infrared detectors infrared materials radiation noise thermal detectors

TCR-pMHC: may the force be of you?

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第7期18卷 1622-1623页

作者： joseph s.Murray Xenolaüs Genetics LLC Los AngelesCA90024USA

Theα/βcomponent of the T-cell antigen receptor(TCR)is a transmembrane heterodimer containing genetically variable(V)domains and constant domains within each polypeptide chain.1 The Vαand Vβdomains bind with a clonally unique(clonotypic)interface angle,2 and the complementary determining regions(CDR1,CDR2,and CDR3)manifest as‘loops’between anti-parallelβ-strands of the overall sandwich ofβ-sheets with a central disulfide *** with immunoglobulins,the CDR1 and CDR2 loops are encoded in the germline via the particular V-region DNA segment involved in the RAG1/RAG2 recombination mechanism responsible for somatic construction,together with the D-and/or j-segment,of the third loop,CDR3.1,3 As shown by multiple solved X-ray crystallography structures,the CDRs contain the closest amino acid(a.a.)contacts with the peptide(p)plus the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)protein(together abbrev.,pMHC)composite *** rigorous selection in the thymus for only those TCRs that should function properly in the particular individual after birth(MHC restriction),4 T cells function clonally as well,i.e.,different T-cell clones display differential responses to not only different pMHC ligands but also perhaps more importantly,to the same pMHC ligands.5,6 A long-standing question is how(not whether)TCR V-domain binding to pMHC is ultimately responsible for such vast biological outcomes as protection *** to infectious diseases,atopy,the onset of autoimmune diseases,and the success of various types of transplantation.

关键词： properly sandwich rigorous

High-enthalpy hypersonic flows

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Advances in Aerodynamics 2020年第1期2卷 373-411页

作者： joseph j.s.shang Hong Yan Wright state University 3640 Colonel Glenn HighwayDaytonOH 45435USA school of Power and Energy Northwestern Polytechnical University127West Youyi RoadXi’an 710072China

Nearly all illuminating classic hypersonic flow theories address aerodynamic phenomena as a perfect gas in the high-speed range and at the upper limit of continuum gas *** hypersonic flow is quantitatively defined by the Mach number independent principle,which is derived from the asymptotes of the Rankine-Hugoniot ***,most hypersonic flows encounter strong shock-wave compressions resulting in a high enthalpy gas environment that always associates with nonequilibrium thermodynamic and quantum chemical-physics *** this circumstance,the theoretic linkage between the microscopic particle dynamics and macroscopic thermodynamics properties of gas is *** the air mixture is ionized to become an electrically conducting medium,the governing physics now ventures into the regimes of quantum physics and ***,the hypersonic flows are no longer a pure aerodynamics subject but a multidisciplinary *** order to better understand the realistic hypersonic flows,all pertaining disciplines such as the nonequilibrium chemical kinetics,quantum physics,radiative heat transfer,and electromagnetics need to bring forth.

关键词： Hypersonic flow Nonequilibrium chemical kinetics Ionization Quantum mechanics Electromagnetics Radiation

High strength and ductility of titanium matrix composites by nanoscale design in selective laser melting

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journal of Materials science & Technology 2022年第23期118卷 114-127页

作者： joseph A.Otte jin Zou Matthew s.Dargusch school of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Center for Microscopy and Microanalysis The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

The use of selective laser melting(sLM)to produce titanium matrix composites(TMCs)with high strength while retaining sufficient tensile ductility suitable for structural applications is emerging as an attractive opportunity in the field of advanced ***,the presence of coarse ceramic reinforcements as well as difficulties in optimizing the sLM process is a barrier to the application of *** this study,we demonstrated the production of TMCs reinforced with in situ high aspect ratio Ti B nanowhiskers by selective laser melting using nanosized BN powder *** Ti with 2.5 vol.%nanosized BN powder showed promise for producing high performance TMCs with retained *** acted to produce Ti B nanowhiskers with diameterst process furnace annealing Ti B retained a low diameter but exhibited a high aspect ratio,up to *** addition to Ti B refinement,nanosized BN addition promoted grain refinement during sLM,both acting as a solute to induce nucleation events and,as Ti B is formed,providing nucleation sites leading to an ultrafine grain structure in as printed samples and after *** produced TMCs exhibit high tensile yield strength,up to1392 MPa,while retaining tensile ductility up to 10%.This study has shown how nanoscale design in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing techniques can be used to produce high performance TMCs through a combination of refined grain structure and high aspect ratio Ti B leading to TMCs with significant improvement in strength,isotropic properties and retained tensile ductility.

关键词： Additive manufacturing selective laser melting Metal matrix composite Mechanical properties Nanostructure Nanowires

Electro-acupuncture to prevent prolonged postoperative ileus:A randomized clinical trial

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第1期16卷 104-111页

作者： M Kay Garcia joseph s Chiang Bob Thornton j Lynn Palmer jennifer McQuade Lorenzo Cohen Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine/Integrative Medicine M.D.Anderson Cancer CenterThe University of Texas Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine M.D.Anderson Cancer CenterThe University of Texas Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine M.D.Anderson Cancer CenterThe University of Texas Department of Behavioral science M.D.Anderson Cancer CenterThe University of Texas Department of GI Medical Oncology M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterThe University of Texas

AIM:To examine whether acupuncture can prevent prolonged postoperative ileus(PPOI)after intraperitoneal surgery for colon cancer. METHODs:Ninety patients were recruited from the Fudan University Cancer Hospital,shanghai,China. After surgery,patients were randomized to receive acupuncture(once daily,starting on postoperative day 1, for up to six consecutive days)or usual *** was defined as an inability to pass flatus or have a bowel movement by 96 h after *** main outcomes were time to first flatus,time to first bowel movement, and *** outcomes were quality of life(QOL)measures,including pain, nausea,insomnia,abdominal distension/fullness,and sense of well-being. REsULTs:No significant differences in PPOI on day 4 (P=0.71)or QOL measures were found between the *** were also no group differences when the data were analyzed by examining those whose PPOI had resolved by day 5(P=0.69)or day 6(P= 0.88).No adverse events related to acupuncture were reported. CONCLUsION:Acupuncture did not prevent PPOI andwas not useful for treating PPOI once it had developed in this population.

关键词： Acupuncture Gastrointestinal motility Gastrointestinal disorders Gastrointestinal neoplasms

A statistical procedure to assess the significance level of barriers to gene flow

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journal of Genetics and Genomics 2009年第11期36卷 685-693页

作者： sébastien Rioux Paquette Franois-joseph Lapointe Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology & school of Biological sciences Victoria University of Wellington Département de sciences Biologiques Université de Montréal

Although several methods are available to study the extent of isolation by distance （IBD） among natural populations, comparatively few exist to detect the presence of sharp genetic breaks in genetic distance datasets. In recent years, Monmonier＇s maximum-difference algorithm has been increasingly used by population geneticists. However, this method does not provide means to measure the statistical significance of such barriers, nor to determine their relative contribution to population differentiation with respect to IBD. Here, we propose an approach to assess the significance of genetic boundaries. The method is based on the calculation of a multiple regression from distance matrices, where binary matrices represent putative genetic barriers to test, in addition to geographic and genetic distances. simulation results suggest that this method reliably detects the presence of genetic barriers, even in situations where IBD is also significant. We also illustrate the methodology by analyzing previously published datasets. Conclusions about the importance of genetic barriers can be misleading if one does not take into consideration their relative contribution to the overall genetic structure of species.

关键词： genetic barriers genetic distances isolation by distance multiple regression on distance matrices partial regression coefficients

A novel trajectory-based online controller design approach to fault accommodation in NREL’s 5MW wind turbine systems

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Control Theory and Technology 2014年第2期12卷 122-131页

作者： Tushar jAIN joseph j.YAME Dominique sAUTER Aalto University school of Chemical Technology P. O. Box 16100 F1-00076 Aalto Finland Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy Universite de Lorraine 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France

This paper presents a real-time mechanism to tolerate faults occurring in a wind turbine （WT） system. This system is composed of a FAsT coded simulator designed by the U.s. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The demonstrated mechanism lies under the taxonomy of active fault-tolerant control （FTC） systems, namely online redesign based approach. In the proposed approach, we do not use any a priori information about the model of the turbine in real-time. In fact, we use online measurements generated by the WT. Based on the given control specifications, and the observed measurement an occurred fault is accommodated by reconfiguring the online controller such that the WT generates rated power even under faulty conditions. second, no explicit fault diagnosis （FD） module is used in this approach. As a result, issues of model uncertainty, false alarms, etc. associated with an integrated FD and controller reconfiguration approach to FTC systems are not experienced here.

关键词： Fault-tolerant control Behavioral theory Wind turbines Online controller redesign

Assessing the Effectiveness of strategies in Us Birth Cohort screening for Hepatitis C Infection

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journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第1期8卷 25-41页

作者： Cynthia j.Tsay joseph K.Lim Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA Yale Liver Center Section of Digestive DiseasesYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA

Chronic hepatitis C infection in the UsA is a highly morbid condition and current guidelines recommend one-time screening among the birth cohort(1945-1965).Understand-ing strategies to optimize screening can help inform future hepatitis C virus(HCV)screening guidelines.A focused literature search was performed using PubMed and manual abstract review from major hepatology conferences over the past 2 *** search strategy involved using Medical subject Headings terms for hepatitis C,screening,birth cohort,baby boomers,and *** review was limited to data from the UsA.A total of 327 articles were identified and 36 abstracts were included,with studies published between *** including clinician education,electronic medical record alerts,reflex HCV RNA testing,point-of-care testing,multisite(outpatient,inpatient,emergency department,endoscopy suite)initiatives,direct patient solicitation,and utilization of non-physician providers have increased HCV screening ***,broad imple-mentation remains less than *** include lack of patient acceptance to screening and engagement in the HCV care *** Veterans Affairs Healthcare system has achieved higher birth cohort screening rates through an integrated approach requiring high-level engagement by leadership and institutional *** strategies for increasing birth cohort screening have been successful,but overall rates of HCV screening remain *** strat-egies can inform public health efforts to implement emerging national recommendations for expansion of HCV screening to all *** age 18 or older.

关键词： Hepatitis C Epidemiology HCV antibody screening Birth cohort Baby boomers Care cascade Electronic medical records

Prediction of influence of process parameters on tensile strength of AA6061/TiC aluminum matrix composites produced using stir casting

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals society of China 2016年第6期26卷 1498-1511页

作者： j.jEBEEN MOsEs I.DINAHARAN s.joseph sEKHAR Department of Mechanical Engineering St.Xavier's Catholic College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering science University of JohannesburgAuckland Park Kingsway Campus

stir casting was used to produce AA6061/15%TiC （mass fraction） aluminum matrix composites （AMCs）. An empirical relationship was developed to predict the effect of stir casting parameters on the ultimate tensile strength （UTs） of AA6061/TiC AMCs. A central composite rotatable design consisting of four factors and five levels was used to minimize the number of experiments, i.e., castings. The factors considered were stirring speed, stirring time, blade angle and casting temperature. The effect of those factors on the UTs of AA6061/TiC AMCs was derived using the developed empirical relationship and elucidated using microstructural characterization. Each factor significantly influenced the UTs. The variation in the UTs was attributed to porosity content, cluster formation, segregation of TiC particles at the grain boundaries and homogenous distribution in the aluminum matrix.

关键词： aluminum matrix composite stir casting TiC tensile strength