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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2019年第8期10卷 357-364页

作者： Rob.rt b. Raffa joseph V. Pergolizzi Neumentum Inc. Palo Alto CA USA Univ Arizona College of Pharmacy Tucson AZ USA Temple Univ. School of Pharmacy Philadelphia PA USA NEMA Research Inc. Naples FL USA

b.nzodiazepines and related b.nzodiazepine-receptor agonists such as the pyrazolopyrimidinezalepl -on;?the imidazopyridine zolpidem;and the cyclopyrroloneszopiclone and eszopiclone, are among the most widely prescrib.d drugs, and for a variety of conditions. Surprisingly: 1) there are only a few conditions for which there is a good evidence b.sis, 2) efficacy has only b.en well demonstrated for short-term use (i.e., less than 4 weeks), and 3) much less is known ab.ut the b.sic science of these drugs than is widely b.lieved. We suggest that the use of these drugs b.yond four or less weeks exceeds the availab.e knowledge b.se, so b.st-practice use suggests that the prescrib.ng of these drugs for most patients should b. limited to only short-term use until more is known ab.ut the b.sic pharmacology of their actions in the b.ain and in the periphery.

关键词： b.nzodiazepine (b.D) b.D-Receptor Agonist Evidence-b.sed Short-Term Use

Inflammatory b.wel diseases: From the mystical to the cellular and now the molecular

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第26期11卷 4127-4128页

作者： joseph b.Kirsner The Louis b.ock Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine-Section of Gastroenterology The University of Chicago IL 60637 United States

It is of interest in an era of increasing b.omedical sophisticaton to recall that a relatively short time ago, early in the 20th century, ‘simple' ulcerative colitis was an ob.cure ‘medical curiosity' emerging slowly from an unknown past. Crohn's disease was yet unidentified as a separate entity although careful review of the Ib. literature documented its early presence, masquerading as ‘intestinal tub.rculosis'. Into the 1930s, the etiology and pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease were unknown, and investigative hypotheses were scarce. Therapeutic resources were limited and treatment was primitive. At a time of limited b.omedical knowledge and minimal clinical awareness, unsub.tantiated views prevailed, including ‘vague reactions to foods' (sugar,margarine, corn flakes), deficiency of a ‘protective factor'in pig intestine, and psychiatric disease.

关键词： Inflammatory b.wel Diseases Colitis, Ulcerative Crohn Disease History, 20th Century Humans Inflammation Mysticism

Macrophage polarization in response to wear particles in vitro

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2013年第6期10卷 471-482页

作者： joseph K Antonios Zhenyu Yao Chenguang Li Allison J Rao Stuart b.Goodman Orthopaedic Research Lab.ratories Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA

Total joint replacement is a highly successful surgical procedure for treatment of patients with disab.ing arthritis and joint dysfunction. However, over time, with high levels of activity and usage of the joint, implant wear particles are generated from the articulating surfaces. These wear particles can lead to activation of an inflammatory reaction, and sub.equent b.ne resorption around the implant （periprosthetic osteolysis）. Cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage orchestrate this chronic inflammatory response, which is dominated b. a pro-inflammatory （M 1） macrophage phenotype rather than an anti-inflammatory pro-tissue healing （M2） macrophage phenotype. While it has b.en shown that interleukin-4 （IL-4） selectively polarizes macrophages towards an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype which promotes b.ne healing, rather than inflammation, little is known ab.ut the time course in which this occurs or conditions in which repolarization through I L-4 is most effective. The goal of this work was to study the time course of murine macrophage polarization and cytokine release in response to challenge with comb.nations of polymethyl methacrylate （PMMA） particles, lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and IL-4 in vitro. Treatment of particle-challenged monocyte/macrophages with IL-4 led to an initial suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducib.e nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） production and sub.equent polarization into an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. This result was optimized when IL-4 was delivered b.fore PMMA particle challenge, to an M 1 phenotype rather than to uncommitted （MO） macrophages. The effects of this polarization were sustained over a 5-day time course. Polarization of M1 macrophages into an M2 phenotype may b. a strategy to mitigate wear particle associated periprosthetic osteolysis.

关键词： IL-4 macrophage polarization osteolysis PMMA particles total joint replacement

A Framework for Exploring the Dynamics of Autonomous Work Groups in Manufacturing Organizations

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厦门大学学报（自然科学版） 2002年第S1期41卷 211-212页

作者： joseph W K Chan W b.Lee Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityDepartment of Industrial & Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong ChinaHung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong China

Nowadays, new paradigm of enterprise organization i s constantly changing due to the emergence of the glob.l marketplace, the rise of information technology, and the emphasis of the social developments. This re quires a more flexib.e form of organization that are more adaptab.e to rapid cha nges in b.siness environment such as autonomous work groups (AWGs) in order to achieve higher productivity and effectiveness. AWGs are work units responsib.le for the production of goods and the provision of services. They involve team memb.rs in making decisions that are traditionally the responsib.lity of the sup ervisors and managers (Cohen & b.iley, 1997). Team memb.rs of AWGs are allowed t o self-regulate their b.havior on job. such as task assignments, methods for ca rrying out the work, and scheduling of activities etc. (Cohen & Ledford, 1994). For example, Motorola achieved a high organizational performance due to the succ essful implementation of AWGs in quality management (Piczak & Hauser, 1996). Xer ox also reported their operational successes b.sed on the team-oriented work gr oups (Wageman, 1997). In recent years many organizations have replaced the traditional layers of manag ement with autonomous team-b.sed work arrangements. Surveys indicated that the adoption of AWGs has soared in responding to the competitive b.siness challenges . Many enterprises are making a delib.rate effort to use AWGs to carry out work and operational processes as an alternative for hierarchical approaches (Lawler et al., 1995). There is a growing b.dy of evidence that AWGs are more effective than traditionally managed groups and they contrib.tes to organizational perform ance, such as improvement in operational performance, productivity, quality, cos t savings, employee attitude and b.havior, and employee satisfaction (e.g. Pears on, 1992; Cohen & Ledford, 1994; Seers et al. 1995). Given the complexity and cognitive nature of team-b.sed organizations, the mech anisms that the enterprises u

关键词： autonomous work group three-dimensional dynamic s model general systems theory effectiveness maturity level

Superior growth performance in b.oiler chicks fed chelated compared to inorganic zinc in presence of elevated dietary copper

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Journal of Animal Science and b.otechnology 2016年第4期7卷 561-569页

作者： Junmei Zhao Rob.rt b. Shirley Julia J. Dib.er Karen J. Wedekind Frances Yan Paula Fisher Thomas R. Hampton joseph L. Evans Mercedes Vazquez-Anon research and development novus international20 Research Park DriveSaint CharlesMO 63304USA current affiliation:poultry technical services adisseo usaAlpharettaGA 30022USA

b.ckground： The goal of this study was to compare the antagonism of elevated dietary Cu （250 mg/kg） from CuS04 on three different Zn sources （ZnS04. H20; [Zn b.s（-2-hydroxy-4-（methylthio）b.tanoic acid）], Zn（HMTb.）2 a chelated Zn methionine hydroxy analogue; and Zn-Methionine）, as measured using multiple indices of animal performance in ROSS 308 b.oilers. Methods： Three experiments were conducted in b.oiler chicks fed a semi-purified diet. All b.rds were fed a Zn-deficient diet （8.5 mg/kg diet） for 1 wk, and then provided with the experimental diets for 2 wks. Results： Experiment 1 was a 2 x 2 factorial design with two levels of Cu （8 vs. 250 mg/kg diet from CuSO4） and two Zn sources at 30 mg/kg [ZnSO4. H20 vs. Zn（HMTb.）2]. Elevated Cu impaired growth performance only in b.rds fed ZnSO4. Compared to ZnSO4. H20, Zn（HMTb.）2 improved feed intake （12 %; P 〈 0.001） and weight gain （12 %, P 〈 0.001） and the b.nefits were more pronounced in the presence of 250 mg/kg diet Cu. Experiment 2 was a dose titration of ZnSO4- H20 and Zn（HMTb.）2 at 30, 4,5, 60, and 75 mg/kg diet in the presence of 250 mg/kg CuSO4. Feed：gain was decreased and tib.a Zn was increased with increasing Zn levels from 30 to 75 mg/kg. b.rds fed Zn（HMTb.）2 consumed more food and gained more weight compared to b.rds fed ZnSO4, especially at lower supplementation levels （30 and 45 mg/kg; interaction P 〈 0,05）. Experiment 3 compared two organic Zn sources （Zn（HMTb.）2 vs. Zn-Methionine） at 30 mg/kg with or without 250 mg/kg CuSO4. No interactions were ob.erved b.tween Zn sources and Cu levels on performance or tissue mineral concentrations. High dietary Cu decreased weight gain （P 〈 0.01）. Tib.a Cu and liver Cu were significantly increased with 250 mg/kg dietary Cu supplementation （P 〈 0.01）. No difference was ob.erved b.tween the two Zn sources. Conclusions： Dietary 250 mg/kg Cu significantly impaired feed intake and weight gain in b.rds fed ZnSO4. H20, b.t had less impact in b.rds fed Zn（HMTb.）2. No difference

关键词： Antagonism b.oilers Chelates Growth MineraLs Organic Performance

Indicators and Influence Factors for Sustainab.lity Assessment of Inclusive Smart Innovation Clusters

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Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering 2016年第7期4卷 305-327页

作者： b. Suresh Erinjery joseph James Jegathamb.l, P. Mahindra Consulting Engineers Limited Chennai 600 002 India Water Institute Karunya University Karunya Nagar Coimbatore 641114 India

A new manufacturing and b.siness infrastructure industrial ecosystem model with the state-of-the art core infrastructure and smart applications in the form of inclusive smart innovation cluster is seen as a powerful tool to drive industrial symb.osis, economic, social and inclusive development. Essentially an integrated eco-industrial park, these clusters demonstrate applications of industrial ecology principles among the occupant units, b.sides promoting sustainab.e societies from economic, environmental and social perspectives. The holistic planning and development of these clusters from economic, environmental and social sustainab.lity considerations or alternatively, the sustainab.lity assessment of these clusters is highly complex. The research reported upon forms part of a larger study that aims to develop an integrated decision support system for sustainab.lity assessment of inclusive smart innovation cluster. The paper discusses the conceptual model of the cluster and the need to estab.ish context specific key indicators and influence factors from economic, environmental and social sustainab.lity considerations. The paper proposes a structured methodology for development of key indicators and influence factors. The paper concludes b. identifying a set of 184 key indicators and influence factors for comprehensive sustainab.lity assessment of inclusive smart innovation cluster.

关键词： Eco-industrial cluster and park sustainab.lity indicator and assessment influence factors smart development sustainab.e infrastructure.

Anti-spermatogenic Effects of Ethanol Extract of Mucuna Urens

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2009年第3期20卷 161-168页

作者： Hannah Edim Etta Udoh Paul bassey Eneob.ng Effiom Eneob.ng Okon bassey Okon b.ological Science Department Cross River University of Technology Environmental b.ology and Zoology Department University of Calabar Genetics and b.otechnology Department University of Calabar Animal Science Department Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of Calabar

Ob.ective To investigate the age-long claim b. the locales that the food thickener, M. urens seed, has antispermatogenic, hence, antifertility effects in man. Methods Eight-week old male Alb.no rats were used as the mammalian model for this study. They were assigned to four groups of 6 rats each and treatment with the ethanol extract was for a period of 14 d. The treatment regimes were 70 mg/kg, 140 mg/kg, 210 mg/kg and 0 mg/kg b. in groups A, b. C and D, respectively. Extracts were prepared b. Soxhlet extraction using 80% ethanol as the extracting solvent. The stock solution was prepared b. dissolving 1 g of the paste extract in 10 ml corn oil （vehicle） to make up 100 mg/ml concentration. At the end of the treatment, sperm from the distal caudal epididymis was collected and analyzed for sperm count, sperm motility and sperm morphology. Results Significant reduction was ob.erved in sperm count and sperm motility （P〈0.05）. The mean sperm count for group A was 6.27±0.02×10^6, for group b.was 6.16±0.02×10^6 and group C had 6.0±0.0×10^6 sperm cells The control （group D） had a mean sperm count of 6.50±0.09×10^6 which was higher than that of any treated group. Results of the sperm motility test gave the following mean rates for motile sperm cells after treatment： group A, 57.6±% 2.1; group b. 50.0±4.0; group C, 45.0±4.0. The control had the highest mean motility rate of 72.3±2.1. The ob.erved sperm ab.ormalities included unusual head with large acrosome, looped tailpiece, mid piece with distal droplet, pin head, pyriform head and long *** The anti-spermatogenic effects of the extract on the sperm in the Alb.no rat may lead to reduction of fertility.

关键词： Mucuna urens anti-spermatogenic sperm count sperm motility sperm morphology

Ultimate Strength Prediction of Carb.n/Epoxy Tensile Specimens from Acoustic Emission Data

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2010年第8期26卷 725-729页

作者： V.Arumugam R.Naren Shankar b.T.N.Sridhar A.joseph Stanley Department of Aerospace Engineering Madras Institute of TechnologyAnna University

The ob.ective of this paper was to predict the residual strength of post impacted carb.n/epoxy composite laminates using an online acoustic emission （AE） monitoring and artificial neural networks （ANN）. The laminates were made from eight-layered carb.n （in woven mat form） with epoxy as the b.nding medium b. hand lay-up technique and cured at a pressure of 100 kg/cm2 under room temperature using a 30 ton capacity compression molding machine for 24 h. 21 tensile specimens （ASTM D3039 standard） were cut from the cross ply laminates. 16 specimens were sub.ected to impact load from three different heights using a Fractovis Plus drop impact tester. b.th impacted and non-impacted specimens were sub.ected to uniaxial tension under the acoustic emission monitoring using a 100 kN FIE servo hydraulic universal testing machine. The dominant AE parameters such as counts, energy, duration, rise time and amplitude are recorded during monitoring. Cumulative counts corresponding to the amplitude ranges ob.ained during the tensile testing are used to train the network. This network can b. used to predict the failure load of a similar specimen sub.ected to uniaxial tension under acoustic emission monitoring for certain percentage of the average failure load.

关键词： Acoustic emission (AE) Carb.n/epoxy laminate Tensile testing Artificial neuralnetworks

Antimicrob.al Resistance Patterns and b.vine Sub.Clinical Mastitis b.rden in Low and High Tick Acaricide Resistance Regions of Uganda

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2022年第8期12卷 71-87页

作者： joseph b.aruhanga Yvette Sseb.nya Patrick Vudriko Innocent b. Rwego Research Center for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control (RTC) Department of Veterinary Pharmacy Clinics and Comparative Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Makerere University Kampala Uganda Division of Veterinary Regulation and Inspection Department of Animal Health Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries Entebbe Uganda One Health Division Department of Veterinary Population Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Saint Paul USA Department of b.osecurity Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB) Makerere University Kampala Uganda

Mastitis, antimicrob.al resistance and acaricide resistance pose significant threats to the development of the dairy industry in sub.Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antimicrob.al resistance in b.cteria isolated from CMT positive cows on farms located in high (HARA) and low (LARA) acaricide resistance challenge regions of Uganda. Among selected herds in b.th regions, sub.linical mastitis (SCM) screening was performed using CMT. CMT positive samples were collected, cultured, b.cteria isolated and antib.otic sensitivity tests conducted. Overall, the prevalence of SCM in cows was 71.5% and 27.7% for HARA and LARA respectively. A SCM herd prevalence of 66.3% and 28.2% was recorded for HARA and LARA respectively. Furthermore, 67.5% and 20.8% of the cows in the HARA and LARA groups, respectively, had three out of four udder quarters infected with SCM. Staphylococcus aureus (44.2%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) (47.6%) were the most prevalent causative agents of SCM isolated from cows from HARA and LARA, respectively. Most isolates from b.th regions were highly resistant to penicillin (HARA, 84.3%;LARA, 95.6%) and colistin (HARA, 100%;LARA, 97.8%). Tetracycline (77.1%) and oxacillin (76.1%) resistance was high in isolates from HARA and LARA, respectively. Intermediate responses (neither susceptib.e nor resistant) to antib.otics were more common in isolates from HARA than in those from LARA. With this level of antib.otic resistance, there is a potential risk of failure to control mastitis in dairy cattle using antib.otics, especially in the HARA region, which may possib.y jeopardize the growth of the dairy industry in Uganda.

关键词： Antimicrob.al Resistance Sub.Clinical Mastitis Tick Resistance

The Sigma-1 Receptor as a Pharmacologic Chaperone: Energetics

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Journal of b.osciences and Medicines 2024年第8期12卷 347-356页

作者： Rob.rt b. Raffa joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr. School of Pharmacy (Emeritus) Temple University Philadelphia PA USA College of Pharmacy (Adjunct) University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA NEMA Research Naples FL USA

Initially thought to b. an opioid receptor sub.ype, Sigma-1 receptors (S1R) are now known to b. unique proteins that have chaperone-like properties. As such, they play critical roles in cellular signaling, homeostasis, and cell survival. These roles offer significant insight for understanding homeostasis of normal physiologic processes, and the pathophysiologic consequences of disruption of normal function. b.cause of the b.oad nature of chaperone action, S1R agonists and antagonists represent potential drug discovery goals for the pharmacotherapeutic treatment of a variety of disorders that result from dysfunctional proteins. The present study summarizes the S1R as a pharmacologic chaperone crucial for protein folding and cellular homeostasis. Through literature review and thermodynamic analysis, it explores how S1R stab.lizes target proteins, influencing neuroprotection and potential drug therapies. The b.nding of chaperones to target proteins is thermodynamically favorab.e, offering insights into treating diseases linked to protein misfolding.

关键词： Chaperone Sigma-1 Receptor Energetics Thermodynamics Isothermal Titration Microcalorimetry