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Recovery of.rare and precious metals f.om urban mines —— A review

f.ontiers of.Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第5期11卷 3-19页

作者： Mengmeng Wang Quanyin Tan joseph f. chiang Jinhui Li Key Laboratory f.r Solid Waste Management and Environment Saf.ty (Tsinghua University) Ministry of Education of China School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of.Chemistry and Biochemistry State University of New York College at Oneonta Oneonta NY 13820 USA

Urban mining is essential f.r continued natural resource extraction. The recovery of.rare and precious metals （RPMs） f.om urban mines has attracted increasing attention f.om both academic and industrial sectors, because of.the broad application and high price of.RPMs, and their low content in natural ores. This study summarizes the distribution characteristics of.various RPMs in urban mines, and the advantages and shortcomings of.various technologies f.r RPM recovery f.om urban mines, including both conventional （pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and biometallurgical processing）, and emerging （electrochemical, supereritieal f.uid, mechanochemical, and ionic liquids processing） technologies. Mechanical/physical technologies are commonly employed to separate RPMs f.om nonmetallic components in a pre-treatment process. A pyrometallurgical process is of.en used tbr RPM recovery, although the expensive equipment required has limited its use in small and medium-sized enterprises. Hydrometallurgical processing is ef.ective and easy to operate, with high selectivity of.target metals and high recovery ef.iciency of.RPMs, compared to pyrometallurgy. Biometallurgy, though, has shown the most promise f.r leaching RPMs f.om urban mines, because of.its low cost and environmental f.iendliness. Newly developed technologies electrochemical, supercritical f.uid, ionic liquid, and mechanochemical have of.ered new choices and achieved some success in laboratory experiments, especially as ef.icient and environmentally f.iendly methods of.recycling RPMs. With continuing advances in science and technology, more technologies will no doubt be developed in this f.eld, and be able to contribute to the sustainability of.RPM mining.

关键词： Rare and precious metals (RPMs) Distribution characteristics Recycling technology Emerging technology Supercritical f.uid

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Nanoseparation-lnspired Manipulation of.the Synthesis of.CdS Nanorods

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Nano Research 2011年第2期4卷 226-232页

作者： Xiaoming Sun Xiuju Ma Lu Bai Junf.ng Liu Zheng Chang David G. Evans Xue Duan Jiaou Wang joseph f. chiang State Key Laboratory of.Chemical Resource Engineering RO. Box 98 Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China Institute of.High Energy Physics Beijing 100039 China Department of.Chemistry and Biochemistry SUNY-Oneonta Oneonta NY 13820 USA

CdS nanorods have been sorted by length using a density gradient ultracentrif.ge rate separation method. The f.actions containing longer rods showed relatively stronger oxygen-related surf.ce trap emission, while the shorter ones had dominant band-edge emission. These results suggest that the f.nal length distribution of.CdS nanorods is not a result of.random nucleation and growth, but is related to the local synthesis conditions. Inspired by these f.ndings, dif.erent synthesis environments (N2, air, and O2) have been employed in order to tailor the length distribution. In addition to the rod length, the photoluminescence properties of.CdS nanorods can also be manipulated. Increasing the oxygen partial pressure signif.cantly changed the growth behavior of.CdS nanorods by improving the anisotropic growth.

关键词： CdS纳米棒合成条件操纵长度分布光致发光特性生长行为分离方法密度梯度

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Blind Signal Reception in Downlink Generalized Spatial Modulation Multiuser MIMO System Based on Minimum Output Energy

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Chinese Journal of.Electronics 2024年第2期33卷 504-515页

作者： Wei-chiang WU College of.Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Sanming University

This paper considers downlink multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output system with parallel spatial modulation scheme, in which base station transmitter antennas are separated into K groups corresponding to K user terminals. Generalized spatial modulation is employed, in which a subset(more than single antenna) of.transmit antenna array are activated and the activating pattern corresponds to specif.c spatial symbol. Dif.erent f.om existing precoding-based algorithms, we develop a two-stage detection scheme at each user terminal: In the pre-processing stage, a minimax algorithm is proposed to identif. the indices of.active antennas, where the key idea is that the minimum output energy of.the detector is maximized; A constrained minimum output energy algorithm is proposed in the post-processing stage to mitigate multiuser interf.rence and extract temporal symbols. Compared with existing precoding-based algorithms, the complexity is signif.cantly reduced. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is semi-blind,in which only a small subset of.channel state inf.rmation is required to identif. active antennas as well as eliminate multiuser interf.rence. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is near-f.r resistant and the spectral ef.iciency is extensively increased compared to the conventional spatial modulation scheme.

关键词： GSM Spectral ef.iciency Computer network reliability Transmitting antennas Modulation Symbols Downlink

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Recent development and challenges in enhancing f.re perf.rmance on wood and wood-based composites:A 10-year review f.om 2012 to 2021

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Journal of.Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第1期9卷 27-42页

作者： Charles Michael Albert Kang chiang Liew f.culty of.Tropical f.restry Universiti Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu 88400Kota KinabaluSabah 88400Malaysia

Due to their durability,versatility,and aesthetic value,wood and wood-based composites are widely used as building *** f.ct that these materials are f.ammable,however,raises a major worry since they might cause f.re hazards and signif.cant loss of.lif. and *** article investigates the variables that af.ect f.re perf.rmance as well as the various f.re-retardant treatments and their *** current developments and challenges in improving the f.re perf.rmance of.wood and wood-based composites treated with f.re-retardant materials are summarized in this ***,organic chemicals,and densif.cation are some recent developments in f.re-retardant treatments that are also *** points f.om the review are summarized,along with potential areas f.r f.rther research and development.

关键词： f.re perf.rmance f.re-retardant materials Wood Wood-based composite Nanoparticles coating Surf.ce charring Bio-based f.re retardant Densif.cation

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Low-Brightness Object Recognition Based on Deep Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 1757-1773页

作者： Shu-Yin chiang Ting-Yu Lin Department of.Inf.rmation and Telecommunications Engineering Ming Chuan UniversityTaoyuan City333Taiwan

This research f.cuses on addressing the challenges associated with image detection in low-light environments,particularly by applying artif.cial intelligence techniques to machine vision and object recognition *** primary goal is to tackle issues related to recognizing objects with low brightness *** this study,the Intel RealSense Lidar Camera L515 is used to simultaneously capture color inf.rmation and 16-bit depth inf.rmation *** detection scenarios are categorized into normal brightness and low brightness *** the system determines a normal brightness environment,normal brightness images are recognized using deep learning *** low-brightness situations,three methods are proposed f.r *** f.rst method is the SegmentationwithDepth image(SD)methodwhich involves segmenting the depth image,creating amask f.om the segmented depth image,mapping the obtained mask onto the true color(RGB)image to obtain a backgroundreduced RGB image,and recognizing the segmented *** second method is theHDVmethod(hue,depth,value)which combines RGB images converted to HSV images(hue,saturation,value)with depth images D to f.rm HDV images f.r *** third method is the HSD(hue,saturation,depth)method which similarly combines RGB images converted to HSV images with depth images D to f.rm HSD images f.r *** experimental results,in normal brightness environments,the average recognition rate obtained using image recognition methods is 91%.f.r low-brightness environments,using the SD method with original images f.r training and segmented images f.r recognition achieves an average recognition rate of.over 82%.TheHDVmethod achieves an average recognition rate of.over 70%,while the HSD method achieves an average recognition rate of.over 84%.The HSD method allows f.r a quick and convenient low-light object recognition *** research outcome can be applied to nighttime surveillance systems or nighttime road saf.ty systems

关键词： Low-brightness depth image image segmentation image recognition HDV HSD

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Coupling Analysis of.Multiple Machine Learning Models f.r Human Activity Recognition

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 3783-3803页

作者： Yi-Chun Lai Shu-Yin chiang Yao-chiang Kan Hsueh-Chun Lin Department of.Public Health China Medical UniversityTaichung406040Taiwan Department of.Inf.rmation and Telecommunications Engineering Ming Chuan UniversityGui-ShanTaoyuan333Taiwan Department of.Electrical Engineering Yuan Ze UniversityChung-Li32003Taiwan Department and Institute of.Health Service Administrations China Medical UniversityTaichung406040Taiwan

Artif.cial intelligence(AI)technology has become integral in the realm of.medicine and healthcare,particularly in human activity recognition(HAR)applications such as f.tness and rehabilitation *** study introduces a robust coupling analysis f.amework that integrates f.ur AI-enabled models,combining both machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)approaches to evaluate their ef.ectiveness in *** analytical dataset comprises 561 f.atures sourced f.om the UCI-HAR database,f.rming the f.undation f.r training the ***,the MHEALTH database is employed to replicate the modeling process f.r comparative purposes,while inclusion of.the WISDM database,renowned f.r its challenging f.atures,supports the f.amework’s resilience and *** ML-based models employ the methodologies including adaptive neuro-f.zzy inf.rence system(ANf.S),support vector machine(SVM),and random f.rest(Rf.,f.r data *** contrast,a DL-based model utilizes one-dimensional convolution neural network(1dCNN)to automate f.ature ***,the recursive f.ature elimination(Rf.)algorithm,which drives an ML-based estimator to eliminate low-participation f.atures,helps identif. the optimal f.atures f.r enhancing model *** best accuracies of.the ANf.S,SVM,Rf.and 1dCNN models with meticulous f.aturing process achieve around 90%,96%,91%,and 93%,*** analysis using the MHEALTH dataset showcases the 1dCNN model’s remarkable perf.ct accuracy(100%),while the Rf.SVM,and ANf.S models equipped with selected f.atures achieve accuracies of.99.8%,99.7%,and 96.5%,***,when applied to the WISDM dataset,the DL-based and ML-based models attain accuracies of.91.4%and 87.3%,respectively,aligning with prior research *** conclusion,the proposed f.amework yields HAR models with commendable perf.rmance metrics,exhibiting its suitability f.r integration into the healthcare services system through AI-driven applications.

关键词： Human activity recognition artif.cial intelligence support vector machine random f.rest adaptive neuro-f.zzy inf.rence system convolution neural network recursive f.ature elimination

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Comparisons of.oxbow lake f.sh assemblages in relation to bigheaded carp establishment in the lower White River, Arkansas

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 188-205页

作者： Michael A.Eggleton Cody J.Salzmann joseph E.Kaiser Shannon C.f.Smith Department of.Aquaculture and f.sheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Arkansas Game and f.sh Commission Virginia Institute of.Marine Science

Background Since the late 1990s, bigheaded carps(largely silver carp [Hypophthalmichthys molitrix] but also bighead carp [H. nobilis]) have established throughout the lower Mississippi River basin. Using previously studied oxbow lakes in the lower White River basin, Arkansas, we compared current(2017, “post-carp” establishment) f.sh assemblages to historical(2002, “pre-carp” establishment) f.sh assemblages. f.sh assemblages were comprehensively assessed using multiple gears, including boat electrof.shing, mini-f.ke nets, and experimental small-mesh gill *** T-tests suggested that f.sh assemblage indices of.richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance were of.en greater(P f.ected by boat electrof.shing and experimental gill nets. However, all indices were generally similar(P > 0.05) between the pre-carp and post-carp period with f.sh assemblages depicted using mini-f.ke nets. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that f.sh assemblages dif.ered structurally between pre-carp and post-carp periods. Assemblage dif.erences were linked to both small and large abundance changes f.r more than 20 species. Abundances of.gizzard shad(Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner(Notropis atherinoides), pugnose minnow(Opsopoeodus emiliae), crappies(Pomoxis spp.), bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus), orangespotted sunf.sh(L. humilis), and yellow bass(Morone mississippiensis) declined between the pre-carp and postcarp periods. Conversely, abundances of.weed shiner(N. texanus), pallid shiner(Hybopsis amnis), longear sunf.sh(L. megalotis), buf.alof.shes(Ictiobus spp.), and gars(Lepisosteus spp.) generally increased during the same *** Although not possible to conclude assemblage shif.s were entirely related to bigheaded carps due to the absence of.an appropriate ref.rence system where carps did not establish, the wide establishment of.these carps is one of.the most pervasive changes to have occurred in the lower White

关键词： Bigheaded carp Silver carp Aquatic nuisance species f.sh assemblage Oxbow lake Large river

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Addressing Japan’s disposal of.nuclear-contaminated water f.om the perspective of.international human rights law

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Chinese Journal of.Population,Resources and Environment 2024年第1期22卷 1-9页

作者： Yen-chiang Chang Xiaonan Zhao Law School Dalian Maritime UniversityDalian 116026China Institute f.r Bohai and Yellow Sea Studies Dalian Maritime UniversityDalian 116026China

The discharge of.nuclear-contaminated water containing radionuclides into the ocean by Japan will lead to its integration into the entire ecosystem through processes of.circulation and biomagnif.cation,eventually entering the human body via the f.od *** poses a substantial risk of.irreversible damage to both the ecosystem and human health,a situation that will worsen with the ongoing discharge of.such *** respect and protection of.human rights represent an international consensus,and saf.guarding f.ndamental human rights is a substantial obligation that states must undertake in accordance with both international and domestic *** the f.kushima nuclear disaster,Japan has continuously violated its international legal obligations to protect human rights in several areas,including the resettlement of.disaster victims,the reduction of.nuclear radiation levels,and the handling of.contaminated *** actions have compromised and will continue to compromise the basic human rights of.not only its citizens but also those of.people worldwide,including environmental rights,the right to lif.,development rights,and f.od *** the af.ermath of.the f.kushima meltdown,the public and workers involved in handling nuclear contaminants have been continually exposed to high radiation levels,endangering their rights to lif.,development,and ***’s inadequate ef.orts in victim resettlement and environmental restoration have jeopardized the environmental and f.od rights of.its citizens to live healthily and access f.od in an environment unaf.ected by nuclear *** release of.nuclear-contaminated water poses a risk of.Japan’s nuclear pollution to the people of.neighboring countries and the global population at *** principle of.human rights underpins the theory of.a community with a shared f.ture f.r humanity,and human rights are a crucial area of.China’s active participation in United Nations af.airs and global *** voicing concerns ove

关键词： f.kushima nuclearcontaminated water Crimes against humanity Remedy f.r violations of.human rights Right to environment Right to lif.

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Outcomes of.combined mitochondria and mesenchymal stem cellsderived exosome therapy in rat acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis

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World Journal of.Stem Cells 2024年第6期16卷 690-707页

作者： Kun-Chen Lin Wen-f.ng f.ng Jui-Ning Yeh John Y chiang Hsin-Ju chiang Pei-Lin Shao Pei-Hsun Sung Hon-Kan Yip Department of.Anesthesiology Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 83301TaiwanChina Division of.Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 83301TaiwanChina Department of.Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510630Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of.Computer Science and Engineering National Sun Yat-sen UniversityKaohsiung 804201TaiwanChina Department of.Healthcare Administration and Medical Inf.rmatics Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 80708TaiwanChina School of.Medicine Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung 40201TaiwanChina Department of.Nursing Asia UniversityTaichung 41354TaiwanChina Division of.Cardiology Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 83301TaiwanChina Institute f.r Translational Research in Biomedicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 83301TaiwanChina Center f.r Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 83301TaiwanChina Department of.Medical Research China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichung 40402TaiwanChina School of.Medicine College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 33302TaiwanChina

BACKGROUND The treatment of.acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)complicated by sepsis syndrome(SS)remains *** To investigate whether combined adipose-derived mesenchymal-stem-cells(ADMSCs)-derived exosome(EXAD)and exogenous mitochondria(mitoEx)protect the lung f.om ARDS complicated by *** In vitro study,including L2 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and in vivo study including male-adult-SD rats categorized into groups 1(sham-operated-control),2(ARDS-SS),3(ARDS-SS+EXAD),4(ARDS-SS+mitoEx),and 5(ARDS-SS+EXAD+mitoEx),were included in the present *** In vitro study showed an abundance of.mitoEx f.und in recipient-L2 cells,resulting in signif.cantly higher mitochondrial-cytochrome-C,adenosine triphosphate and relative mitochondrial DNA levels(Pf.inf.ammation[interleukin(IL)-1β/tumor necrosis f.ctor(TNf.-α/nuclear f.ctor-κB/toll-like receptor(TLR)-4/matrix-metalloproteinase(MMP)-9/oxidative-stress(NOX-1/NOX-2)/apoptosis(cleaved-caspase3/cleaved-poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase)]were signif.cantly attenuated in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated L2 cells with EXAD treatment than without EXAD treatment,whereas the protein expressions of.cellular junctions[occluding/β-catenin/zonula occludens(ZO)-1/E-cadherin]exhibited an opposite pattern of.inf.am-mation(all Pf.ow cytometric analysis of.bronchoalveolar lavage f.uid demonstrated that the levels of.inf.am-matory cells(Ly6G+/CD14+/CD68+/CD11b/c+/myeloperoxidase+)and albumin were lowest in group 1,highest in group 2,and signif.cantly higher in groups 3 and 4 than in group 5(all Pf.albumin among the *** f.ndings of.lung injury/f.brosis area and inf.ammatory/DNA-damaged markers(CD68+/γ-H2AX)displayed an identical pattern of.SaO2%among the groups(all P<0.0001).The pro

关键词： Acute respiratory distress syndrome Sepsis syndrome Exosomes Mitochondria Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells Inf.ammation

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End-to-End Paired Ambisonic-Binaural Audio Rendering

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IEEE/CAA Journal of.Automatica Sinica 2024年第2期11卷 502-513页

作者： Yin Zhu Qiuqiang Kong Junjie Shi Shilei Liu Xuzhou Ye Ju-chiang Wang Hongming Shan Junping Zhang Shanghai Key Laboratory of.Intelligent Inf.rmation Processing School of Computer ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Beijing ByteDance Technology Co.Ltd. Shanghai 201102China. Chinese University of.Hong Kong Hong KongChina IEEE Institute of.Science and Technology f.r Brain-Inspired Intelligence and MOE f.ontiers Center f.r Brain Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433 Shanghai Center f.r Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology Shanghai 200031China

Binaural rendering is of.great interest to virtual reality and immersive media. Although humans can naturally use their two ears to perceive the spatial inf.rmation contained in sounds, it is a challenging task f.r machines to achieve binaural rendering since the description of.a sound f.eld of.en requires multiple channels and even the metadata of.the sound sources. In addition, the perceived sound varies f.om person to person even in the same sound f.eld. Previous methods generally rely on individual-dependent head-related transf.rred f.nction(HRTf.datasets and optimization algorithms that act on HRTf.. In practical applications, there are two major drawbacks to existing methods. The f.rst is a high personalization cost, as traditional methods achieve personalized needs by measuring HRTf.. The second is insuf.icient accuracy because the optimization goal of.traditional methods is to retain another part of.inf.rmation that is more important in perception at the cost of.discarding a part of.the inf.rmation. Theref.re, it is desirable to develop novel techniques to achieve personalization and accuracy at a low cost. To this end, we f.cus on the binaural rendering of.ambisonic and propose 1) channel-shared encoder and channel-compared attention integrated into neural networks and 2) a loss f.nction quantif.ing interaural level dif.erences to deal with spatial inf.rmation. To verif. the proposed method, we collect and release the f.rst paired ambisonic-binaural dataset and introduce three metrics to evaluate the content inf.rmation and spatial inf.rmation accuracy of.the end-to-end methods. Extensive experimental results on the collected dataset demonstrate the superior perf.rmance of.the proposed method and the shortcomings of.previous methods.

关键词： Ambisonic attention binaural rendering neural network

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