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爆炸物污染土壤中2,4-DNT和2,6-DNT的生物降解中试研究

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环境科学 2007年第3期28卷 613-616页

作者：何义亮 joseph b.hughes Sung SooHan School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332

设计采用包括土壤生物降解、反硝化以及循环混合系统构成的中试流程,模拟原位生物修复工艺,依靠污染土壤自身的生物降解过程去除2,4-二硝基甲苯(2,4-DNT)和2,6-二硝基甲苯(2,6-DNT).结果表明,即使在温度较低的条件下(8～15℃),2,4-DNT和... 详细信息

设计采用包括土壤生物降解、反硝化以及循环混合系统构成的中试流程,模拟原位生物修复工艺,依靠污染土壤自身的生物降解过程去除2,4-二硝基甲苯(2,4-DNT)和2,6-二硝基甲苯(2,6-DNT).结果表明,即使在温度较低的条件下(8～15℃),2,4-DNT和2,6-DNT仍可以被完全去除.两者虽然属于同分异构体,但前者的生物降解速率大大高于后者.系统可以维持自身的碱度平衡和保证无机营养供应,无需调节或补充;反硝化能够正常进行,从而防止亚硝酸根在系统内积累抑制DNT生物降解,但要彻底去除亚硝酸根及硝酸根,需要外加碳源.

关键词：土壤生物修复 2,4.DNT 2,6-DNT 反硝化

Fenton氧化处理爆炸物污染土壤的实验研究

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环境科学学报 2007年第10期27卷 1657-1662页

作者：何义亮 joseph b.hughes Sung SooHan School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta.GA30332USA 上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院上海200240

采用摇瓶和玻璃柱试验考察了Fenton氧化处理爆炸物污染土壤中2,4-DNT、2,6-DNT以及COD等的去除效果及其最佳参数.当3%H2O2投加量达到26.46mmol、FeSO4和H2O2的物质的量之比约为1:73.56时,2,4-DNT和2,6-DNT均可被完全氧化,COD去除率可达... 详细信息

采用摇瓶和玻璃柱试验考察了Fenton氧化处理爆炸物污染土壤中2,4-DNT、2,6-DNT以及COD等的去除效果及其最佳参数.当3%H2O2投加量达到26.46mmol、FeSO4和H2O2的物质的量之比约为1:73.56时,2,4-DNT和2,6-DNT均可被完全氧化,COD去除率可达到87%.对于2,4-DNT和2,6-DNT,反应时间只需要2h,但要同时去除其它芳香族硝基化合物,则反应时间需要超过8h.土壤直接Fenton氧化的效果并不理想,而对洗出液进行Fenton氧化可以取得很好的效果.通过反应动力学分析和丙酮抑制试验得出,2,4-DNT比2,6-DNT容易氧化.GC-MS分析结果表明,不仅土壤中的2,4-DNT、2,6-DNT可被氧化,其它的硝基芳香族有机化合物也可被氧化去除.

关键词： Fenton氧化爆炸物污染土壤 2,4-DNT 2,6-DNT

Extended quantum molecular dynamics model predicts new breathing modes in 36Ar bubble nuclei

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第10期35卷 268-270页

作者： joseph b.Natowitz Department of Chemistry and Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station

In theoretical investigations of36Ar published by Ge Ren et al.（Phys Lett b 138990,2024）,36Ar bubble nuclei,char acterized by central density depletions,were studied using the extended quantum molecular dynamics *** novel density distributions—microbubble,bubble,and cluster resonances—were identified,each showing distinc spectral signatures in the gamma-ray decay spectrum o the isoscalar monopole ***,the oscillation frequency of the bubble mode mirrors macroscopic bubble dynamics,bridging classical and quantum phenomena in atomic *** exploration of exotic nuclei,driven by advances in large-scale radioactive ion beam facilities,reshapes nuclea physics,particularly as regards the complex structures and behaviors of atomic *** structures and deforma tions[1–3]challenge traditional models.

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EVOLUTION AND INTERACTION OFδ-WAVES IN THE ZERO-PRESSURE GAS DYNAMICS SYSTEM

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2024年第5期44卷 1801-1836页

作者： Abhishek DAS K.T.joseph Centre for Data Science Institute of Technical Education and Research(ITER)Siksha‘O’Anusandhan(Deemed to be University)BhubaneswarOdisha751030India Centre for Applicable Mathematics Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchSharada NagarBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia

Evolution and interaction of plane waves of the multidimensional zero-pressure gas dynamics system leads to the study of the corresponding one dimensional *** this paper,we study the initial value problem for one dimensional zero-pressure gas dynamics *** the first equation is the burgers equation and the second one is the continuity *** consider the solution with initial data in the space of bounded borel *** we prove a general existence result in the algebra of generalized functions of *** we study in detail special solutions withδ-measures as initial *** study interaction of waves originating from initial data concentrated on two point sources and interaction with classical shock/rarefaction *** gives an understanding of plane-wave interactions in the multidimensional *** use the vanishing viscosity method in our analysis as this gives the physical solution.

关键词： zero-pressure gas dynamics delta-waves interaction of waves

Deadly oasis:Recurrent annihilation of Cretaceous desert bryophyte colonies;the role of solar,climate and lithospheric forcing

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第1期12卷 1-12页

作者： Juan Pedro Rodríguez-Lópeza Eduardo barrón Daniel Peyrot Gary b.hughes Department of Geology.Faculty of Science.United Arab Emirates University.50009.Al Ain Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Instituto Geológico y Minero de Espana(IGME) Ríos Rosas 23E-28003MadridSpain School of Earth and Environment University of Western Australia.6101CrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia Centre for Energy Geosciences University of Western Australia.6101CrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia Physics Department University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA93106USA

Many oases(wet interdunes)are sedimentary systems characterized by high-frequency water-level oscillations,marked changes in salinity and intense biological activity at their *** are considered to be one of the most challenging environments on Earth for ecosystem *** dynamic,depositional settings are usually unfavourable for fossilization and subsequent preservation of vegetal *** paper describes bryophyte(liverwort)assemblages occurring in three successive horizons interpreted to represent(i)recurrent early successional phases of biological soil crust colonization of wet interdune margins or(ii)exceptional preservation of floating or riparian liverworts in oasis pond waters associated with a progressive fall of the interdune water *** record of in situ colonization surfaces characterized by delicate(***-free)three-dimensional structures represents an exceptional type of preservation herein associated with a rapid variation in phreatic interdune water level and the subsequent establishment of anoxic and reducing *** occurrence of exceptionally preserved liverwort colonies coincides with the sedimentary record of,at least,three seismite levels in the *** gathered from the site suggests that the water table of the oasis was controlled by a combination of(i)a positive creation of accommodation space due to subsidence associated with movement on syn-sedimentary extensional faults,and(ii)the rise and fall of the oasis water table controlled by the oscillations of the groundwater system due to orbital changes which appear to drive the variability of the climate *** groundwater levels flooded the oasis soil crusts and lead to the exceptional recurrent preservation of liverwort colonies at the oasis ***,considering the hypothesis of floating or riparian liverworts in the oasis pond waters,the fall in the level of the oasis water table placed the floating liverworts in contact with the

关键词： Oasis Cretaceous Liverworts Colonies Extensional tectonics Solar cyclicity

Advances in discovery of novel investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis b:A comprehensive review of phases II and III therapeutic agents

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 331-343页

作者： Robert Lam joseph K Lim Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States

Chronic hepatitis b virus(HbV)infection affects over 295 million people globally and an estimated 1.6 million people in the United *** is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to cirrhosis,liver failure,and liver *** therapy with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues is associated with high rates of virologic suppression,which in turn has been associated with a decreased risk of liver ***,current antiviral regimens are limited by concerns with adverse effects,adherence,resistance,long-term treatment,and ongoing risk for liver *** investigational agents are currently in development and are targeted at achieving functional cure with sustained hepatitis b surface antigen(HbsAg)loss and suppression of HbV *** we review key evidence from phases II and III trials defining the efficacy and safety profiles for key investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis b,including core/capsid inhibitors,entry inhibitors,RNA interference(siRNA/ASO),HbsAg inhibitors,Toll-like receptor agonists,checkpoint inhibitors,and therapeutic vaccines.

关键词： Hepatitis b virus Treatment Clinical trials RNA interference Entry inhibitors Core inhibitors Immunomodulators

The Impacts and Causes of Land Fragmentation on Farm Productivity: Case Review of East African Countries

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第5期14卷 455-482页

作者： joseph Mayindo Mayele Jacob b. Kolleh Joel Emmanuel Saburi Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Forestry and Wildlife College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies University of Juba Juba South Sudan Department of Socio-Economic and Applied Statistics Central Agricultural Research Institute (CARI) Suakoko Liberia

This report provides an overall assessment of land fragmentation problems in East Africa. Many parts of East Africa have become highly fragmented, putting development systems and activities in these areas at risk of complete collapse. Land fragmentation occurs when land gets converted for agriculture, industrialization, or urbanization, invaded by non-local plants, or enclosed for individual use and by subdividing farmlands into subsequent smaller units called parcels with varying average farm sizes. Fragmentation results from inappropriate agricultural development processes and ineffective land use planning that fails to recognize how farmland is used, and the importance of its interconnected areas. Insecurity of tenure and resource rights are key factors in making this possible. Land fragmentation is one of the key reasons why the ability of most resources in East Africa becomes scarcer, and those remaining become “privatized” by more powerful community members—keen to maintain their access to them. Such individualistic attitudes are new and disadvantage the poorest even further by affecting the traditional customary safety nets and agricultural outputs. Neither the government nor customary governance systems effectively protect resource access for the poorest. This review summary report identifies the key causes, measures, and implications, government interventions, and the common remedies to land fragmentation problems in the East African Countries of Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Tanzania including neighboring Ethiopia, and the Sudan. The findings indicated from 2005 to 2015, the population kept increasing for all the named countries in East Africa with Rwanda and Uganda having a substantial increase in population density. The study review further explores the trend in the performance of agriculture by average farm sizes within the intervals of five years by highlighting their strong linkages and found that the average farm size has declined drastically, especiall

关键词： Land Fragmentation Land Consolidation Farm Productivity Industrialization Impacts Causes Average Farm Size Population East Africa

The Sigma-1 Receptor as a Pharmacologic Chaperone: Energetics

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Journal of biosciences and Medicines 2024年第8期12卷 347-356页

作者： Robert b. Raffa joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr. School of Pharmacy (Emeritus) Temple University Philadelphia PA USA College of Pharmacy (Adjunct) University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA NEMA Research Naples FL USA

Initially thought to be an opioid receptor subtype, Sigma-1 receptors (S1R) are now known to be unique proteins that have chaperone-like properties. As such, they play critical roles in cellular signaling, homeostasis, and cell survival. These roles offer significant insight for understanding homeostasis of normal physiologic processes, and the pathophysiologic consequences of disruption of normal function. because of the broad nature of chaperone action, S1R agonists and antagonists represent potential drug discovery goals for the pharmacotherapeutic treatment of a variety of disorders that result from dysfunctional proteins. The present study summarizes the S1R as a pharmacologic chaperone crucial for protein folding and cellular homeostasis. Through literature review and thermodynamic analysis, it explores how S1R stabilizes target proteins, influencing neuroprotection and potential drug therapies. The binding of chaperones to target proteins is thermodynamically favorable, offering insights into treating diseases linked to protein misfolding.

关键词： Chaperone Sigma-1 Receptor Energetics Thermodynamics Isothermal Titration Microcalorimetry

Exciton-polaritons in a 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity with the presence of optical Stark effect

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Chinese Physics b 2024年第3期33卷 551-555页

作者： Kenneth Coker 郑楚媛 joseph Roger Arhin Kwame Opuni-boachie Obour Agyekum 张伟利 School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Ho Technical UniversityHo 00233Ghana Telecommunication Engineering Department Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi 00233Ghana

This study investigates the properties of exciton-polaritons in a two-dimensional(2D)hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity in the presence of optical Stark *** both steady and dynamic state analyses,strong coupling between excitons of perovskite and cavity photons is revealed,indicating the formation of polaritons in the perovskite ***,it is found that an external optical Stark pulse can induce energy shifts of excitons proportional to the pulse intensity,which modifies the dispersion characteristics of the polaritons.

关键词： exciton-polaritons perovskite microcavity optical Stark effect