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Ocular therapies for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses: more than meets the eye

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第8期17卷 1755-1756页

作者： Samantha J.murray Nadia L.Mitchell Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses(NCLs),also known as Batten disease,are a group of inherited,neurodegenerative,lysosomal storage diseases typically manifesting in *** are currently 13 known forms of NCL resulting from various mutations in the CLN(ceroid lipofuscinoses neuronal)genes(CLN1-8 and CLN10-14).Although varying in onset and severity,the NCLs share several phenotypic features including seizures,motor dysfunction,cognitive decline,and progressive loss of vision(Mole et al.,2011).Current treatment strategies being investigated in pre-clinical studies and early stage clinical trials primarily target the brain and spinal *** these potential therapeutics show promise in attenuating neurological disease,protection against retinal dysfunction and degeneration is generally ineffective or not reported.

关键词： degeneration primarily typically

Epstein-Barr virus and the origin of Hodgkin lymphoma

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2014年第12期33卷 591-597页

作者： Martina Vockerodt Fathima Zumla Cader Claire Shannon-Lowe Paul murray School of Cancer Sciences University of Birmingham

Although Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)is present in the malignant Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg(HRS)cells of a proportion of cases of classical Hodgkin lymphoma(c HL),how the virus contributes to the pathogenesis of this disease remains poorly *** is clear from the studies of other EBV-associated cancers that the virus is usually not sufficient for tumor development and that other oncogenic co-factors are *** article reviews what is known about the contribution of EBV to the pathogenesis of c HL and focuses on emerging evidence implicating chronic inflammation as a potential oncogenic co-factor in this malignancy.

关键词： Epstein-Barr病毒淋巴瘤起源金恶性肿瘤发病机制辅助因子 EBV

Correlation of MRI-determined small bowel Crohn’s disease categories with medical response and surgical pathology

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第27期15卷 3367-3375页

作者： Ian Craig Lawrance Christopher J Welman Peter Shipman Kevin murray School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western AustraliaFremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Department of Gastroenterology Fremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Department of Radiology Fremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Statistical Consulting Group School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Western AustraliaWA 6160 Australia

AIM: To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to categorize small bowel Crohn's disease (SB CD) into groups that correlate with response to medical therapy and surgical ***: Data was collected from all patients with MRI evidence of SB CD without significant colonic disease over a 32-mo period. Two radiologists, blinded to clinical findings, evaluated each MRI and grouped them based on bowel wall thickness and wall enhancement. These categories were: (1) "fibrosis", (2) "mild segmental hyper-enhancement and mild wall thickening", (3) "mild segmental hyper-enhancement and marked wall thickening", (4) "marked segmental transmural hyper-enhancement". Patient response to additional medical therapy post-MRI was prospectively determined at 8-wk. Non-responders underwent endoscopy and were offered therapeutic endoscopy or surgery. Surgical pathology was assessed against the MRI category. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients were included. Females and category "2" patients were more likely, and patients with luminal narrowing and hold-up less likely, to respond to medical therapy (P < 0.05). Seventeen patients underwent surgery. The surgical pathologicalfindings of fibrosis and the severity of inflammation correlated with the MRI category in all ***: Our fi ndings suggest that SB CD can be grouped by the MRI f indings and that these groups are associated with patients more likely to respond to continued medical therapy. The MRI categories also correlated with the presence and level of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis on surgical pathology, and may be of prognostic use in the management of CD patients.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Crohn's disease Fibrosis Prognosis Pathology

Small bowel MRI enteroclysis or follow through:Which is optimal?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第42期15卷 5300-5306页

作者： Ian C Lawrance Christopher J Welman Peter Shipman Kevin murray School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western AustraliaFremantle HospitalWA 6160Australia Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Fremantle HospitalWA 6160Australia Department of Radiology Fremantle HospitalWA 6160Australia Statistical Consulting Group School of Mathe-matics and StatisticsUniversity of Western AustraliaWA 6009Australia

AIM： TO determine if a nasojejunal tube （NJT） is required for optimal examination of enteroclysis and if patients can be examined only in the supine position. METHODS： Data were collected from all patients undergoing small bowel （SB） magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） examination over a 32-mo period. Patients either underwent a magnetic resonance （MR） follow-through （MRFT） or a MR enteroclysis （MRE） in the supine position. The quality of proximal and distal SB distension as well as the presence of motion artefact and image quality were assessed by 2 radiologists. RESULTS： One hundred and fourteen MR studies were undertaken （MRFT-49, MRE-65） in 108 patients in the supine position only. Image artefact was more frequent in MRE than in MRFT （29.2% vs 18.4%）, but was not statistically significant （P = 0.30）. Adequate distension of the distal SB was obtained in 97.8% of MRFT examinations and in 95.4% of MRE examinations, respectively. Proximal SB distension was, however, less frequently optimal in MRFT than in MRE （P = 0.0036）, particularly in patients over the age of 50 years （P = 0.0099）. Image quality was good in all examinations. CONCLUSION： All patients could be successfully iraaged in the supine position. MRE and MRFT are equivalent for distal SB distension and artefact effects. Proximal SB distension is frequently less optimal in MRFT than in MRE. MRE is, therefore, the preferred MR examination method of the SB.

关键词： Magnetic resonance enteroclysis Magnetic resonance enterography Magnetic resonance follow through Artefact

Latent hepatitis B is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第48期19卷 9328-9333页

作者： Arvind Reddy Elizabeth May murray Ehrinpreis Milton Mutchnick Division of Gastroenterology Wayne State University Detroit MI 48201 United States

AIM:To study the potential association between hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC),cirrhosis and latent hepatitis B(LHB)infection,defined as the absence of detectable serum hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and the presence of hepatitis B core antibody(HBcAb).METHODS:This retrospective analysis is comprised of 185 cirrhotic patients with HCC who were hepatitis C virus antibody(HCV Ab)(+)and HBsAg(-)at Wayne State University between 1999 and *** these,108 patients had HCV polymerase chain reaction confirmation of viremia while the remaining(77)were considered to have CHC on the basis of a positive HCV Ab and the absence of any other cause of liver *** were drawn from our institutional database from the same time period and consisted of 356 HBsAg(-)age,race and gender matched patients with HCV RNA-confirmed CHC and without evidence of HCC.A subgroup of controls included 118matched patients with liver cirrhosis.χ2test and t test were used for data ***:Seventy-seven percent of patients in all3 groups were African *** with HCC had a significantly higher body mass index(P=0.03),a higher rate of co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)(P=0.05)and a higher prevalence of alcohol abuse(P=0.03)than the *** patients with HCC had LHB than controls(78%vs39%,P=0.01).Sixty three percent of patients with HCC were both hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAb)(-)and HBcAb(+)compared to 23%of controls(P<0.01).When compared to cirrhotic controls,the frequency of HBcAb(+)remained higher in patients with HCC(78%vs 45%,P=0.02).Patients with HCC were more likely to be both HBsAb(-)and HBcAb(+)than the cirrhotic controls(63%vs 28%,P=0.01).Although not statistically significant,100%of CHC and HIV coinfected patients with HCC(n=11)were HBcAb(+)when compared to controls(44%;n=9).CONCLUSION:These data suggest that LHB occurs at a significantly increased frequency in patients with CHC and HCC than in

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Chronic hepatitis C Latent hepatitis B Hepatitis C virus

Challenges of modeling solar disturbances' arrival times at the Earth

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第10期51卷 1580-1588页

作者： C. D. FRY Chin-Chun WU murray DRYER Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research The University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville AL 35899 USA Exploration Physics International Inc. Huntsville AL 35806 USA Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research The University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville AL 35899 USA Space Weather Laboratory NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 USA Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research The University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville AL 35899 USA Exploration Physics International Inc. Huntsville AL 35806 USA Space Weather Prediction Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Boulder Colorado USA

In recent years remarkable advances have been made in the development of phys-ics based models of various parts of the solar-terrestrial system (see JASTP special issues, October, November 2004; February 2007). In this paper, we focus our dis-cussions in a specific region of the Sun to the Earth’s environment (i.e. 1 AU). It is well-known that geomagnetic storms are caused by solar eruptions. The conse-quences of these storms include particle acceleration, solar wind impact on the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere, UV-EUV radiation effects on the lower at-mosphere, etc. One of the main challenges is to predict the arrival time at 1 AU of the solar disturbance. The prospects look good for an accurate, real-time forecast scheme built on the acquisition of solar, heliosphere and the near-Earth data and large-scale models. However, the accuracy of these models still needs improve-ment. We will discuss the present status of the models and challenges to improve the simulation models.

关键词： space weather――magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Modeling MHD Sun-Earth connection MHD Sun-Corona

Automatic target tracking on multi-resolution terrain

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第7期7卷 1275-1281页

作者： WAN Ming ZHANG Wei murray Marie O. KAUFMAN Ariet The Boeing Company P.O. Box 3707 MC 7L-40 Seattle W.4 98124-2207 USA Department of Computer Setence and Center for Visual Computing State University of New York at Stony BrookStony Brook NY 11794-4400 USA

We propose a high-performance path planning algorithm for automatic target tracking in the applications of real-time simulation and visualization of large-scale terrain datasets, with a large number of moving objects （such as vehicles） tracking multiple moving targets. By using a modified Dijkstra＇s algorithm, an optimal path between each vehicle-target pair over a weighted grid-presented terrain is computed and updated to eliminate the problem of local minima and losing of tracking. Then, a dynamic path re-planning strategy using multi-resolution representation of a dynamic updating region is proposed to achieve high-performance by trading-off precision for efficiency, while guaranteeing accuracy. Primary experimental results showed that our algorithm successfully achieved l0 to 96 frames per second interactive path-replanning rates during a terrain simulation scenario with 10 to 100 vehicles and multiple moving targets.

关键词： Target tracking Path planning Dijkstra's algorithm Voxel-based modeling Multi-resolution terrain Real-timevisualization and simulation

Psychosocial factors and their association with reflux oesophagitis,Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第11期19卷 1770-1777页

作者： Paul Denver Michael Donnelly Liam J murray Lesley A Anderson Centre for Public Health Queen's University BelfastBelfast BT12 6BJNorthern IrelandUnited Kingdom

AIM:To investigate the role of psychological characteristics as risk factors for oesophageal adenocarcinoma(OAC),as well as the reflux-mediated precursor ***:An all-Ireland population-based case-control study recruited 230 reflux oesophagitis(RO),224 Barrett's oesophagus(BO) and 227 OAC patients and 260 *** case/control group completed measures of stress,depression,self-efficacy,self-esteem,repression and social support.A comparative analysis was undertaken using polytomous logistic regression adjusted for potential ***:Compared to controls,OAC patients were almost half as likely to report high stress levels over their lifetime(P = 0.010,OR 0.51;95%CI:0.29-0.90)and 36% less likely to report having experienced depression(OR 0.64;95%CI:0.42-0.98).RO patients reported significantly higher stress than controls particularly during middle-and senior-years(P for trends < 0.001).RO patients were 37% less likely to report having been highly emotionally repressed(OR 0.63;95%CI:0.41-0.95).All case groups(OAC,RO and BO) were more likely than controls to report having had substantial amounts of social support(OR 2.84;95%CI:1.63-4.97;OR 1.97;95%CI:1.13-3.44 and OR 1.83;95%CI:1.03-3.24,respectively).CONCLUSION:The improved psychological profile of OAC patients may be explained by response *** role of psychological factors in the development of OAC requires further investigation.

关键词： Reflux oesophagitis Barrett’s oesophagus Oesophageal adenocarcinoma Adjustment Psychological Psychosocial factors

Impact of source tissue and ex vivo expansion on the characterization of goat mesenchymal stem cells

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 230-251页

作者： Nuradilla Mohamad-Fauzi Pablo J Ross Elizabeth A Maga James D murray Department of Animal Science University of California Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Malaya Department of Population Health and Reproduction University of California

Background： There is considerable interest in using goats as models for genetically engineering dairy animals and also for using stem cells as therapeutics for bone and cartilage repair. Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） have been isolated and characterized from various species, but are poorly characterized in goats. Results： Goat MSCs isolated from bone marrow （BM-MSCs） and adipose tissue （ASCs） have the ability to undergo osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Cytochemical staining and gene expression analysis show that ASCs have a greater capacity for adipogenic differentiation compared to BM-MSCs and fibroblasts. Different methods of inducing adipogenesis also affect the extent and profile of adipogenic differentiation in MSCs. Goat fibroblasts were not capable of osteogenesis, hence distinguishing them from the MSCs. Goat MSCs and fibroblasts express CD90, CD105, CD73 but not CD45, and exhibit cytoplasmic localization of OCT4 protein. Goat MSCs can be stably transfected by Nucleofection, but, as evidenced by colony-forming efficiency （CFE）, yield significantly different levels of progenitor cells that are robust enough to proliferate into colonies of integrants following G418 selection. BM-MSCs expanded over increasing passages in vitro maintained karyotypic stability up to 20 passages in culture, exhibited an increase in adipogenic differentiation and CFE, but showed altered morphology and amenability to genetic modification by selection. Conclusions： Our findings provide characterization information on goat MSCs, and show that there can be significant differences between MSCs isolated from different tissues and from within the same tissue. Fibroblasts do not exhibit trilineage differentiation potential at the same capacity as MSCs, making it a more reliable method for distinguishing MSCs from fibroblasts, compared to cell surface marker expression.

关键词： Adipose Bone marrow Characterization Differentiation Goat Mesenchymal stem cells