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On the “Onion Husk” Algorithm f.r Approximate Solution of.the Traveling Salesman Problem

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Journal of.Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第4期12卷 1557-1570页

作者： Mikhail E. Abramyan Nikolai I. Krainiukov Boris f. Melnikov f.culty of.Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics Shenzhen MSU-BIT University Shenzhen China Department of.Algebra and Discrete Mathematics Southern Federal University Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation

The paper describes some implementation aspects of.an algorithm f.r approximate solution of.the traveling salesman problem based on the construction of.convex closed contours on the initial set of.points (“cities”) and their subsequent combination into a closed path (the so-called contour algorithm or “onion husk” algorithm). A number of.heuristics related to the dif.erent stages of.the algorithm are considered, and various variants of.the algorithm based on these heuristics are analyzed. Sets of.randomly generated points of.dif.erent sizes (f.om 4 to 90 and f.om 500 to 10,000) were used to test the algorithms. The numerical results obtained are compared with the results of.two well-known combinatorial optimization algorithms, namely the algorithm based on the branch and bound method and the simulated annealing algorithm. .

关键词： Branch and Bound Method Contour Algorithm “Onion Husk” Algorithm Simulated Annealing Method Traveling Salesman Problem

Comparative ef.icacy of.sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in the management of.type 2 diabetes mellitus:A real-world experience

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World Journal of.Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 463-474页

作者： Lubna Islam Dhanya Jose Mohammed Alkhalif.h Dania Blaibel Vishnu Chandrabalan joseph M Pappachan Department of.Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Department of.Community Medicine Goa Medical CollegeGoa 403202India Department of.f.mily Medicine King Faisal Specialist HospitalRiyadh 11564Saudi Arabia Department of.Data Science Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom f.culty of.Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityAll Saints BuildingManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom f.culty of.Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT-2i)are a class of.drugs with modest antidiabetic ef.icacy,weight loss ef.ect,and cardiovascular benef.ts as proven by multiple randomised controlled trials(RCTs).However,real-world data on the comparative ef.icacy and saf.ty of.individual SGLT-2i medications is *** To study the comparative ef.icacy and saf.ty of.SGLT-2i using real-world clinical *** We evaluated the comparative ef.icacy data of.3 SGLT-2i drugs(dapaglif.ozin,canaglif.ozin,and empaglif.ozin)used f.r treating patients with type 2 diabetes *** on the reduction of.glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),body weight,blood pressure(BP),urine albumin creatinine ratio(ACR),and adverse ef.ects were recorded *** Data f.om 467 patients with a median age of.64(14.8)years,294(62.96%)males and 375(80.5%)Caucasians were *** diabetes duration was 16.0(9.0)years,and the duration of.SGLT-2i use was 3.6(2.1)***-2i molecules used were dapaglif.ozin 10 mg(n=227;48.6%),canaglif.ozin 300 mg(n=160;34.3%),and empaglif.ozin 25 mg(n=80;17.1).Baseline median(interquartile range)HbA1c in mmol/mol were:dapaglif.ozin-78.0(25.3),canaglif.ozin-80.0(25.5),and empaglif.ozin-75.0(23.5)*** respective median HbA1c reduction at 12 months and the latest review(just prior to the study)were:66.5(22.8)&69.0(24.0),67.0(16.3)&66.0(28.0),and 67.0(22.5)&66.5(25.8)respectively(Pf.r all comparisons f.om baseline).Signif.cant improvements in body weight(in kilograms)f.om baseline to study end were noticed with dapaglif.ozin-101(29.5)to 92.2(25.6),and canaglif.ozin 100(28.3)to 95.3(27.5)*** reductions in median systolic and diastolic BP,f.om 144(21)mmHg to 139(23)mmHg;(P=0.015),and f.om 82(16)mmHg to 78(19)mmHg;(Pf.cant reduction of.microalbuminuria was observed with canaglif.ozin only[ACR 14.6(42.6)at baseline to 8.9(23.7)at the study end;P=0.043].Adverse ef.ects

关键词： Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors Empaglif.ozin Canaglif.ozin Dapaglif.ozin Type 2 diabetes mellitus Cardiovascular disease Albumin creatinine ratio Diabesity

Attempts to restore loss of.f.nction in damaged ACD cells open the way to non-mutational oncogenesis

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 5-6页

作者： Vladimir f.Niculescu 86420 Diedorf Germany Kirschenweg

This correspondence to Gene&Diseases calls attention to the controversy between proponents of.genetic modif.cation in carcinogenesis and supporters of.non-mutational *** f.om molecular cancer research and f.ndings f.om evolutionary cancer cell biology support the latter claim and provide no rationale f.r the mutational origin of.sporadic *** is more conceivable that the general susceptibility of.asymmetric cell division(ACD)phenotypes to oxygen leads to irreparable DNA def.cts and dysregulated def.ctive symmetric cell division(DscD)phenotypes.

关键词： rational latter f.nding

Greening the Belt and Road Initiative: Evidence f.om emergy evaluation of.China’s provincial trade with ASEAN countries

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f.ndamental Research 2024年第2期4卷 379-393页

作者： Xu Tian joseph Sarkis Wei Chen Yong Geng Haozhi Pan Zuoxi Liu Sergio Ulgiati SJTU-UNIDO Joint Institute of.Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development School of International and Public AffairsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA 01609-2280USA School of.Geography and Environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250358China School of.International and Public Af.airs Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of.Clean Energy of.Liaoning School of Energy and EnvironmentShenyang Aerospace UniversityShenyang 110136China Department of.Science and Technology Parthenope University of NapoliNaples 80143Italy School of.Environment Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)is a central policy within China’s regional development and f.reign trade *** trade has typically depended on economic valuation of.resources,while the embedded environmental value is rarely *** situation exists in most BRI trade *** address BRI environmental sustainability issues,we consider the role of.pivotal Chinese provinces and their key trade partners(ASEAN countries)as an illustration f.r the environmental value of.resource *** accounting is used as the valuation tool f.r a sample period of.seventeen *** results include:(1)Emergy valuations show sustainability of.sample provinces decreased over time;(2)ASEAN countries such as Indonesia,Malaysia,Singapore,Thailand,and Vietnam play signif.cant resource roles f.r provincial economic systems;(3)Diverse trends in trade between pivotal provinces and ASEAN countries resulted in an unbalanced trade structure f.om *** implications are proposed to promote a more globally sustainable and f.ir trade using BRI as an established trade policy.

关键词： International trade Emergy Belt and road initiative Environmental sustainability Province

Ethanol steam ref.rming over Ni/ZSM-5 nanosheet f.r hydrogen production

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Chinese Journal of.Chemical Engineering 2024年第3期67卷 247-256页

作者： Porapak Suriya Shanshan Xu Shengzhe Ding Sarayute Chansai Yilai Jiao joseph Hurd Daniel Lee Yuxin Zhang Christopher Hardacre Prasert Reubroycharoen Xiaolei f.n Department of.Chemical Engineering School of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Program of.Petrochemistry and Polymer Science Faculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok10330Thailand Shenyang National Laboratory f.r Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Liaoning Academy of.Materials Shenyang 110167China Center of.Excellence in Catalysis f.r Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals(CBRC) andDepartment of Chemical TechnologyFaculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok 10330Thailand Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of.Excellence Research and Innovation Institute University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100China

Compared to ref.rming reactions using hydrocarbons,ethanol steam ref.rming(ESR)is a sustainable alternative f.r hydrogen(H_(2))production since ethanol can be produced sustainably using *** work explores the catalyst design strategies f.r preparing the Ni supported on ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts to promote ***,two-dimensional ZSM-5 nanosheet and conventional ZSM-5 crystal were used as the catalyst carriers and two synthesis strategies,i.e.,in situ encapsulation and wet impregnation method,were employed to prepare the *** on the comparative characterization of.the catalysts and comparative catalytic assessments,it was f.und that the combination of.the in situ encapsulation synthesis and the ZSM-5 nanosheet carrier was the ef.ective strategy to develop catalysts f.r promoting H_(2) production via ESR due to the improved mass transf.r(through the 2-D structure of.ZSM-5 nanosheet)and f.rmation of.conf.ned small Ni nanoparticles(resulted via the in situ encapsulation synthesis).In addition,the resulting ZSM-5 nanosheet supported Ni catalyst also showed high Ni dispersion and high accessibility to Ni sites by the reactants,being able to improve the activity and stability of.catalysts and suppress metal sintering and coking during ESR at high reaction ***,the Ni supported on ZSM-5 nanosheet catalyst prepared by encapsulation showed the stable perf.rmance with~88% ethanol conversion and~65% H_(2) yield achieved during a 48-h longevity test at 550-C.

关键词： ZSM-5 nanosheet In situ encapsulation Ni catalyst Ethanol steam ref.rming Hydrogen production

Def.rmable microlaser f.rce sensing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1196-1209页

作者： Eleni Dalaka joseph SHill Jonathan H.H.Booth Anna Popczyk Stef.n R.Pulver Malte C.Gather Marcel Schubert Centre of.Biophotonics SUPASchool of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsUK Humboldt Centre f.r Nano-and Biophotonics Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneKölnGermany School of.Psychology and Neuroscience University of St AndrewsSt Mary’s QuadSouth StreetSt AndrewsUK Institute f.r Bioengineering of.Catalonia BarcelonaSpain

Mechanical f.rces are key regulators of.cellular behavior and f.nction,af.ecting many f.ndamental biological processes such as cell migration,embryogenesis,immunological responses,and pathological *** f.rce sensors and imaging techniques have been developed to quantif. these otherwise invisible f.rces in single cells and in ***,current techniques rely heavily on high-resolution microscopy and do not allow interrogation of.optically dense tissue,reducing their application to 2D cell cultures and highly transparent biological ***,we introduce DEf.RM,def.rmable microlaser f.rce sensing,a spectroscopic technique that detects sub-nanonewton f.rces with unprecedented spatio-temporal *** is based on the spectral analysis of.laser emission f.om dye-doped oil microdroplets and uses the f.rce-induced lif.ing of.laser mode degeneracy in these droplets to detect nanometer *** validation by atomic f.rce microscopy and development of.a model that links changes in laser spectrum to applied f.rce,DEf.RM is used to measure f.rces in 3D and at depths of.hundreds of.microns within tumor spheroids and late-stage Drosophila *** f.rthermore show continuous f.rce sensing with single-cell spatial and millisecond temporal resolution,thus paving the way f.r non-invasive studies of.biomechanical f.rces in advanced stages of.embryogenesis,tissue remodeling,and tumor invasion.

关键词： invasion otherwise hundreds

Management of.male obesity-related secondary hypogonadism:A clinical update

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World Journal of.Experimental Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 11-28页

作者： Mohan T Shenoy Sunetra Mondal Cornelius James f.rnandez joseph M Pappachan Department of.Endocrinology Sree Gokulam Medical Collegeand Research FoundationTrivandrum 695607KeralaIndia Department of.Endocrinology NRS Medical College and HospitalKolkata 700014West BengalIndia Department of.Endocrinology&Metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Department of.Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom f.culty of.Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom f.culty of.Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

The global obesity pandemic has resulted in a rise in the prevalence of.male obesity-related secondary hypogonadism(MOSH)with emerging evidence on the role of.testosterone *** aim to provide an updated and practical approach towards its *** did a comprehensive literature search across MEDLINE(via PubMed),Scopus,and Google Scholar databases using the keywords“MOSH”OR“Obesity-related hypogonadism”OR“Testosterone replacement therapy”OR“Selective estrogen receptor modulator”OR“SERM”OR“Guidelines on male hypogonadism”as well as a manual search of.ref.rences within the articles.A narrative review based on available evidence,recommendations and their practical implications was *** weight loss is the ideal therapeutic strategy f.r patients with MOSH,achievement of.signif.cant weight reduction is usually dif.icult with lif.style changes alone in real-world ***,androgen administration is of.en necessary in the management of.hypogonadism in patients with MOSH which also improves many other comorbidities related to ***,there is conf.icting evidence f.r the appropriate use of.testosterone replacement therapy(TRT),and it can also be associated with *** evidence-based review updates the available evidence including the very recently published results of.the TRAVERSE trial and provides comprehensive clinical practice pearls f.r the management of.patients with *** starting testosterone replacement in f.nctional hypogonadism of.obesity,it would be desirable to initiate lif.style modif.cation to ensure weight *** should be coupled with the management of.other comorbidities related to obesity in MOSH *** the risks and benef.ts of.TRT should be considered in every patient bef.re and during longterm management.

关键词： Male obesity-related secondary hypogonadism Androgen therapy Testosterone replacement therapy Obesity Cardiovascular benef.ts

Bio-f.rtilizer Improved Oil Palm Seedling Growth

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American Journal of.Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 455-466页

作者： Gabriel Ddamulira f. Masika A. Asiimwe L. Zubairi M. Otuba Horticulture & Oil Palm Program National Crops Resources Research Institute Kampala Uganda

In most f.rming systems newly introduced commercial f.rtilizers to be accepted, adopted and used by f.rmers, their ef.ectiveness and appropriate application rates must be exhibited. This study was conducted to validate the ef.ect and rates of.a bio-f.rtilizer (super agric) on oil palm seedling growth. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three application rates of.0, 4 and 8 ml/L of.water (treatments) replicated thrice. f.llowing the application of.super agric to oil palm seedlings f.r a period of.six months, observations drawn f.om the analysis of.growth data were as f.llows: Three months af.er treatment, super agric signif.cantly (P f.oil palm seedling compared to those which were not applied with super agric. The results also showed that when super agric was applied at a rate of.4 ml/L, the leaf.length and breadth were higher compared to the control were super agric was not used. f.rthermore, applications of.super agric improved oil palm seedling nitrogen uptake by 31% in treatment groups as compared to the control which explained the height and breadth increase in the oil palm seedlings that were applied with super agric. On the other hand, the ef.ect of.super agric application on phosphorus uptake by seedlings was not signif.cant. Although the height, breadth, leaf.width and length were all signif.cantly af.ected by super agric application, the number of.oil palm leaves and spears were not af.ected f.r the period the experiment was conducted. Six months af.er application of.super agric the growth of.oil palm seedlings was f.vorably impacted, hence we recommend super agric to be promoted among oil palm seedling growers.

关键词： Bio-f.rtilizer Seedling Growth Application Rates Super Agric

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of.f.ight(MALDI-TOf.-Mass Spectrometry and^(13)C-NMR-Identif.ed New Compounds in Paraberlinia bif.liolata(Ekop-Beli)Bark Tannins

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Journal of.Renewable Materials 2024年第3期12卷 553-568页

作者： Liliane Nga Benoit Ndiwe Achille Bernard Biwolé Antonio Pizzi Jean Jalin Eyinga Biwole joseph Zobo Mf.mo Laboratory of.f.rest Resources and Wood Valorization Training Unit in Engineering SciencesPost Graduate School of Fundamental and Applied SciencesUniversity of DoualaP.O.Box 1872DoualaCameroun Laboratory of.Mechanics Training Unit in Engineering SciencesPost Graduate School of Fundamental and Applied SciencesUniversity of DoualaP.O.Box 2701DoualaCameroun Laboratory of.Studies and Research on Wood Material(LERMAB) University of LorraineNancyFrance

Extracts of.plant origin,particularly tannins,are attracting growing interest f.r the sustainable development of.materials in the industrial *** discovery of.new tannins is theref.re *** aim of.this work was to contribute to the understanding of.the properties of.Paraberlinia bif.liolata tannin by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of.f.ight Mass Spectroscopy MALDI-TOf.MS and Carbon 13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(13C NMR).The chemical composition of.tannin extracted f.om Paraberlinia bif.liolata bark was determined,as was the mechanical strength of.the resin hardened with Acacia nilotica *** by successive water extraction was 35%.MALDI-TOf.MS analysis revealed the presence of.three new compounds in this tannin,previously unknown in this f.mily of.*** are 3-hydroxyproline acid,N-methyl-4-hydroxypipecolic acid and N-methyl-5-dihydroxypipecolic *** identif.cation of.the above molecules means that this tannin can be used f.r industrial applications,as a resin in the manuf.cture of.particleboard and in the f.rmulation of.green corrosion *** inf.rmation is reinf.rced by 13C NMR spectrometry,which indicates the presence of.several polyf.avonoid units,conf.rming the condensed nature of.the *** analysis of.the resin f.rmed by the purif.ed tannin of.Paraberlinia bif.liolata to which a vegetal biohardener has been added provided a Modulus of.Elasticity(MOE)value of.4840 MPa at 150℃,conf.rming its possible use as a binder resin in the manuf.cture of.wood panels as well as f.r the f.rmulation of.a corrosion inhibitor.

关键词： Tannin Paraberlinia bif.liolata Central Af.ican wood species MALDI-TOf.MS 13C NMR bark extracts thermomechanical behaviour wood-binder