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Obesity is associated with decreased risk of microscopic colitis in women

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第2期28卷 230-241页

作者： Robert S Sandler Temitope O Keku John T Woosley Dale P Sandler joseph A Galanko Anne f Peery Department of Medicine University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27514-7555United States Department of Medicine University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27514-7555United States Department of PathologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27514United States Department of Health and Human Services National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesDurhamNC 27709United States

BACKGROUND Microscopic colitis is a leading cause of diarrhea in the older *** is limited information about risk *** hypothesized that obesity would be associated with microscopic *** To examine the association between obesity and microscopic colitis in men and women undergoing *** We conducted a case-control study at the University of North Carolina *** identified and enrolled men and women referred for elective,outpatient colonoscopy for chronic *** excluded patients with a past diagnosis of Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.A research pathologist reviewed biopsies on every patient and classified them as microscopic colitis cases or non-microscopic colitis *** provided information on body weight,height and exposure to medications via structured interviews or Internet based *** analysis included 110 patients with microscopic colitis(cases)and 252 nonmicroscopic colitis *** analyses were performed using logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95%confidence *** Cases were older and more likely than controls to be white *** subjects were well educated,but cases were better educated than *** with microscopic colitis had lower body mass index than controls and reported more weight loss after the onset of *** to patients who were normal or under-weight,obese(BMI>30 kg/m2)patients were substantially less likely to have microscopic colitis after adjusting for age and education,adjusted OR(aOR)0.35,95%confidence interval(CI)0.18-0.66).When stratified by sex,the association was limited to obese women,aOR 0.21,95%CI:*** with microscopic colitis were more likely to report weight loss after the onset of *** stratifying by weight loss,there remained a strong inverse association between obesity and microscopic colitis,aOR 0.33,95%CI:0.10-1.11 among the patients who did not lose *** use of birth

关键词： Colitis Microscopic/epidemiology Humans Diarrhea/epidemiology Obesity

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Developed correlations between sound wave velocity and porosity, permeability and mechanical properties of sandstone core samples

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Petroleum Research 2020年第4期5卷 326-338页

作者： Ghareb Hamada Veronique joseph Petroleum Engineering depuroment College of Engineering American University of KurdistanKurdistanlrag Petroleurm Enginering Department Faculty of Engineering University Teknologi PetronasMalaysia

In the evaluation of a petroleum reserve,it is necessary to accurately determine certain petrophysical properties such as porosity and permeability of the reservoir rocks and rock mechanical *** properties are key factors in the reservoir descniption and geomechanical properties are determining parameters in drilling operations and in stimulation and hydraulic fracturing jobs and also the development plans for given *** is more convenient to use homogenous rock samples with nearly constant initial permeability;however,obtaining such cores is very *** this paper a simulated natural and homogeneous compacted sandstone rock with known physical and petrophysical propertie were *** properties of reservoir rocks incude pore size distribution;grain size,cementing material concentration,and confining pressure affect rock porosity and *** wave velocity was measured using an ultra sound tool on different sandstone core *** cor-relations have been developed between sound wave velocity(Vp and Vs)the petrophysical properties mainly porosity and *** correlations have been found between seismic wave ve-locity(Vp,Vs and VpVs)and mechanical parameters namely Young's modulus,shear modulus,bulk modulus and Poison's atio for sandstone core *** study has been carried out on dry core samples and core samples with different water saturations and results showed that there are changes in the correlation between seismic wave velocity and mechanical and ptrophysical properties as function of water saturation change from dry rock to water wet rock.

关键词： Seismic wave Porosity Permeability Mechanical parameters Sand core Samples Water saturation

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A Pressure-Drop Model for Oil-Gas Two-Phase flow in Horizontal Pipes

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fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2021年第2期17卷 371-383页

作者： Xinke Yang Shanzhi Shi Hui Zhang Yuzhe Yang Zilong Liu Ruiquan Liao joseph X.f.Ribeiro Engineer Technology Research Institute of Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay834000China School of Petroleum Engineering Yangtze UniversityWuhan430100China Laboratory of Multiphase Pipe flow of Gas Lift Innovation Center CNPC(Yangtze University)Wuhan430100China Kumasi Technical University KumasiGhana

The accurate prediction of the pressure distribution of highly viscous fluids in wellbores and pipelines is of great significance for heavy oil production and *** flow behavior of high-viscosity fluids is quite different with respect to that of low-viscosity ***,the performances of existing pressure-drop models seem to be relatively limited when they are applied to high-viscosity *** this study,a gas-liquid two-phase flow experiment has been carried out using a 60 mm ID horizontal pipe with air and white *** experimental results indicate that viscosity exerts a significant influence on the liquid holdup and pressure *** the same gas and liquid volume,both the liquid holdup and pressure drop increase with an increase in the *** two existing models,a modified pressure drop method is developed,which is applicable to horizontal pipes for different viscosities and does not depend on the flow *** new method displays a high accuracy in predicting the new experimental data presented here and other published data in literature.

关键词： Horizontal pipe different viscosities pressure drop model gas-liquid two-phase flow

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TCR-pMHC: may the force be of you?

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第7期18卷 1622-1623页

作者： joseph S.Murray Xenolaüs Genetics LLC Los AngelesCA90024USA

Theα/βcomponent of the T-cell antigen receptor(TCR)is a transmembrane heterodimer containing genetically variable(V)domains and constant domains within each polypeptide chain.1 The Vαand Vβdomains bind with a clonally unique(clonotypic)interface angle,2 and the complementary determining regions(CDR1,CDR2,and CDR3)manifest as‘loops’between anti-parallelβ-strands of the overall sandwich ofβ-sheets with a central disulfide *** with immunoglobulins,the CDR1 and CDR2 loops are encoded in the germline via the particular V-region DNA segment involved in the RAG1/RAG2 recombination mechanism responsible for somatic construction,together with the D-and/or J-segment,of the third loop,CDR3.1,3 As shown by multiple solved X-ray crystallography structures,the CDRs contain the closest amino acid(a.a.)contacts with the peptide(p)plus the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)protein(together abbrev.,pMHC)composite *** rigorous selection in the thymus for only those TCRs that should function properly in the particular individual after birth(MHC restriction),4 T cells function clonally as well,i.e.,different T-cell clones display differential responses to not only different pMHC ligands but also perhaps more importantly,to the same pMHC ligands.5,6 A long-standing question is how(not whether)TCR V-domain binding to pMHC is ultimately responsible for such vast biological outcomes as protection *** to infectious diseases,atopy,the onset of autoimmune diseases,and the success of various types of transplantation.

关键词： properly sandwich rigorous

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The treatment of the“untreatable”patient-revisited

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第5期9卷 885-887页

作者： joseph B. Kirsner The Louis Block Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine Section of GastroenterologyDepartment of Medicineuniversity of ChicagoUSA

The limits of medicine have not yet been reached. Numerous human illnesses initially thought to be incurable are reversible under unique and unpredictable individual *** paper, and the preceding companion publication,describes instances of the successful treatment of patients previously labeled as untreatable, including instances of severe ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

关键词：消化道疾病难治性疾病急性溃疡性大肠炎克隆病综述

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The current status of galaxy formation

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第8期12卷 917-946页

作者： joseph Silk Gary A.Mamon Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (UMR 7095:CNRS&UPMC) 98 bis Boulevard AragoParis 75014France Department of Physics and Astronomy 3701 San Martin DriveThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore MD 21218USA Beecroft Institute of Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology 1 Keble RoadUniversity of OxfordOxford OX1 3RHUK

Understanding galaxy formation is one of the most pressing issues in cos- mology. We review the current status of galaxy formation from both an observational and a theoretical perspective, and summarize the prospects ... 详细信息

关键词： galaxy: formation -- galaxies: evolution -- galaxies: star formation --galaxies: active

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Supporting farmer-managed irrigation systems in the Shigar valley, Karakorum： Role of the government and Aga Khan Rural Support Programme

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第10期14卷 2064-2081页

作者： joseph K.W.HILL Department of Rural Management Xavier Institute of Social Sciences (XISS) Dr Gamil Bulcke Path Post Box 7 Ranchi- 834001 India

farmer-managed irrigation systems(fMIS) in the high altitude valleys of the Karakorum,Pakistan, continue to be managed effectively despite increased pressure on the social arrangements that sustain them. Colonial era records shows that over a century ago government agencies undertook irrigation support projects. In the past three decades,government agencies and the non-government agency Aga Khan Rural Support Programme(AKRSP), which channels foreign funds into the region, have actively engaged in the provision of irrigation support. This article seeks to explore whether such projects support or undermine farmer-managed irrigation systems and the complex institutional arrangements that underpin them. field research using ethnographic and participatory methods was conducted in spring 2013 in the upper Shigar valley, Skardu district, GilgitBaltistan. The findings show that irrigation development is a political activity that involves village-based actors, religious leaders, local politicians,and government and non-government *** agencies operate in a largely top-down,engineering mode, their larger projects limited to villages suffering water scarcity. The local government provides small funds for renovation work of fMIS,though allocation of funds is highly politicized. Nongovernment agencies, for a variety of reasons including donor-funding cycles, apply a one-size-fitsall ‘participatory' model in an attempt to socially engineer rules and institutions. In communities divided by factionalism the use of such external models that stress formation of committees are unlikely to yield positive results, and could instead contribute to undermining the very systems they seek to support. This research argues that irrigation interventions should take care to build upon the rich and complex social arrangements that have sustained fMIS through the centuries.

关键词： farmer-managed irrigation systems Institutional arrangements Government Aga Khan Rural Support Programme Shigar valley Karakorum

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Simulation of Desert-Scrub Growth: A forcing to Warmer and More Pluvial Climate

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1992年第4期9卷 441-450页

作者： joseph Otterman Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv Israel present address NASA/Goddard Space flight Center Code 911 Greenbelt MD 20771 U. S. A.esert-fringe vegetation growing over bright sandy soils reduces the surface albedo from above 0.4 to well below 0.3. Called desert-scrub these shrubs form a predominantly vertical clumps protruding from the soil-level thereby significantly increasing the coefficient of turbulent heat transfer from the surface. The impact on global and desert-belt climate of changes in these two surface characteristics was simulated by a multi-layer energy balance tnodel. Evaluated only as a forcing to a further climatic change (that is without accounting for any possible feedbacks) the results are: if vegetation (such as apparently existed under the warmer climate of 6000 BP ) grows over large areas in the arid currently bare-soil regions the annual Northern Hemisphere surface temperature increases by 0.7t (by 0.6'C in July ) the surface temperature over land in the 20-30°N zone increases by 0.9℃ in both the annual and the July means and the land-ocean annual temperature contrast in this zone increases by 0.25℃(0.2° in July). These results represent the combined influence of the reduction in the surface albedo and of the increase in the coefficient of turbulent heat transfer. In the desert-belt zones the increase in the transfer coefficient sharply reduces the land temperature and the land-ocean temperature contrast from the values produced by the albedo change alone. This reduction must be attributed to the increased land-to-ocean circulation (which our model does not evaluate explicitly). Considering that a stronger circulation (resulting from land-ocean temperature contrast) generally forces a higher rainfall the vegetation which emerged in the arid regions during the post-glacial optimum should be considered a significant positive feedback towards a still warmer and also a more pluvial climate. Our study may have implications for the 21st century if the global warming expected from the

Desert-fringe vegetation growing over bright, sandy soils reduces the surface albedo from above 0.4 to well below 0.3. Called desert-scrub, these shrubs form a predominantly vertical clumps protruding from the soil-level, thereby significantly increasing the coefficient of turbulent heat transfer from the surface. The impact on global and desert-belt climate of changes in these two surface characteristics was simulated by a multi-layer energy balance tnodel. Evaluated only as a forcing to a further climatic change (that is, without accounting for any possible feedbacks) the results are: if vegetation (such as apparently existed under the warmer climate of 6,000 BP ) grows over large areas in the arid, currently bare-soil regions, the annual Northern Hemisphere surface temperature increases by 0.7t (by 0.6'C in July ), the surface temperature over land in the 20-30°N zone increases by 0.9℃ in both the annual and the July means, and the land-ocean annual temperature contrast in this zone increases by 0.25℃(0.2° in July). These results represent the combined influence of the reduction in the surface albedo and of the increase in the coefficient of turbulent heat transfer. In the desert-belt zones, the increase in the transfer coefficient sharply reduces the land temperature and the land-ocean temperature contrast from the values produced by the albedo change alone. This reduction must be attributed to the increased land-to-ocean circulation (which our model does not evaluate explicitly). Considering that a stronger circulation (resulting from land-ocean temperature contrast) generally forces a higher rainfall, the vegetation which emerged in the arid regions during the post-glacial optimum should be considered a significant positive feedback towards a still warmer, and also a more pluvial, climate. Our study may have implications for the 21st century, if the global warming expected from the enhanced greenhouse effects is accompanied by increased precipitation over the

关键词： Simulation of Desert-Scrub Growth A forcing to Warmer and More Pluvial Climate

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China and Outsourcing Offshore in the 21st Century:the Next Ten Years

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Journal of WTO and China 2011年第1期 95-108页

作者： joseph f.Greco finance Department SGMH5120.California State UniversityFullerton.P.O.Box6848FullertonCA 92834-6848

In light of the current global economic slowdown and the concentrated efforts of the Chinese government to invest in the outsourcing industry,this study focuses on two critical issues for future growth over the next ten years:the fragmentation of the Chinese outsourcing industry and the shortage of business personnel with international business *** a literature review that,for the first time,integrates the Chinese studies with global research,we summarize the current state of out-sourcing offshore and the potential in the Chinese *** then analyze the out-sourcing industry using a general equilibrium model requiring partner search with service providers by final producers from East and West,focusing on two key variables directly related to the issue of Chinese industrial fragmentation:the service provider location and final producer search *** then draw implications related to China’s future outsourcing efforts and policy changes that address the issue of industrial fragmentation.

关键词： Service Outsourcing Offshoring Business Process Outsourcing

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Changes in Streamflow Regime Due to Anthropogenic Regulations in the Humid Tropical Western Ghats, Kerala State, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第2期12卷 456-470页

作者： ABE George ERINJERY joseph James Centre for Water Resources Development and Management Sub centre Water Institute Karunya University

Regulation of streamflow by a reservoir creates a flow regime much different from the preimpoundment period flow regime. Hydro-Electric Projects(HEPs) commissioned in the Western Ghat regions of the Kerala State, India during the last four decades caused considerable changes in the flow regimes of the rivers of the Kerala State in southwest India. In this paper, the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration(IHA) approach proposed by Richter et al.(1996) is used to analyze flow regime changes in the Periyar and Muvattupuzha Rivers, due to the construction of the Idukki(1976), Idamalayar(1987) and Lower Periyar(1997) HEPs in the high ranges of the Western Ghats. Normal rainfall years(annual rainfall values within mean ± 0.75 standard deviation limits) are only considered in the analysis to focus on hydrologic alterations due to human activities. The mean hydrologic alteration in the Periyar River(deviation from the pre-development hydrologic indicator values) after commissioning of three HEPs is 35%. Inter-basin water transfer after power generation from the Idukki HEP resulted in a higher discharge in the adjacent Muvattupuzha River, leading to considerable changes in the hydroenvironment(mean hydrologic alterations varying between 57 to 63%). IHA parameters showing hydrologic alterations above the 67 th Percentile werefurther analyzed. for each of the pre-construction hydrologic parameters ± 1 standard deviation from the mean is set as the upper and lower management target limits. The values of each IHA parameter beyond these targets are considered as nonattainment. Considerable hydrologic alterations are observed, especially for low flows in both basins. Inter-basin transfer induced larger changes in flow parameters compared to intra-basin regulations. The study shows that under a proper water release and diversion scheme, the non-attainment of IHA parameters(values fall beyond the target limits) can be reduced. The findings of the study will be greatly beneficial to reg

关键词： Range variability approach Hydroelectric projects Humid tropics flow regime changes Inter-basin regulation Intra-basin regulation

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