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Factors Influencing Adoption of Biomass Energy Conservation Technologies in Selected Areas of Kitui County, Kenya

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2019年第2期8卷 70-81页

作者： Emily Kitheka Jacinta Kimiti Nellie Oduor Jane Wanza. Mutinda Celestine Ingutia joseph githiomi Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI) Nairobi 20412- 00200 Kenya South Eastern University of Kenya (SEKU) Kitui 170-90200 Kenya Kenyatta University Nairobi 43844-00100 Kenya

In Kenya, demand for biomass energy has increased due to increasing population and urbanization and high cost of alternative energy sources. This coupled with use of inefficient production and utilization technologies, has led to increased deforestation, environmental degradation and increased health impacts. In Kenya, a number of improved technologies have been developed and promoted;however, adoption still remains low. This study sought to assess factors influencing adoption of biomass energy conservation technologies in four selected areas of Kitui County, Kenya. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and guidelines for institutional and focus group discussions. Sampling was done through purposive and stratified random sampling. Results revealed three categories of biomass energy conservation technologies: energy saving stoves (46%), woodlots (9%) and improved charcoal conversion kilns (2%). The mean percentage adoption rate in the four study areas stood at 48% with Chuluni having the highest (51%) while Kitui West had the least (46%). Agriculture (28%), forestry (26%) and NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations)/CBOs (Community-Based Organizations)(23%) were indicated as the main sources of information, while field days (35%), community trainings (30%) and demonstrations sites (22%) were the most preferred dissemination channels. High cost of technologies, lack of awareness, financial constraints, cultural preferences, gender aspects, lack of follow up programmes and inadequate capacity to enforce implementation of existing energy policies and regulation were indicated as key constraints to adoption of technologies. The study recommends development of a joint implementation strategy and follow up programmes that will look at the cost of technologies, dissemination channels and involvement of stakeholders’ in development and dissemination of biomass energy conservation technologies.

关键词： Biomass energy conservation technologies dissemination adoption

ON THE GAUSSIAN KINEMATIC FORMULA OF *** AND ***

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2025年第1期45卷 200-214页

作者： joseph H.G.Fu Department of Mathematics University of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA

We apply methods of algebraic integral geometry to prove a special case of the Gaussian kinematic formula of *** idea,suggested already by Adler and Taylor,is to view the GKF as the limit of spherical kinematic formul... 详细信息

关键词： integral geometry kinematic formula probability density Gaussian density

Current perspectives and the future of disease-modifying therapies in type 1 diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2025年第1期16卷 12-21页

作者： Sunetra Mondal joseph M Pappachan Department of Endocrinology NRS Medical College and HospitalKolkata 700014West BengalIndia Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal 576104India

Use of immunomodulating agents to prevent the progression of autoimmuneβ-cell damage leading to type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is an interesting area for *** include non-specific anti-inflammatory agents,immunologic vaccination and anti-inflammatory agents targeting specific immune cells or *** is an anti-CD3-molecule that binds to and leads to the disappearance of the CD3/TCR complex and rendering the T cell anergic to its target *** and clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in reducing the decline in serum C-peptide levels and the need for insulin therapy if used early in the disease process of *** benefits have been apparent as early as six months to as long as seven years after *** has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to delay the onset of clinical(stage 3)type 1 diabetes in children above 8 years of *** their recent metaanalysis published in the World Journal of Diabetes,Ma et al found that those in the teplizumab treatment group have a greater likelihood of reduction in insulin use,change in C-peptide response,and better glycemic control compared to the control group with a good safety ***,all the included randomized control trials have been conducted in high-income *** cost of therapy and unknown utility of the molecule in stage 3 disease limit its widespread use.

关键词： Teplizumab Type 1 diabetes mellitus Disease modifying therapy β-cell function C-peptide Immunotherapy

Combining slow-release fertilizer and plastic film mulching reduced the carbon footprint and enhanced maize yield on the Loess Plateau

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 359-369页

作者： Xiaoqing Han Pengfei Dang Lechen Liao Fangqi Song Miaomiao Zhang Maoxue Zhang Guoqing Li Shuyue Wen Ning Yang Xiping Pan Xiaofan Wang WenWang Xiaoliang Qin Charles O.joseph Kadambot H.M.Siddique College of Agronomy Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess PlateauNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China Department of Crop Sciences and Beekeeping Technology College of Agricultural Sciences and Food Technology University of Dar es SalaamMwalimu Julius Nyerere Mlimani CampusP.O.Box 35091Dar es SalaamTanzania College of Life Science Yulin UniversityChongwen Road No.4YulinShaanxi719000China The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture&Environment The University of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6001Australia

Agricultural practices significantly contribute to greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,necessitating cleaner production technologies to reduce environmental pressure and achieve sustainable maize *** film mulching is commonly used in the Loess Plateau *** slow-release fertilizers as a replacement for urea within this practice can reduce nitrogen losses and enhance crop *** these techniques represents a novel agricultural approach in semi-arid ***,the impact of this integration on soil carbon storage(SOCS),carbon footprint(CF),and economic benefits has received limited research ***,we conducted an eight-year study(2015-2022)in the semi-arid northwestern region to quantify the effects of four treatments[urea supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-U),slow-release fertilizer supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-S),urea supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-U),and slow-release fertilizer supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-S)]on soil fertility,economic and environmental *** results revealed that nitrogen fertilizer was the primary contributor to total GHG emissions(≥71.97%).Compared to other treatments,PM-S increased average grain yield by 12.01%-37.89%,water use efficiency by 9.19%-23.33%,nitrogen accumulation by 27.07%-66.19%,and net return by 6.21%-29.57%.Furthermore,PM-S decreased CF by 12.87%-44.31%and CF per net return by 14.25%-41.16%.After eight years,PM-S increased SOCS(0-40 cm)by 2.46%,while PM-U decreased it by 7.09%.These findings highlight the positive effects of PM-S on surface soil fertility,economic gains,and environmental benefits in spring maize production on the Loess Plateau,underscoring its potential for widespread adoption and application.

关键词： Plastic film mulching Slow-release fertilizer Maize grain yield Carbon footprint Economic benefits

The Influence of Major Climatic Elements on the Devastated Geo-Hydrological Disasters: A Case of Hanang Disaster of 3rd December 2023 in Tanzania

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2025年第1期15卷 106-125页

作者： Asnath Alberto Malekela Stefan Sieber Jafari Swalehe Chobo joseph Ndunguru Department of Geography and History Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy Dar es Salaam Tanzania Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Mncheberg Germany Department of Agricultural Economics Humboldt University of Berlin Berlin Germany Department of Climatology and Climate Change Tanzania Meteorological Authority Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Changes in major climatic elements such as temperature, precipitation and wind distribution have triggered weather-related and geophysical disasters. In recent years, the globe has experienced an increased number of floods and landslide events which are said to be the most common among other natural disasters. This study examines the influence of climatic elements on the geo-hydrological disaster which occurred in Hanang district-Tanzania on 3rd December 2023. The study used the primary data collected from 182 respondents. Also, the trend analysis (1981-2023) was conducted using average rainfall from 7 meteorological stations in the study area. Annual and seasonal rainfall as well as a number of rainy days were analyzed. The calculated rainfall data were then used to compute the dimensions of the standardized precipitation anomalies (SPA) which is designated as SPA = (P − P*)/σp. Besides, the temperature was analysed to investigate its trend and trend anomaly. Also, the wind rose statistics for the annual, March to May (MAM) and October to December (OND) for the climatology period of 1991-2020 were analysed so as to examine its contribution to rainfall distribution in Hanang district. The examination of annual rainfall data indicates an upward trend in precipitation levels, accompanied by notable variability in rainfall patterns, including seasonal anomalies and deviations from historical averages. The combination of elevated rainfall, anomalies in rainfall patterns, and potentially unfavourable terrain characteristics may have contributed to devastated geo-hydrological disaster risk. However, future research is recommended that could focus on integrating rainfall and temperature data with comprehensive geo-hydrological susceptibility assessments, considering factors such as terrain stability, land cover and land use practices.

关键词： Climate Elements Climate Change Landslides Floods Geo-Hydrological Disasters

Effects of probiotic treatment on the prognosis of patients with sepsis: a systematic review

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2025年第1期16卷 18-27页

作者： Chao Gong Shengyong Xu Youlong Pan Shigong Guo joseph Harold Walline Xue Wang Xin Lu Shiyuan Yu Mubing Qin Huadong Zhu Yanxia Gao Yi Li Emergency Department the State Key Laboratory for ComplexSevere and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Emergency Department Qinghai Cardio-cerebrovascular Specialty HospitalXining 810012China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Southmead HospitalBristol BS105NBUK Department of Emergency Medicine Milton S.Hershey Medical Centerthe Pennsylvania State UniversityHershey 17033USA Department of Allergy&Clinical Immunology Peking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical College&Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesNational Clinical Research Center for Immunologic DiseasesBeijing 100730China Emergency Department the First Affi liated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China

BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a common acute and critical disease, leads to 11 million deaths annually worldwide. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the host and may benefit sepsis outcomes, but their effects are stil inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the overal eff ect of probiotics on the prognosis of patients with *** RESOURCES: We searched several sources for published/presented studies, including Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and the US National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials Register(***) updated through July 30, 2023, to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs) or observational studies that assessed the effectiveness of probiotics or synbiotics in patients with sepsis and reported mortality. We focused primarily on mortality during the study period and analyzed secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, in-intensive care unit(ICU) mortality and other ***: Data from 405 patients in five RCTs and 108 patients in one cohort study were included in the analysis. The overall quality of the studies was satisfactory, but clinical heterogeneity existed. All adult studies reported a tendency for probiotics to reduce the mortality of patients with sepsis, and most studies reported a decreasing trend in the incidence of infectious complications, length of ICU stay and duration of antibiotic use. There was only one RCT involving ***: Probiotics show promise for improving the prognosis of patients with sepsis, including reducing mortality and the incidence of infectious complications, particularly in adult patients. Despite the limited number of studies, especially in children, these findings will be encouraging for clinical practice in the treatment of sepsis and suggest that gut microbiota-targeted therapy may improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.

关键词： Sepsis Probiotics Synbiotics Mortality Gut microbiota

Establishment of Diagnostic Reference Levels for Childhood Head CT in the District of Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2025年第1期15卷 45-52页

作者： Koutoua joseph Anouan Raïssa-Michelle Kabas Jean-Paul Kouao Aboubakar Sidiki Diabaté Nuclear Physics and Radiation Protection Team Training and Research Unit Sciences of the Structures of Matter and Technology University Flix Houphouet-Boigny of Abidjan Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Basic and Bioclinical Sciences Training and Research Unit Medical Sciences University Flix Houphouet-Boigny of Abidjan Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Radiodiagnosis and Medical Imaging University Hospital of Treichville Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Computed tomography is an indispensable X-ray imaging modality used to diagnose numerous pathologies, but it can also involve the delivery of high ionizing radiation doses harmful to the health of patients. This study aims to survey the level of radiation doses delivered to child patients during head exams in CT imaging to set up the Dosimetric Reference Levels (DRLs), a routine dose optimization tool, based on data acquired at the University Hospital of Angré (UHA), the University Hospital of Treichville (UHT) and the Polyclinic Hospital Farah (Farah) for optimizing procedures in Ivorian hospitals. Prospectively performed on 334 CT images of 186 child patients, this study was carried out on CT systems such as Hitachi Scenaria, Sinovision Insitum, and Philips Incisive used respectively at UHA, UHT and Farah. Children’s scan data were classified into four age bands: vol or dose-length product as DLP) value, whatever the hospital, increases with respect to the age of child patients. Based on the 75th percentile of the whole dose distributions, the DRLs of the CTDIvol is 54.37 mGy whatever the age groups and those of the DLP with respect to age bands are 1224.55 mGy∙cm, 1414.06 mGy∙cm, 1632.24 *** and 1544.57 mGy∙cm, respectively. The averaged values of CTDIvol and DLP smaller than the corresponding DRLs values suggest that practices in our three facilities are optimized. However, comparing our results with those from different international studies, we see that the CTDIvol and DLP values obtained in the present work are higher. These results suggest additional surveys to ensure our DRLs values and efforts from radiologists, imaging technicians and medical physicists to strengthen clinical procedures for the radiation protection of children undergoing CT scans in Côte d’Ivoire.

关键词： Computed Tomography Childhood Head Imaging Radiation Protection Diagnostic Reference Levels

Preliminary Data of Flyng Insects in Aquatic Ecosystem: Ngatsouéné and Yo in Djambala (Department of Plateaux, Congo Brazzaville)

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Advances in Entomology 2025年第1期13卷 174-181页

作者： Tsoumou Anthelme Mikia Marcellin Olabi-Obath Durelle Brith Caelle Mady-Goma Dirat Isabelle Vouidibio joseph Laboratory of Research of Animal Biology and Ecology ENS University Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo Faculty of Applied Sciences University Denis Sassou-NGuesso Kintl Congo Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo

Insects represent an important taxon for the functioning of ecosystems. They also contribute to human and animal nutrition and are vector agents of several diseases. In Congo-Brazzaville the diversity of entomofauna is very little known. The present study aimed to investigate ponds. The inventory of insects was conducted in ponds Ngatsouéné and Yo, the first one was located in the center of Djambala and the last one was 2 km from the center of the city. The insects were caught with an entomological net from 23rd to 24th December 2012. The study identifies 37 species belonging to 17 families and 7 orders. This entomofauna study showed a high proportion of the Orthoptera order (27.20%). Family Mantidae has the largest species number (13.51%). Mantis sp is the most abundant species (13.51%). This is a database and therefore, should be extended to different aquatic ecosystems of the Department of Plateaux. The results obtained during this study will contribute to the development of a database for the management of entomofauna in Congo.

关键词： Djambala Pond Entomofauna Species Richness Ngatsouéné Yo

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自推进胶囊在小肠中移动时的优化控制

机械工程学报 2025年第03期 299-313页

作者：廖茂林李智朱佳鹏王泽旭 joseph Páez Chávez 北京科技大学机械工程学院北京科技大学井下智能控制研究院德累斯顿工业大学动力学研究中心

在消化道检测领域，传统的管线式内镜常给患者带来极大的心理负担与生理不适，胶囊内镜则因驱动方式和控制复杂等原因而难以对小肠部位开展全面而高效的检测。为此，考虑以双边约束的激振胶囊为研究对象，根据小肠结构的变化分别建立了... 详细信息

在消化道检测领域，传统的管线式内镜常给患者带来极大的心理负担与生理不适，胶囊内镜则因驱动方式和控制复杂等原因而难以对小肠部位开展全面而高效的检测。为此，考虑以双边约束的激振胶囊为研究对象，根据小肠结构的变化分别建立了扩张段和狭窄段的小肠-胶囊耦合动力学模型，并以小肠多变的摩擦环境以及对胶囊的包裹程度不同作为不稳定因素，分析了自推进胶囊的动力学行为规律。基于此，同时以胶囊的移动速度、单位能耗和对小肠壁冲击力作为优化目标，采用(Six-Sigma+NSGA-II+Monte-Carlo)组合优化算法获取胶囊可控移动对应的参数组合区间。最终，结合ADAMS动力学仿真与实验测试验证了当采用优化后的参数组合控制自推进胶囊时，可使其实现低能耗低冲击的定速定向移动。

关键词：小肠胶囊非光滑多目标优化运动控制