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Ecology, Distribution and Risk of Transmission of Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers by Aedes Mosquitoes around the Port Areas of Tema in Southern Ghana

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Advances in Entomology 2022年第2期10卷 135-148页

作者： Kenechukwu C. Ojukwu joseph chabi Kwadwo Frempong Delphina A. Adabie-Gomez joseph Harold Nyarko Osei Andy Asafu-Adjaye Sellase Pi-Bansa Michelle Adimazoya Kojo Y. Sakyi Kwaku O. Akuoko Ruth Brenyah Maxwell A. Appawu Samuel Kweku Dadzie African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana Parasitology Department Noguchi Memorial Institute of Medical Research University of Ghana Accra Ghana School of Veterinary Medicine University of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Clinical Microbiology School of Medical Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Aedes-borne diseases remain a public health challenge for many countries globally. The extent of spread of invasive species of Aedes mosquitoes and risk of transmission of the diseases especially around the point of entry of goods such as ports is not well known in Ghana. This study investigated the ecology, distribution and risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fevers by Aedes mosquitoes around the port areas of Tema, Southern Ghana. The mosquitoes from this study were collected using human landing catches, ovitraps and larval collections for a period of six months. A total of 1092 containers were inspected in both seasons and of these, 237 (21.7%) were positive for mosquito larvae or pupae in rainy season while 181 (16.6%) were positive in dry season. A total of 6498 mosquitoes were collected and identified morphologically using taxonomic keys. 6038 (92.9%) were Aedes aegypti, 337 (5.2%) were Culex spp. and 123 (1.9%) were Anopheles gambiae. The Ae. aegypti larvae were found breeding in a series of water-holding containers which included disposed plastic containers, earthenware pots, car tyres, plastic barrels, plastic basins, buckets, metal drums, jerrycans and poly tank. A high proportion of Aedes aegypti eggs were found in the ovitraps during the rainy season than in the dry season in the study sites. Ae. aegypti was the most common mosquitoes biting mostly outdoors (65.6%) with more bites occurring in the rainy season (63.6%) in the two residential sites (Tema Community One and Tema New Town). The risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fever in the study sites was assessed using House Index, Container Index, Breteau Index and was found to be higher in Tema New town area with seasonal variations within the sites. The man-vector contact rates for the two residential sites were also found to be higher in rainy season than the dry season. These observations indicate that the risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fevers in the study areas is high espe

关键词： Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers Tema Port Areas Aedes Risk of Transmission

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Impact of Urban Agriculture on the Species Distribution and Insecticide Resistance Profile of <i>Anopheles gambiae s.s.</i>and <i>Anopheles coluzzii</i>in Accra Metropolis, Ghana

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Advances in Entomology 2018年第3期6卷 198-211页

作者： joseph chabi Miracle C.Eziefule Rebecca Pwalia Joannitta Joannides Dorothy Obuobi Godwin Amlalo Charlotte A.Addae Iddrisu Alidu Dominic Acquah-Baidoo Samuel Akporh Sampson Gbagba Kwadwo K.Frempong Melinda P.Hadi Helen Pates Jamet Samuel K.Dadzie Vestergaard-NMIMR Vector Labs Parasitology DepartmentNoguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research(NMIMR)University of GhanaAccraGhana Parasitology Department Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research(NMIMR)University of GhanaAccraGhana African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Sciences(ARPPIS) University of GhanaAccraGhana Vestergaard East Africa NairobiKenya Vestergaard Washington DCUSA

Malaria incidence in urban areas has generally been low compared to rural areas but recent data indicate that urban malaria remains a public health problem. It is therefore important to understand the factors that promote urban malaria to help formulate future vector control strategies. This study compared Anopheles gambiae s.l. (A. gambiae s.l.) species composition, distribution and insecticide resistance mechanisms between vegetable and non-vegetable growing areas in Accra Metropolis. Four sites were selected within the city of Accra which comprised of two vegetable-growing and two non-vegetable growing areas. WHO susceptibility tests were carried out on adults A. gambiae s.l. reared from larvae collected from the sites. Five insecticides were tested and the A. gambiae complex, resistance genotypes and enzyme activities of each population were characterized. All A. gambiae s.l. populations tested were resistant to all the insecticides, but relatively lower mortalities were observed in the vegetable growing areas. The mortality against 0.05% deltamethrin was 2.6% (Opeibea) and 12.5% (Korle-Bu) for the vegetable growing areas and 36.2% (Achimota) and 38.9% (Mataheko) in the non-vegetable growing areas. Anopheles gambiae s.s. (95% of Opeibea population) and Anopheles coluzzii, (98% of Korle-Bu population) were the dominant species in the vegetable growing areas. The voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc-1014F) frequencies of all the populations were similar but the acetylcholinesterase (ace-1) frequencies were significantly lower (p A. gambiae s.l. from Opeibea than from the other areas. The contribution of urban agriculture in the development of insecticide resistance needs to be considered in the formulation of future vector control strategies alongside other domestic usages.

关键词： Anopheles gambiae s.s. Anopheles coluzzii Insecticide Resistance Malaria Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO) Urban Agriculture

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Survey of Cereal Consumption Habits in the Community of Djougou, Benin

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 843-863页

作者： Mouhamed N. El-Hadji Alassane Moutawakilou J. Kisito chabi-Sika Agossou D. P. Noumavo Haziz Sina joseph Dossou Lamine Baba-Moussa Farid Baba-Moussa Laboratoire de Microbiologie et des Technologies Alimentaires Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin Agro Sciences Laboratory (ASL) Abomey-Calavi Bénin Agence Béninoise de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments Ministère de l’Agriculture de l’Elevage et de la Pèche Cotonou Bénin Laboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en Microbiologie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin Laboratoire de Bioingénierie des Procédés Alimentaires Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin

The cereal group occupies a prominent place in the dietary habits of people in northern Benin and there is little recent information on cereal consumption. This study aims to assess the consumption, acquisition and supply of cereals to households in the community of Djougou. A semi-directive survey with KoBoCollect was conducted among 369 households to collect individual cereal food consumption data. The survey data processed by statistical tools showed that the most consumed cereals are maize (95%, p = 0.887), millet (58%, p = 0.755), rice (55%, p = 0.753), sorghum (15%, p = 0.635), wheat (5%, p = 0.920) and fonio barely 5%. The most common mode of acquisition in Djougou is purchase (50%, p = 0.947) but donation is also observed (25%, p = 0.988) as well as production observed in 20.6% of households. Purchases are made from retailers in local markets (45%, p = 0.920) but also in streets and alleys (30%, p = 0.765). The most widely used preservation technique is drying at room temperature (70%, p = 0.995). Households most often dry in the areas provided in the field (50%, p = 0.783) and at home (40%, p = 0.643). The preferred storage location is the kitchen (60%, p = 0.790). The bedroom (20%, 0.669) and the store (15%, 0.522) are the alternative places for storing cereals. In addition, the supply costs of cereals increased between 2020 and 2021. This vertiginous rise in prices is due, among other things, to the covid19 pandemic. The various data generated not only make it possible to have fresh data but also to invest them in the assessment of health risks for the achievement of a high level of protection of the health and life of consumers.

关键词： Cereals Survey Consumption Data Food Safety Benin

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Audits of Death in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents Followed up in the Pediatric Department of the Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou/Alibori from 2005 to 2020

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 285-296页

作者： Alphonse Noudamadjo Mohamed Falilatou Agbeille Dénagan Kévin Amoussou Médétinmè Gérard Kpanidja Lahanatou Séidou Chantal chabi Réckya Kilaya Julien Didier Adédémy Agossou joseph Mother and Child Department Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin Pediatric Department Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou/Alibori Parakou Benin

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major public health problem with high morbidity and mortality among children. The objective of this work was to audit the deaths of children and adolescents with HIV infection followed up in the pediatric department of the Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou/Alibori (CHUDB/A) the from 2005 to 2020. Patients and Method: This was a retrospective and descriptive study conducted in the pediatric department of CHUD/B-A in Parakou. All children with HIV infection who died from January 1, 2005 to August 31, 2020 were included. Data collection was carried out in three stages: a phase of medical records processing, a phase of community survey and a phase of death audits. The variables studied were sociodemographic, clinical, biological, therapeutic and evolutionary. Results: Over the study period, the data of 464 infected children were recorded, including 92 deaths, representing a case fatality rate of 19.83%. Severe acute malnutrition (69.23%), gastro-intestinal tract infections (43.58%) and serious opportunistic pulmonary infections (24.36% pulmonary tuberculosis and 19.23% pneumocystis) were the main causes of death. The main dysfunctions found were: the delayed diagnosis of HIV infection (79.35%), the absence or delay in consultation when the child’s clinical condition deteriorates (32.61% and 47.83%), delayed initiation of antiretroviral treatment (42.39%) and non-adherence to treatment (38.04%). Non-adherence to treatment was predominant in adolescents (90.49%). Conclusion: Specific interventions for early detection, adequate nutritional care, psychosocial support for adolescents and mothers of children are necessary to reduce mortality due to HIV among children and adolescents.

关键词： HIV Death Children Adolescents Dysfunctions Benin

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First Research on Bat Bacteria in Burkina Faso (West Africa)

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Advances in Microbiology 2023年第9期13卷 462-476页

作者： Noel Gabiliga Thiombiano Géraud Joel Guigma Magloire Boungou Amana Metuor Dabire Bertrand Mèschac Adéchègoun chabi Malika Kangoye Adama Oueda Jacques Simpore Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie Animales (LBEA) Unité de Formation et de Recherche/Science de la Vie et de la Terre (UFR/SVT) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University de Dédougou Dédougou Burkina Faso Université de Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso

The world is in turmoil with the emergence of various diseases in which bats play a key part. Indeed, bats are known to host bacteria that can create major public health problems. The investigation into bat bacteria was carried out from December 2020 to September 2021 at seven sites in Burkina Faso. Bat specimen collection occurred from 6 pm to 5 am with mist nets. On each bat captured, an oral and rectum swab was taken to search for bacterial species using standard bacterial culture methods. A total of 204 bats representing 11 species were captured. 183 bat specimens were infected by at least one bacterium with a prevalence of 89.7%. 54 species of bacteria divided into 30 genera were identified from the 183 specimens. Bacterial species richness was the highest in the bat Mops condylurus (A. Smith, 1833) followed by Epomophorus gambianus (Ogilby, 1835). Genus Escherichia was the most frequent of the bat species. Genus Pseudomonas alone is represented by six species. The most infected site was the rectum, from which we isolated 44 species of bacteria out of the 54 species. The most infected locality was Ouagadougou. Bacteria are highly pathogenic to humans and may be responsible for public health problems, such as Shigella sp. was identified and bacteria known to cause harm to bats such as Yersinia and Pasteurella were also isolated. From this study, decisions on the management of public health problems can be considered drown to avoid the emergence and re-emergence of certain zoonotic diseases.

关键词： Chiroptera Bacteria Prevalence Diversity Burkina Faso

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Coverage of community-wide mass drug administration platforms for soil-transmitted helminths in Benin, India, and Malawi: findings from the DeWorm3 project

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第5期13卷 16-29页

作者： Means Arianna Rubin ásbj?rnsdóttir Kristjana Hr?nn Sharrock Katherine C. Galagan Sean R. Aruldas Kumudha Avokpaho Euripide chabi Félicien Halliday Katherine E. Houngbegnon Parfait Israel Gideon John Kaliappan Saravanakumar Puthupalayam Kennedy David Legge Hugo Oswald William E. Palanisamy Gokila Rogers Elliott Timothy joseph Pearman Emily Ramesh Rohan Michael Simwanza James Sheik-Abdullah Jasmine Farzana Sheikh Mariyam Togbevi Comlanvi Innocent Witek-McManus Stefan Pullan Rachel L. Bailey Robin Kalua Khumbo Ibikounlé Moudachirou Luty Adrian J. F. Ajjampur Sitara S. R. Walson Judd L. Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle Washington USA The DeWormProject University of Washington Seattle Washington USA Centre of Public Health Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences Christian Medical College Vellore India Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin Abomey-Calavi Bénin Department of Disease Control Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene &amp Tropical Medicine London UK Global Health Division International Development Group Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International Research Triangle Park NC USA Division of Medicine University College London London UK Blantyre Institute for Community Outreach Lions Sight First Eye Hospital Blantyre Malawi Department of Population Health Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene &amp Clinical Research Department Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene &amp School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC)Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin Université Paris Cité Institut de Recherche pour le Développement MERIT Paris F-75006 France Department of International Health Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA

Background Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) affect approximately 1.5 billion people globally. The current STH control strategy is annual or twice-annual preventive chemotherapy, typically school-based deworming targeting children and women of reproductive age. Mathematical modeling suggests that it may be possible to interrupt STH transmission through high-coverage community-wide mass drug administration (cMDA). DeWorm3 is a cluster randomized trial testing cMDA for prevalence reduction and transmission interruption. The purpose of this study is to describe coverage of cMDA in study clusters over time and correlates of coverage at individual and cluster *** From 2018-2020, DeWorm3 delivered six rounds of cMDA with 400 mg albendazole at sites in Benin, India, and Malawi. We report coverage, treatment uptake, and directly observed therapy across all rounds. Factors associated with coverage at the cluster level were identified using binomial generalized estimating equations, while factors associated with non-treatment at the individual level were identified using binomial mixed-effects *** Coverage was high across all clusters and rounds, exceeding the WHO target of 75% in all sites and across all rounds (78% to 95%); cluster-level coverage tended to increase over time. Younger, unmarried, and migratory adults were more likely to be untreated at all sites; adult males were more likely to be untreated in Benin and Malawi. Among children, girls were more likely to be untreated, as were non-school-attending and migratory children. Higher adult education was associated with greater odds of non-treatment among adults, but lower odds among children in the household. Belonging to a less wealthy or minority language-speaking household was associated with non-treatment among both adults and *** It is possible to deliver community-wide MDA with high coverage. Unique individual and community-level factors influence treatment across settings,

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Mass drug administration Albendazole Community Coverage

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Survey of Cereal Consumption Habits in the Community of Djougou, Benin

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Food and Nutrition Sciences（食品与营养科学） 2023年第9期

作者： Mouhamed N.El-Hadji Alassane Moutawakilou J.Kisito chabi-Sika Agossou D.P.Noumavo Haziz Sina joseph Dossou Lamine Baba-Moussa Farid Baba-Moussa

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Audits of Death in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents Followed up in the Pediatric Department of the Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou/Alibori from 2005 to 2020

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Open Journal of Pediatrics（儿科学期刊） 2024年第2期 285页

作者： Alphonse Noudamadjo Mohamed Falilatou Agbeille Dénagan Kévin Amoussou MédétinmèGérardKpanidja Lahanatou Séidou Chantal chabi Réckya Kilaya Julien Didier Adédémy Agossou joseph

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