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The treatment of the“untreatable”patient-revisited

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第5期9卷 885-887页

作者： joseph b. kirsner The Louis block Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine Section of GastroenterologyDepartment of Medicineuniversity of ChicagoUSA

The limits of medicine have not yet been reached. Numerous human illnesses initially thought to be incurable are reversible under unique and unpredictable individual *** paper, and the preceding companion publication,describes instances of the successful treatment of patients previously labeled as untreatable, including instances of severe ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

关键词：消化道疾病难治性疾病急性溃疡性大肠炎克隆病综述

blossoming of gastroenterology during the twentieth century

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第11期10卷 1541-1542页

作者： joseph b.kirsner The Louis block Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine-Section of GastroenterologyThe University of ChicagoIL 60637USA

Awareness of the digestive system began with the dawn of civilization, when man observing the feeding habits of animalsin the surrounding environment, experimented with foods, edible and inedible. Identity came with discoveries of the digestive organs during the 16^th and 17^th centuries. Function was revealed by physiologic studies of digestion, absorption and secretion, metabolism, and motility during the 18^th and 19^th centuries. Diagnostic access improved with the technological advances of the 20^th century. Understanding of gastrointestinal (GI) disease followed growth of the basic sciences and gastroenterology's increased involvement in scientific research during the 20^th century.

关键词： biotechnology Gastroenterology History, 20th Century

Inflammatory bowel diseases: From the mystical to the cellular and now the molecular

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第26期11卷 4127-4128页

作者： joseph b.kirsner The Louis block Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine-Section of Gastroenterology The University of Chicago IL 60637 United States

It is of interest in an era of increasing biomedical sophisticaton to recall that a relatively short time ago, early in the 20th century, ‘simple' ulcerative colitis was an obscure ‘medical curiosity' emerging slowly from an unknown past. Crohn's disease was yet unidentified as a separate entity although careful review of the IbD literature documented its early presence, masquerading as ‘intestinal tuberculosis'. Into the 1930s, the etiology and pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease were unknown, and investigative hypotheses were scarce. Therapeutic resources were limited and treatment was primitive. At a time of limited biomedical knowledge and minimal clinical awareness, unsubstantiated views prevailed, including ‘vague reactions to foods' (sugar,margarine, corn flakes), deficiency of a ‘protective factor'in pig intestine, and psychiatric disease.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel Diseases Colitis, Ulcerative Crohn Disease History, 20th Century Humans Inflammation Mysticism

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溃疡性结肠炎

英国医学杂志中文版 2017年第7期20卷 387-392页

作者： Alexander C Ford Paul Moayyedl Steven b Hanauer joseph b kirsner 谭蓓吴东 Leeds Gastroenterology Institute St James's University Hospital Leeds LS9 7TF UK Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine Leeds University Leeds UK McMaster University Medical Centre Hamilton ON Canada University of Chicago 5481 S Maryland Ave Chicago IL USA 北京协和医院消化科

溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerativecolitis，uc）是一种消化道炎症性疾病，病变主要位于结直肠。UC好发于青年人，发达国家的人群患病率较高。UC表现为结直肠弥漫性、连续性浅表炎症，以及相应的组织学改变。下消化道内镜或影像检查可以明确诊... 详细信息

溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerativecolitis，uc）是一种消化道炎症性疾病，病变主要位于结直肠。UC好发于青年人，发达国家的人群患病率较高。UC表现为结直肠弥漫性、连续性浅表炎症，以及相应的组织学改变。下消化道内镜或影像检查可以明确诊断。目前尚未发现UC的明确病因，其发病机制与遗传易感个体的结肠内环境变化有关，具有慢性、终身、易复发的病程特点。

关键词：溃疡性结肠炎治疗方法消化系统医疗卫生行业

Extended quantum molecular dynamics model predicts new breathing modes in 36Ar bubble nuclei

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第10期35卷 268-270页

作者： joseph b.Natowitz Department of Chemistry and Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station

In theoretical investigations of36Ar published by Ge Ren et al.（Phys Lett b 138990,2024）,36Ar bubble nuclei,char acterized by central density depletions,were studied using the extended quantum molecular dynamics *** novel density distributions—microbubble,bubble,and cluster resonances—were identified,each showing distinc spectral signatures in the gamma-ray decay spectrum o the isoscalar monopole ***,the oscillation frequency of the bubble mode mirrors macroscopic bubble dynamics,bridging classical and quantum phenomena in atomic *** exploration of exotic nuclei,driven by advances in large-scale radioactive ion beam facilities,reshapes nuclea physics,particularly as regards the complex structures and behaviors of atomic *** structures and deforma tions[1–3]challenge traditional models.

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EVOLUTION AND INTERACTION OFδ-WAVES IN THE ZERO-PRESSURE GAS DYNAMICS SYSTEM

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2024年第5期44卷 1801-1836页

作者： Abhishek DAS K.T.joseph Centre for Data Science Institute of Technical Education and Research(ITER)Siksha‘O’Anusandhan(Deemed to be University)BhubaneswarOdisha751030India Centre for Applicable Mathematics Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchSharada NagarBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia

Evolution and interaction of plane waves of the multidimensional zero-pressure gas dynamics system leads to the study of the corresponding one dimensional *** this paper,we study the initial value problem for one dimensional zero-pressure gas dynamics *** the first equation is the burgers equation and the second one is the continuity *** consider the solution with initial data in the space of bounded borel *** we prove a general existence result in the algebra of generalized functions of *** we study in detail special solutions withδ-measures as initial *** study interaction of waves originating from initial data concentrated on two point sources and interaction with classical shock/rarefaction *** gives an understanding of plane-wave interactions in the multidimensional *** use the vanishing viscosity method in our analysis as this gives the physical solution.

关键词： zero-pressure gas dynamics delta-waves interaction of waves

Advances in discovery of novel investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis b:A comprehensive review of phases II and III therapeutic agents

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 331-343页

作者： Robert Lam joseph K Lim Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States

Chronic hepatitis b virus(HbV)infection affects over 295 million people globally and an estimated 1.6 million people in the United *** is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to cirrhosis,liver failure,and liver *** therapy with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues is associated with high rates of virologic suppression,which in turn has been associated with a decreased risk of liver ***,current antiviral regimens are limited by concerns with adverse effects,adherence,resistance,long-term treatment,and ongoing risk for liver *** investigational agents are currently in development and are targeted at achieving functional cure with sustained hepatitis b surface antigen(HbsAg)loss and suppression of HbV *** we review key evidence from phases II and III trials defining the efficacy and safety profiles for key investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis b,including core/capsid inhibitors,entry inhibitors,RNA interference(siRNA/ASO),HbsAg inhibitors,Toll-like receptor agonists,checkpoint inhibitors,and therapeutic vaccines.

关键词： Hepatitis b virus Treatment Clinical trials RNA interference Entry inhibitors Core inhibitors Immunomodulators

The Impacts and Causes of Land Fragmentation on Farm Productivity: Case Review of East African Countries

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第5期14卷 455-482页

作者： joseph Mayindo Mayele Jacob b. Kolleh Joel Emmanuel Saburi Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Forestry and Wildlife College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies University of Juba Juba South Sudan Department of Socio-Economic and Applied Statistics Central Agricultural Research Institute (CARI) Suakoko Liberia

This report provides an overall assessment of land fragmentation problems in East Africa. Many parts of East Africa have become highly fragmented, putting development systems and activities in these areas at risk of complete collapse. Land fragmentation occurs when land gets converted for agriculture, industrialization, or urbanization, invaded by non-local plants, or enclosed for individual use and by subdividing farmlands into subsequent smaller units called parcels with varying average farm sizes. Fragmentation results from inappropriate agricultural development processes and ineffective land use planning that fails to recognize how farmland is used, and the importance of its interconnected areas. Insecurity of tenure and resource rights are key factors in making this possible. Land fragmentation is one of the key reasons why the ability of most resources in East Africa becomes scarcer, and those remaining become “privatized” by more powerful community members—keen to maintain their access to them. Such individualistic attitudes are new and disadvantage the poorest even further by affecting the traditional customary safety nets and agricultural outputs. Neither the government nor customary governance systems effectively protect resource access for the poorest. This review summary report identifies the key causes, measures, and implications, government interventions, and the common remedies to land fragmentation problems in the East African Countries of Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Tanzania including neighboring Ethiopia, and the Sudan. The findings indicated from 2005 to 2015, the population kept increasing for all the named countries in East Africa with Rwanda and Uganda having a substantial increase in population density. The study review further explores the trend in the performance of agriculture by average farm sizes within the intervals of five years by highlighting their strong linkages and found that the average farm size has declined drastically, especiall

关键词： Land Fragmentation Land Consolidation Farm Productivity Industrialization Impacts Causes Average Farm Size Population East Africa

The Sigma-1 Receptor as a Pharmacologic Chaperone: Energetics

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Journal of biosciences and Medicines 2024年第8期12卷 347-356页

作者： Robert b. Raffa joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr. School of Pharmacy (Emeritus) Temple University Philadelphia PA USA College of Pharmacy (Adjunct) University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA NEMA Research Naples FL USA

Initially thought to be an opioid receptor subtype, Sigma-1 receptors (S1R) are now known to be unique proteins that have chaperone-like properties. As such, they play critical roles in cellular signaling, homeostasis, and cell survival. These roles offer significant insight for understanding homeostasis of normal physiologic processes, and the pathophysiologic consequences of disruption of normal function. because of the broad nature of chaperone action, S1R agonists and antagonists represent potential drug discovery goals for the pharmacotherapeutic treatment of a variety of disorders that result from dysfunctional proteins. The present study summarizes the S1R as a pharmacologic chaperone crucial for protein folding and cellular homeostasis. Through literature review and thermodynamic analysis, it explores how S1R stabilizes target proteins, influencing neuroprotection and potential drug therapies. The binding of chaperones to target proteins is thermodynamically favorable, offering insights into treating diseases linked to protein misfolding.

关键词： Chaperone Sigma-1 Receptor Energetics Thermodynamics Isothermal Titration Microcalorimetry