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Impact of direct and indirect heating systems in broiler units on environmental conditions and flock performance

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第11期15卷 2588-2595页

作者： Shaun smith joseph Meade James Gibbons Kevina Mc Gill Declan Bolton Paul Whyte UCD School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre Ashtown Dublin 15 Ireland

This study compared the impact of three indirect heating systems to direct gas flame heaters on a selection of flock performance and environmental indicators in commercial broiler units. No statistically significant differences（P≥0.05） were found in flock mortality rates, bird weight, water consumption, stress response, carbon dioxide, ammonia, temperature, relative humidity, litter quality, within-flock Campylobacter levels or mean Campylobacter counts when flock data from any of the three indirect heating systems were compared to flocks reared in houses with direct heating systems. Differences in litter quality were observed between upper and lower litter layers in all houses, regardless of heating type, which may have implications for bird health and welfare. Carbon dioxide concentrations in houses with direct heating systems were significantly higher than those in houses with indirect heating systems during the first 10 days of bird life（P≤0.05）. This was due to the increased use of heating systems during this period of the flock cycle. Differences in CO2 concentrations had no effect on flock performance, possibly due to the fact that concentrations did not exceed known safe levels. A statistically significant increase in stress response was observed in birds as a result of partial depopulation（thinning） within houses, irrespective of heating system type used（P≤0.05）. Stress associated with thinning may have consequences for bird welfare and food safety. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that indirect heating systems do not appear to negatively impact on flock performance, stress response, within-flock Campylobacter levels or mean Campylobacter counts and do not appear to significantly alter environmental conditions within broiler houses when compared to houses equipped with direct heating systems. Indirect systems are a viable alternative for heating broiler houses in terms of flock performance, bird welfare and food safety.

关键词： litter quality welfare stress poultry production campylobacter environmental conditions

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A systematic review of pre-hospital shoulder reduction techniques for anterior shoulder dislocation and the effect on patient return to function

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2020年第5期23卷 295-301页

作者： joseph T.Fennelly Lysander Gourbault Gregory Neal-smith Akhilesh Pradhan Venkat Gade Jonathan A.Baxter Trauma and Orthopaedics Stoke Mandeville HospitalAylesburyHP218ALUK Trauma and Orthopaedics Royal United HospitalBathBA13NGUK

Purpose:The majority of acute anterior shoulder dislocations are sustained during sports and wilderness *** management of acute dislocations in the pre-hospital setting is currently without guidelines based on the *** study aims to assess the risk of acute complications in pre-hospital shoulder reduction and identify which pre-hospital reduction technique has the highest success rate in the published ***:The involved databases were Allied and Complementary Medicine,CENTRAL,CINAHL,Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,Embase,Europe PMC,Ovid MEDLINE®,Pedro,Proquest,Trip,and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry *** original research of high methodological quality was included,which was defined by the recently developed assessment tooleassessing the methodological quality of published papers(AMQPP)and investigated the management of acute anterior shoulder dislocations in the pre-hospital ***:Two hundred and ninety-eight articles were identified and screened.A full text review was performed on 40 *** articles published between 2015 and 2018 met the inclusion criteria.A total of 181 patients were included with the study duration ranging from 6 to 60 *** studies reported zero immediate complication following pre-hospital reduction and there were no documented subsequent adverse events regardless of the technique *** resolution of neurological symptoms was observed following the early and successful pre-hospital *** attempt success rate,when performed by skilled practitioners,ranged from 72.3%to 94.9%.Conclusion:Pre-hospital shoulder reduction appears to be a safe and feasible option when carried out with the appropriate expertise.A novel reduction technique adapted from the mountain medicine diploma course at the University of Paris North was found to have the highest first attempt reduction success rate of 94.9%.Other techniques described in the lite

关键词： Should dislocation Pre-hospital reduction Success rate Imaging

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Molecular detection of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in stool vs biopsy samples

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第41期22卷 9214-9221页

作者： Denise E Brennan joseph Omorogbe Mary Hussey Donal Tighe Grainne Holleran Colm O'Morain Sinéad M smith Deirdre McNamara Department of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin

AIM To compare(1) demographics in urea breath test(UBT) vs endoscopy patients; and(2) the molecular detection of antibiotic resistance in stool vs biopsy *** Six hundred and sixteen adult patients undergoing endoscopy or a UBT were prospectively recruited to the study. The Geno Type Helico DR assay was used to detect Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) and antibiotic resistance using biopsy and/or stool samples from CLOpositive endoscopy patients and stool samples from UBT-positive patients. RESULTS Infection rates were significantly higher in patients referred for a UBT than endoscopy(overall rates: 33% vs 19%; treatment-na?ve patients: 33% vs 14.7%, respectively). H. pylori-infected UBT patients were younger than H. pylori-infected endoscopy patients(41.4 vs 48.4 years, respectively, P < 0.005), with a higher percentage of H. pylori-infected males in the endoscopy-compared to the UBT-cohort(52.6% vs 33.3%, P = 0.03). The Geno Type Helico DR assay was more accurate at detecting H. pylori infection using biopsy samples than stool samples [98.2%(n = 54/55) vs 80.3%(n =53/66), P < 0.005]. Subset analysis using stool and biopsy samples from CLO-positive endoscopy patients revealed a higher detection rate ofresistance-associated mutations using stool samples compared to biopsies. The concordance rates between stool and biopsy samples for the detection of H. pylori DNA, clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistance were just 85%, 53% and 35%, respectively. CONCLUSION Differences between endoscopy and UBT patients provide a rationale for non-invasive detection of H. pylori antibiotic resistance. However, the Geno Type Helico DR assay is an unsuitable approach.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori 抗菌素抵抗 Clarithromycin Fluoroquinolone 分子的方法

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FISH ASSEMBLAGE RESPONSES TO DIFFERENT SECONDARY CHANNEL DESIGNS IN THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER,U.S.A.:A TEMPLATE FOR RIVER RESTORATION

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水生生物学报 2018年第6期42卷 1089-1106页

作者： KAISER joseph E. smith Shannon C.F. SCHRAMM Jr.,HAROLD L. EGGLETON Michael A. Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff1200 N.UniversityMail Slot 4912Pine BluffArkansas 71601U.S.A U.S.Geological Survey Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitMississippi State University

The lower Mississippi River(LMR) has been heavily modified for multiple human purposes such as navigation, flood control, and bank stabilization. However, the LMR simultaneously supports a diverse fish fauna that includes recreational and commercial fisheries. Due to river training and diversion structures constructed during the past 80 years, the historic characteristics of the LMR have been drastically altered and have likely influenced fishes and fisheries in the system. One common restoration measure used throughout the LMR has been to "notch" wing-dike structures that close secondary(side) river channels. Dike notching allows year-round flows through secondary channels, which enhances habitat diversity and promotes biological productivity at the ecosystem scale. Although notching is presumed good for LMR fishes and other biota, few studies have examined its effects on fish assemblages. In this study, fish assemblages were sampled at seven LMR secondary channels spanning from river kilometer(rkm) 628(Louisiana-Mississippi, U.S.A.) upstream to rkm 1504(Missouri-Kentucky, U.S.A.). Four secondary channels were termed "permanent"(i.e.,with notched dikes) while three secondary channels were termed "temporary"(i.e., without notched dikes).Fishes were sampled by boat-mounted electrofishing conducted during falling and low stages from1995—1997. Fish assemblages differed between permanent and temporary secondary channels, and varied somewhat between falling and low stages. Gizzard shad(Dorosoma cepedianum), threadfin shad(D. petenense), and white bass(Morone chrysops) demonstrated consistent preferences for low-current conditions associated with temporary secondary channels. Conversely, blue catfish(Ictalurus furcatus), flathead catfish(Pylodictis olivaris), and freshwater drum(Aplodinotus grunniens) were more associated with permanent secondary channels. Future restoration strategies in the LMR should consider dike notching and resultant maintenance of permanent seconda

关键词： Mississippi River Secondary channels Dikes Fish assemblages River restoration River rehabilitation

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Effects of omega-3 supplementation on components of the endocannabinoid system and metabolic and inflammatory responses in adipose and liver of peripartum dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第1期14卷 378-389页

作者： Gitit Kra Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam Uzi Moallem Hadar Kamer Radka Kočvarova Alina Nemirovski GAndres Contreras joseph Tam Maya Zachut Department of Ruminant Science Institute of Animal SciencesARO Volcani InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael. Department of Animal Science The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael. Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory The Institute for Drug ResearchSchool of PharmacyFaculty of MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael. Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA.

Background:Dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the activation of the endocannabinoid system(ECS)by decreasing the availability of arachidonic acid,thus lowering endocannabinoids(e CBs)*** ECS is a modulator of energy metabolism,stress response and inflammation in mammals,yet there is little information on the roles of the ECS in transition dairy *** the periparturient period,the adipose tissue and liver are the main metabolic organs that participate in the adaptations of dairy cows to onset of lactation;however,exceeded adipose tissue lipolysis and accumulation of lipids in the liver have adverse effects on cows'*** we aimed to examine whether omega-3 supplementation during the transition period will modulate ECS activation and affect metabolic and inflammatory indices in postpartum dairy cows,by supplementing twenty-eight transition Holstein dairy cows with either saturated fat(CTL)or encapsulated flaxseed oil(FLX).Components of the ECS,metabolic and inflammatory markers were measured in blood,liver,and subcutaneous adipose ***:FLX supplementation reduced feed intake by 8.1%(P<0.01)and reduced plasma levels of arachidonic acid(by 44.2%;P=0.02)and anandamide(by 49.7%;P=0.03)postpartum compared to *** m RNA transcription levels of the cannabinoid receptor 1(CNR1/CB1)tended to be lower(2.5 folds)in white blood cells of FLX than in CTL(P=0.10),and protein abundance of ECS enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase was higher in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of FLX than in CTL(P=0.04).In adipose tissue,palmitoylethanolamide levels were lower in FLX than in CTL(by 61.5%;P=0.02),relative m RNA transcription of lipogenic genes were higher,and the protein abundance of cannabinoid receptor 2(P=0.08)and monoacylglycerol lipase(P=0.10)tended to be higher in FLX compared to *** 2-arachidonoylglycerol tended to be higher(by 73.1%;P=0.07),and interlukin-6 m RNA transcription level was 1.5 folds lower in liver of FLX

关键词： Adipose Dairy cows Endocannabinoid system Liver Omega-3

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Handgrip strength and health outcomes: Umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第3期10卷 290-295页

作者： Pinar Soysal Christopher Hurst Jacopo Demurtas joseph Firth Reuben Howden Lin Yang Mark A.Tully Ai Koyanagi Petre Cristian Ilie Guillermo F.Lopez-Sanchez Lukas Schwingshackl Nicola Veronese Lee smith Department of Geriatric Medicine Bezmialem Vakif UniversityIstanbul 34093Turkey Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE17RUUK Primary Care Department Azienda Usl Toscana Sud EstGrosseto 52100Italy Division of Psychology and Mental Health University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK College of Health&Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteLong BeachCA 90815USA Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Alberta Health ServicesHoly Cross CentreAlbertaT5J 3E4Canada School of Health Sciences Institute of Mental Health SciencesUlster UniversityNewtownabbey BT151EDUK Research and Development Unit Sant Joan de Deu Health ParkCIBER of Mental Health(CIBERSAM)Barcelona 08003Spain ICREA Pg.Lluis Companys 23Barcelona 08010Spain The Queen Elizabeth Hospital King’s Lynn NHS Foundation Trust King’s Lynn PE304ETUK Faculty of Sport Sciences University of MurciaMurcia 30100Spain Institute for Evidence in Medicine Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg 79085Germany Neuroscience Institute Aging BranchNational Research CouncilPadua 35122Italy The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences Anglia Ruskin UniversityCambridge CB11PTUK

Purpose:The aim of the present study was to assess both the credibility and strength of evidence arising from systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies on handgrip strength and health ***:An umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies was *** assessed meta-analyses of observational studies based on random-effect summary effect sizes and their p values,95%prediction intervals,heterogeneity,small-study effects,and excess *** graded the evidence from convincing(Class I)to weak(Class IV).Results:From 504 articles returned in a search of the literature,8 systematic reviews were included in our review,with a total of 11 ***,nine of the 11 of the outcomes reported nominally significant summary results(p<0.05),with 4 associations surviving the application of the more stringent p value(p<106).No outcome presented convincing *** associations showed Class II evidence(i.e.,highly suggestive):(1)higher handgrip values at baseline were associated with a minor reduction in mortality risk in the general population(n=34 studies;sample size=1,855,817;relative risk=0.72,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.670.78),(2)cardiovascular death risk in mixed populations(n=15 studies;relative risk=0.84,95%CI:0.780.91),and(3)incidence of disability(n=7 studies;relative risk=0.76,95%CI:0.660.87).Conclusion:The present results show that handgrip strength is a useful indicator for general health status and specifically for early all-cause and cardiovascular mortality,as well as *** further inform intervention strategies,future research is now required to fully understand mechanisms linking handgrip strength scores to these health outcomes.

关键词： Handgrip strength Health outcomes Meta-analysis Umbrella review

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Transcriptomic Profiling of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium over Time

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2021年第2期19卷 223-242页

作者： Grace E.Lidgerwood Anne Senabouth Casey J.A.smith-Anttila Vikkitharan Gnanasambandapillai Dominik C.Kaczorowski Daniela Amann-Zalcenstein Erica L.Fletcher Shalin H.Naik Alex W.Hewitt joseph E.Powell Alice Pebay Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia Department of Surgery The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalEast MelbourneVIC 3002Australia Garvan Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchThe Kinghorn Cancer CentreDarlinghurstNSW 2010Australia Single Cell Open Research Endeavour The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVIC 3052Australia Immunology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVIC 3052Australia Department of Medical Biology The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia School of Medicine Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTAS 7005Australia UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

Human pluripotent stem cell(h PSC)-derived progenies are immature versions of cells,presenting a potential limitation to the accurate modelling of diseases associated with maturity or ***,it is important to characterise how closely cells used in culture resemble their native *** order to select appropriate time points of retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cultures that reflect native counterparts,we characterised the transcriptomic profiles of the h PSC-derived RPE cells from 1-and 12-month *** differentiated the human embryonic stem cell line H9 into RPE cells,performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of a total of 16,576 cells to assess themolecular changes of the RPE cells across these two culture time *** results indicate the stability of the RPE transcriptomic signature,with no evidence of an epithelial–mesenchymal transition,and with the maturing populations of the RPE observed with time in *** of Gene Ontology pathways revealed that as the cultures age,RPE cells upregulate expression of genes involved in metal binding and antioxidant *** might reflect an increased ability to handle oxidative stress as cells *** with native human RPE data confirms a maturing transcriptional profile of RPE cells in *** results suggest that long-term in vitro culture of RPE cells allows the modelling of specific phenotypes observed in native mature *** work highlights the transcriptional landscape of h PSC-derived RPE cells as they age in culture,which provides a reference for native and patient samples to be benchmarked against.

关键词： Human embryonic stem cell Human pluripotent stem cell Retinal pigment epithelium Single-cell RNA sequencing Ageing

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Intervertebral disc development and disease-related genetic polymorphisms

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Genes & Diseases 2016年第3期3卷 171-177页

作者： Jason W.Ashley Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto Lachlan J.smith Robert L.Mauck Danny Chan joseph Lee Martin F.Heyworth Howard An Yejia Zhang Department of Orthopedic Surgery Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaUSA Department of Surgery Division of Orthopaedic SurgeryChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong KongHong Kong Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA Corporal Michael J.Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center PhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Medicine Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaUSA Department of Orthopedic Surgery Rush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA Department of Physical Medicine&Rehabilitation Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaUSA

The intervertebral disc(IVD)comprises a gelatinous inner core(nucleus pulposus;NP)and concentric rings(annulus fibrosus;AF).The NP,an important structure for shock absorption in the vertebrate spinal motion segment,can be traced back to the notochord in ontogenetic *** vertebrates,the notochord undergoes mucinoid changes,and had been considered vestigial until ***,observed correlations between IVD degeneration and back pain in humans have renewed interest in the IVD in biomedical *** its mechanical contribution to development,the notochord is also an essential signaling center,which coordinates formation of the neural tube and *** pertinent signaling molecules,particularly TGF-b and bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs),continue to play roles in the adult tissues and have been utilized for tissue *** factors are major determinants of who will develop IVD degeneration and related back pain,and seem to correlate better with disc degeneration and back pain than do external forces on the *** summary,the spinal column is a landmark development in *** directing the development of the IVD may also contribute to its maintenance,degeneration,and ***,structural genes as well as genes responsible for maintenance of the structure are related to IVD ***,genes responsible for inflammation may play a dual role in exacerbating degeneration or facilitating repair responses depending on the context.

关键词： Back pain Development Intervertebral disc(IVD) Notochord Regeneration

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Age as a predictor of clinical outcomes and determinant of therapeutic measures for emergency medical services treated cardiogenic shock

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2023年第1期20卷 1-10页

作者： Xiaoman Xiao Jason E Bloom Emily Andrew Luke P Dawson Ziad Nehme Michael Stephenson David Anderson Himawan Fernando Samer Noaman Shelley Cox William Chan David M Kaye Karen smith Dion Stub Department of Cardiology Alfred Health55 Commercial RoadMelbourneAustralia Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute 75 Commercial RoadMelbourneAustralia Department of Cardiology Western HealthFurlong RoadSt AlbansAustralia Ambulance Victoria 31 Joseph StreetBlackburnAustralia School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University553 St Kilda RoadMelbourneAustralia Department of Paramedicine Monash UniversityMcMahons RoadFrankstonAustralia

BACKGROUND The impact of age on outcomes in cardiogenic shock(CS)is poorly described in the pre-hospital *** assessed the impact of age on outcomes of patients treated by emergency medical services(EMS).METHODS This population-based cohort study included consecutive adult patients with CS transported to hospital by *** linked patients were stratified into tertiles by age(18-63,64-77,and>77 years).Predictors of 30-day mortality were assessed through regression *** primary outcome was 30-day all-cause *** A total of 3523 patients with CS were successfully linked to state health *** average age was 68±16 years and 1398(40%)were *** patients were more likely to have comorbidities including pre-existing coronary artery disease,hypertension,dyslipidemia,diabetes mellitus,and cerebrovascular *** incidence of CS was significantly greater with increasing age(incidence rate per 100,000 person years 6.47[95%CI:6.1-6.8]in age 18-63 years,34.34[32.4-36.4]in age 64-77 years,74.87[70.6-79.3]in age>77 years,P77 years had increased risk of 30-day mortality(adjusted hazard ratio=2.26[95%CI:1.96-2.60]).Older patients were less likely to receive inpatient coronary *** Older patients with EMS-treated CS have significantly higher rates of short-term *** reduced rates of invasive interventions in older patients underscore the need for further development of systems of care to improve outcomes for this patient group.

关键词： assessed services shock

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Body Weight and Steroidal Implants Impact Animal Growth Performance, Sera Metabolites, and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in Feedlot Cattle

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第3期10卷 414-430页

作者： Tyler A. Vogel joseph M. Neary Zachary K. smith Bradley J. Johnson Department of Animal and Food Science Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA Department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA

The study objective was to evaluate steer growth performance, sera metabolite responses, carcass characteristics, and pulmonary arterial pressure as affected by body weight at time of implantation and steroidal implant administration. Crossbred steers (n = 20) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design experiment, Factors included: body weight: light (L), or heavy (H) and implant: Non-implanted (NoIMP), or Implanted (IMP) with steer serving as the experimental unit for all analyses. Initial weights for L and H steers were 398 ± 27.6 and 547 ± 25.2 kg, respectively. Implanted steers received a terminal implant (200 mg trenbolone acetate and 20 mg estradiol-17β;Revalor-200;Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ) on d 0. Cattle within treatments were group housed in common pens (n = 5 steers/pen). Bodyweight, blood samples, and pulmonary arterial pressure were collected on d 0, 14, 35, 70 and 104. Cattle were fed a common diet once daily to provide ad libitum access to feed. The finishing diet contained (DM basis) 13.3% CP, 2.13 Mcal/kg NEm, and 1.45 Mcal/kg NEg. Growth performance (body weight and ADG) and carcass traits were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Sera metabolites were analyzed as repeated measures over time, with day as the repeated measure. For all analyses, α level 0.05) in ADG were observed in NoIMP vs. IMP cattle beyond d 70 (1.21 vs. 1.01 ± 0.16 kg;P = 0.38). Sera urea-N concentrations were decreased (P < 0.01) in L cattle subjected to IMP during the study and tended to increase over time for the other treatments. Ribfat, HCW,

关键词： Cattle Estradiol Pulmonary Pressure Trenbolone

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