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Chemical exposures and suspected impacton gulf War Veterans

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Military Medical Research 2023年第5期10卷 577-586页

作者： Rami Elhaj joseph M.Reynolds Center for Cancer Biology Immunology and InfectionChicago Medical SchoolRosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth ChicagoIL 60064USA

gulf War Illness(gWI) encompass a spectrum of maladies specific to troops deployed during the Persian gulf War(1990–1991). There are several hypothesized factors believed to contribute to gWI, including(but not limited to)exposures to chemical agents and a foreign environment(e.g., dust, pollens, insects, and microbes). Moreover, the inherent stress associated with deployment and combat has been associated with gWI. While the etiology of gWI remains uncertain, several studies have provided strong evidence that chemical exposures, especially neurotoxicants,may be underlying factors for the development of gWI. This mini style perspective article will focus on some of the major evidence linking chemical exposures to gWI development and persistence decades after exposure.

关键词： gulf War Illness(gWI) Sarin Neuroinfammation Organophosphate(OP)

Institutional Capacity and the Roles of Key Actors in Fire Disaster Risk Reduction: The Case of Ibadan, Nigeria

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第5期13卷 716-728页

作者： Olusegun joseph Falola Samuel Babatunde Agbola Department of Urban and Regional Planning Lead City UniversityIbadan 200255Oyo StateNigeria Department of Urban and Regional Planning University of IbadanIbadan 200284Oyo StateNigeria

Inefficient and ineffective fire management practices are common to most urban areas of developing *** cities are typical examples of high vulnerability and low preparedness level for fire *** study examined the institutional framework for fire disaster risk reduction(FDRR) and explored the roles of key actors in fire disaster preparedness in Ibadan,a large traditional city in *** study was anchored on the concept of urban governance.A case study research design was adopted using primary and secondary *** data were obtained through field observation aided by a structured checklist and key informant *** were conducted on key officials of the major organs for FDRR-Oyo State Fire Service(OSFS) and Oyo State Emergency Management Agency(OYSEMA).The study identified a disjointed and fragmented approach to fire *** relating to fire risk reduction and disaster recovery were domiciled under the OYSEMA,while emergency response to fire disasters was the prerogative of the *** results show that only five out of 11 local government areas had public fire stations;only three fire stations had an on-site water supply;three fire stations lacked firefighting vehicles;and distribution of fire stations and facilities was *** fire stations responded to 80% of all fire cases in 12 *** study concluded that the institutional structure and resources for fire risk reduction was more empowered to respond to fire disaster,rather than facilitating preparedness capacity to reduce disaster risk.

关键词： Disaster preparedness Disaster risk Fire disaster Fire service Fire station

Immunotherapy in colorectal cancer: Available clinical evidence,challenges and novel approaches

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2019年第29期25卷 3920-3928页

作者： joseph Tintelnot Alexander Stein Department of Internal Medicine II (Oncology Center) University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg 20246 Germany

In contrast to other tumor types, immunotherapy has not yet become a relevant part of the treatment landscape of unselected colorectal cancer. Beside the small subgroup of deficient mismatch repair or microsatellite instable tumors (about 5%) as a surrogate for high mutational burden and subsequently high neoantigen load and immunogenicity, inhibitors of programmed death 1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and/or cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 were not or only modestly effective in metastatic colorectal cancer. Thus, a variety of combination approaches with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, toll-like receptor agonists, local ablation or oncolytic viruses is currently being evaluated in different disease settings. Despite several encouraging single arm data already presented or published, available randomized data are unimpressive. Adding PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to fluoropyrimidines and bevacizumab maintenance showed no beneficial impact on delaying progression. In refractory disease, the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 and MEK inhibitor was not different from regorafenib, whereas a PD-1/PD-L1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyteassociated antigen-4 inhibitor combination demonstrated better overall survival compared to supportive care alone. Clinical trials in all disease settings applying different combination approaches are ongoing and may define the role of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.

关键词： Immunotherapy Combination Colorectal cancer Metastatic Adjuvant

Small dissymmetry, yet large effects on the transport propertiesof electrolytes based on imide salts: Consequences on performancein Li-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第2期31卷 352-366页

作者： joseph Chidiac Laure Timperman Mérièm Anouti Laboratoire PCM2E Universitéde ToursParc de Grandmont37200 ToursFrance

To gain better insight into the influence of the anion size and symmetry on the transport properties and thermal stability of an electrolyte based on lithium(fluorosulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide(FTFSI)salt,we performed the physical and electrochemical characterization of an electrolyte based on FTFSI incorporated in standard binary(3 EC/7 EMC)and ternary(EC/PC/3 DMC)alkylcarbonate *** applying the Jones-Dole-Kaminsky(JDK),Eyring and Arrhenius empirical models to the electrolyte viscosity we show that the activation enthalpy and entropy energy barriers(ΔH≠,ΔS≠)for viscous flow are between 12 and 15 kJ·mol^(-1).They are strongly dependent on the solvent nature and are significantly lower than their symmetric anions LiFSI and LiTFSI(19-20 kJ·mol^(-1))in the binary ***,the hydrodynamic radius,rs,calculated by JDK,and the ionicity behavior illustrated by the Walden role,showed that the FTFSI anion is outside the solvation sphere(rs>0.6 nm)which is smaller in the case of an EC/EMC solvent *** the 3 EC/7 EMC solvent mixture,LiFTFSI is less conductive than in the ternary mixture i.e.,σ_(max)=8.9 mS cm^(-1) at C_(max)=1.1 mol L^(-1) for 3 EC/7 EMC and,σ_(max)=10.5 mS cm^(-1) at max=0.7 mol L^(-1) for EC/PC/3 DMC,due to a strong solvation and a greater association of FTFSI ions in the binary solvent *** thermal stability of FTFSI based electrolytes was determined by the shift of the evaporation temperature of the volatile solvents(DMC,EMC)in the presence of salt,towards the higher *** feature is visible on the thermograms obtained by DSC both with the liquid electrolyte and with charged LMO cathodes in presence of *** consequences of these properties on the electrochemical behavior of a graphite(gr)half-cell,a lithium metal(Li)anode and a manganese lithium oxide(LMO)cathode demonstrated on the one hand the formation of a thick solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on graphite that consumed a significant amou

关键词： LiFTFSI Electrolyte Viscosity Interface Li-ion battery

The impact of cleft lip and palate repair on maxillofacial growth

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International Journal of Oral Science 2015年第1期7卷 14-17页

作者： Bing Shi joseph E Losee State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University University Cleft-Craniofacial Center Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh

Surgical correction is central to current team-approached cleft treatment. Cleft surgeons are always concerned about the impact of their surgical maneuver on the growth of the maxilla. Hypoplastic maxilla, concaved mid-face and deformed dental arch have constantly been reported after cleft treatments. It is very hard to completely circumvent these postoperative complications by current surgical protocols. In this paper, we discussed the factors that inhibit the maxillofacial growth on cleft patients. These factors included pre-surgical intervention, the timing of cleft palate and alveolae repair, surgical design and treatment protocol. Also, we made a review about the influence on the maxillary growth in un-operated cleft patients. On the basis of previous researches, we can conclude that most of scholars express identity of views in these aspects： early palatoplasty lead to maxilla growth inhibition in all dimensions; secondary alveolar bone graft had no influence on maxilla sagittal growth; cleft lip repair inhibited maxilla sagittal length in patients with cleft lip and palate; Veau＇s pushback palatoplasty and Langenbeck＇s palatoplasty with relaxing incisions were most detrimental to growth; Furlow palatoplasty showed little detrimental effect on maxilla growth; timing of hard palate closure, instead of the sequence of hard or soft palate repair, determined the postoperative growth. Stilt, scholars hold controversial viewpoints in some issues, for example, un-operated clefts have normal growth potential or not, pre-surgical intervention and pharyngoplasty inhibited maxillofacial growth or not.

关键词： cleft growth maxilla surgical repair

Application of artificial intelligence techniques in modeling attenuation behavior of ionization radiation: a review

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2023年第1期7卷 56-83页

作者： joseph Konadu Boahen Samir A.Elsagheer Mohamed Ahmed S.g.Khalil Mohsen A.Hassan Materials Science and Engineering Department School of Innovative Design EngineeringEgypt-Japan University of Science and Technology(E-JUST)P.O.Box 179New Borg El-Arab CityEgypt Computer Science and Information Technology Programs Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology(E-JUST)AlexandriaEgypt Faculty of Engineering Aswan UniversityAswanEgypt Institute of Basic and Applied Science Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology(E-JUST)179 New Borg El-Arab CityAlexandriaEgypt Environmental and Smart Technology group Faculty of ScienceFayoum UniversityFayoum63514Egypt

Introduction Shielding of ionizing radiations,which are gamma rays,neutrons,and X-rays,can be achieved by attenuating its intensity using different *** is therefore crucial in ensuring the safety of lives and essential equipment in areas such as nuclear power plants,radiotherapy facilities,space exploration,and *** Intelligent technologies have become desirable in modeling shielding materials’attenuation behavior due to their unique *** The overview aims to present the recent application of AI technologies in modeling the radiation attenuation behavior of *** A total of 41 relevant articles were obtained using Scopus and web of science *** search was restricted to articles and conference papers published within the last two *** From the overview,it was realized that AI techniques can predict the attenuation properties of shielding materials and optimize the shield *** methods can be grouped into predictive models which are:fuzzy logic,Support Vector Regression,Neural Networks,and optimization models which include genetic algorithms,Ant Colony,and Particle Swarm *** networks are the most robust and widely used *** predictive models are used in predicting parameters such as attenuation coefficient,buildup factor,shield thickness,and radiation dose rates,whiles the optimization techniques are employed in single and multi-objective attenuator *** In the overview,the accuracies and complexities of the various AI techniques have been discussed giving insight into their *** AI techniques are easy to model compared to conventional methods and can save computational time when coupled with conventional statistical and deterministic models or employed as a standalone technique.

关键词： Ionization radiation Attenuation behavior Artificial intelligence Modeling

Comparative Efficacies of Next-generation Insecticides Against Yellow Stem Borer and Their Effects on Natural Enemies in Rice Ecosystem

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Rice science 2019年第3期26卷 157-166页

作者： Muhammad Matiar RAHAMAN Michael joseph STOUT Department of Agriculture Pakutia College Department of Entomology Louisiana State University

The efficacies of some next-generation insecticides against the rice yellow stem borer(YSB),Scirpophaga incertulas(Walk.), and their compatibilities with natural enemies were investigated during 2014 and 2015. Three newer insecticides, chlorantraniliprole 0.4% g, dinotefuran 20% Sg, and methoxyfenozide 24% SC, and two commonly used insecticides, carbufuran 5 g and quinalphos 25 EC,were evaluated in the field for their efficacies against YSB and their non-target effects on natural *** of chlorantraniliprole 0.4% g at 10.96 kg/hm^2 resulted in the greatest reduction in YSB infestation(deadhearts and whiteheads) and greatest increase of yield compared to the untreated control plots, followed by methoxyfenozide 24% SC at 0.41 L/hm^2, dinotefuran 20% Sg at 0.15 kg/hm^2,carbufuran 5 g at 10.96 kg/hm^2, and quinalphos 25 EC at 1.50 L/hm^2. All the insecticides reduced the numbers of predators viz., lady bird beetles, wolf spiders, carabid beetles, earwigs, green mirid bugs, and damselflies. Numbers of adults of the egg parasitoids Trichogramma sp., Telenomus sp. and Tetrastichus sp. were significantly reduced in insecticide-treated plots compared to untreated control plots. In all field trials, the harmful effects of the five insecticides were in the following rank order(least harmful to most harmful): chlorantraniliprole 0.4% g, carbufuran 5 g, dinotefuran 20% Sg, methoxyfenozide 24% SC,and quinalphos 25 EC. On the basis of reduction in YSB infestation, increase in grain yield, and compatibility with natural enemies, chlorantraniliprole 0.4% g was proved to be the best of all the insecticides for YSB management system, although the study suggested minimizing its retail price for enhancement of cost effectiveness in farmers' fields.

关键词： insecticide yellow stem borer natural enemy chlorantraniliprole rice yield

Optically stimulated luminescence dating of aeolian sand in the Otindag dune field and Holocene climate change

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第6期51卷 837-847页

作者： joseph MASON James SWINEHART Ronald gOBLE Department of geography University of Wisconsin Madison School of Natural Resources IANR University of Nebraska-Lincoln Department of geosciences University of Nebraska-Lincoln

The dune system in Otindag sand field of northern China is sensitive to climate change, where effective moisture and related vegetation cover play a controlling role for dune activity and stability. Therefore, aeolian deposits may be an archive of past environmental changes, possibly at the millennial scale, but previous studies on this topic have rarely been reported. In this study, thirty-five optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of ten representative sand-paleosol profiles in Otindag sand field are ob-tained, and these ages provide a relatively complete and well-dated chronology for wet and dry varia-tions in Holocene. The results indicate that widespread dune mobilization occurred from 9.9 to 8.2 ka, suggesting a dry early Holocene climate. The dunes were mainly stabilized between 8.0 and 2.7 ka, implying a relatively wet climate, although there were short-term penetrations of dune activity during this wet period. After ~2.3 ka, the region became dry again, as inferred from widespread dune activity. The '8.2 ka' cold event and the Little Ice Age climatic deterioration are detected on the basis of the dune records and OSL ages. During the Medieval Warm Period and the Sui-Tang Warm Period (570-770 AD), climate in Otindag sand field was relatively humid and the vegetation was denser, and the sand dunes were stabilized again. These aeolian records may indicate climate changes at millennial time scale during Holocene, and these climatic changes may be the teleconnection to the climate changes elsewhere in the world.

关键词： Otindag sand field OSL dating Holocene drought dune

The role of undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells in peripheral nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第5期13卷 757-763页

作者： Rui Zhang joseph M.Rosen Dartmouth geisel School of Medicine Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center

Peripheral nerve injuries impose significant health and economic consequences, yet no surgical repair can deliver a complete recovery of sensory or motor function. Traditional methods of repair are less than ideal： direct coaptation can only be performed when tension-free repair is possible, and transplantation of nerve autograft can cause donor-site morbidity and neuroma formation. Cell-based therapy delivered via nerve conduits has thus been explored as an alternative method of nerve repair in recent years. Stem cells are promising sources of the regenerative core material in a nerve conduit because stem cells are multipotent in function, abundant in supply, and more accessible than the myelinating Schwann cells. Among different types of stem cells, undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cell（uASC）, which can be processed from adipose tissue in less than two hours, is a promising yet underexplored cell type. Studies of uASC have emerged in the past decade and have shown that autologous uASCs are non-immunogenic, easy to access, abundant in supply, and efficacious at promoting nerve regeneration. Two theories have been proposed as the primary regenerative mechanisms of uASC： in situ trans-differentiation towards Schwann cells, and secretion of trophic and anti-inflammatory factors. Future studies need to fully elucidate the mechanisms, side effects, and efficacy of uASC-based nerve regeneration so that uASCs can be utilized in clinical settings.

关键词： peripheral nerve injury adipose-derived stem cells Schwann cells cell therapy nerve conduits axonal regeneration stem cell differentiation neurotrophic factors anti-apoptosis immunosuppression