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Comparative Efficacies of Next-Generation Insecticides Against Yellow Stem Borer and Their Effects on Natural Enemies in rice Ecosystem

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rice science 2019年第3期26卷 157-166页

作者： Muhammad Matiar RAHAMAN Michael joseph STOUT Department of Agriculture Pakutia College Department of Entomology Louisiana State University

The efficacies of some next-generation insecticides against the rice yellow stem borer(YSB),Scirpophaga incertulas(Walk.), and their compatibilities with natural enemies were investigated during 2014 and 2015. Three newer insecticides, chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G, dinotefuran 20% SG, and methoxyfenozide 24% SC, and two commonly used insecticides, carbufuran 5 G and quinalphos 25 EC,were evaluated in the field for their efficacies against YSB and their non-target effects on natural *** of chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G at 10.96 kg/hm^2 resulted in the greatest reduction in YSB infestation(deadhearts and whiteheads) and greatest increase of yield compared to the untreated control plots, followed by methoxyfenozide 24% SC at 0.41 L/hm^2, dinotefuran 20% SG at 0.15 kg/hm^2,carbufuran 5 G at 10.96 kg/hm^2, and quinalphos 25 EC at 1.50 L/hm^2. All the insecticides reduced the numbers of predators viz., lady bird beetles, wolf spiders, carabid beetles, earwigs, green mirid bugs, and damselflies. Numbers of adults of the egg parasitoids Trichogramma sp., Telenomus sp. and Tetrastichus sp. were significantly reduced in insecticide-treated plots compared to untreated control plots. In all field trials, the harmful effects of the five insecticides were in the following rank order(least harmful to most harmful): chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G, carbufuran 5 G, dinotefuran 20% SG, methoxyfenozide 24% SC,and quinalphos 25 EC. On the basis of reduction in YSB infestation, increase in grain yield, and compatibility with natural enemies, chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G was proved to be the best of all the insecticides for YSB management system, although the study suggested minimizing its retail price for enhancement of cost effectiveness in farmers' fields.

关键词： insecticide yellow stem borer natural enemy chlorantraniliprole rice yield

Physiological Mechanism of Salicylic Acid for Alleviation of Salt Stress in rice

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rice science 2017年第2期24卷 97-108页

作者： D.JINI B.joseph Department of Biotechnology Manonmaniam Sundaranar UniversityTirunelveli 627012Tamil NaduIndia Dean Centre for Research and ConsultancyHindustan University/Institute of Technology and SciencePadurKelambakkamChennai 603103Tamil NaduIndia

Soil salinity is one of the most important problems of crop production in estuarine and coastal zones. Improvement in salt tolerance of major food crops is an important way for the economic utilization of coastal zones. This study proved that the application of salicylic acid(SA) improved the growth and yield under salt stress conditions and investigated its physiological mechanisms for salt tolerance. The investigation on the effect of SA for salt tolerance during germination showed that the decreased rates of germination and growth(in terms of shoot and root lengths) by the salt stress were significantly increased by the SA application(SA + NaCl). The treatment of SA to the high and low saline soils enhanced the growth, yield and nutrient values of rice. The effects of SA on Na^+, K^+ and Cl~– ionic accumulation were traced under salt stress condition by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and ion chromatography. It was revealed that the increased accumulation of Na^+ and Clˉ ions by the salt stress were reduced by SA application. An increased concentration of endogenous SA level was detected from the SA-treated rice varieties(ASD16 and BR26) by liquid chromatography electrospray Ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase were increased by salt stress whereas decreased by the SA application. The study proved that the application of SA could alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress by the regulation of physiological mechanism in rice plants. In spite of salt stress, it can be applied to the coastal and estuarine regions to increase the rice production.

关键词： salicylic acid salt tolerance Oryza sativa NaCl germination physiology

数字与机械电位计:使系统性能最优化的设计考虑因素

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中国集成电路 2015年第6期24卷 56-58页

作者： joseph Creech David rice ADI公司

电位计可用于通过改变设备电阻调整电压或电流.然后,当与其他元件（如运算放大器）配合使用时,此调整可用于设置不同的电平或增益.使用如数字电位计这样的可变元件,设计师可以设计出灵活且有多种功能的系统.例如,在运算放大器中,用数字... 详细信息

电位计可用于通过改变设备电阻调整电压或电流.然后,当与其他元件（如运算放大器）配合使用时,此调整可用于设置不同的电平或增益.使用如数字电位计这样的可变元件,设计师可以设计出灵活且有多种功能的系统.例如,在运算放大器中,用数字电位计作为反馈电阻,可以使运算放大器的增益根据输入信号的幅度而改变.这样,设计师就可以减少元件数量（如多个运算放大器）,最大程度地增加系统可以支持的输入信号类型,同时减小PCB尺寸.数字电位计可以以很小的尺寸提供很多的功能.

关键词：数字电位计设计师系统最优化运算放大器性能机械调整电压

Genomic resources for the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens： Transcriptome pyrosequencing and microarray design

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Insect Science 2012年第1期19卷 1-12页

作者： Chris Bass Martin Bay Hebsgaard joseph Hughes Centre for Sustainable Pest and Disease Management Rothamsted Research Harpenden University of Edinburgh Institute of Evolutionary Biology Kings Buildings Edinburgh Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens is a pest of cultivated rice through- out Asia and is controlled using insecticides and/or resistant rice varieties. This species has developed resistance to many classes of insecticide and biotypes have developed that are vir- ulent against formerly resistant rice cultivars. Insects use a suite of detoxification enzymes, including cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases and carboxyl/cholinesterases to defend themselves against plant secondary metabolites and pesticides. Pyrosequencing on the Roche 454-FLX platform was used to produce a substantial expressed sequence tag （EST） dataset to complement the existing Sanger sequenced ESTs in GenBank. A total of 78 959 reads were combined with the 37 392 publically available Sanger ESTs; these assembled into 8 911 contigs and 10 620 singletons. Analysis of the distribution of tenta- tive unique genes （TUGs） with the gene ontology for biological processes and molecular functions suggests that the 454 and Sanger EST assembly is broadly representative of the N. lugens transcriptome. The brown planthopper transcriptome was found to contain 31 TUGs encoding P450s, nine encoding glutathione S-transferases and 26 encoding car- boxyl/cholinesterases and many of these are putatively involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics. The Agilent eArray platform was used to construct an oligonucleotide mi- croarray populated with probes for ~ 19 000 unigene sequences, including all those known to encode detoxification enzymes. The genomic resources developed in this study will be useful to the community studying this crop pest and will help elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying insecticide resistance and planthopper adaptation to resistant rice cultivars.

关键词： brown planthopper detoxification enzymes insecticide resistance Nilaparvata lugens transcriptome sequencing

Effects of stable aqueous fullerene nanocrystal (nC_(60)) on Daphnia magna:Evaluation of hop frequency and accumulations under different conditions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第2期23卷 322-329页

作者： Xianji Yao Yiliang He Bo Zhang Yongsheng Chen joseph B. Hughes School of Environmental Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332 USA College of Fisheries and Life Science Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 China

We investigated the effects of environmental factors and properties of water-stable crystal fullerene （nC60） on the uptake of nC60 by Daphnia magna based on known accumulation in our laboratory. This study was performed for seven days using different environmental factors including temperature, pH, water hardness, concentration （density of particle）, and particle size. Results demonstrated that body burden of C60 increased with time in all experiments. Body burden of C60 increased with increasing concentration and particle size, and uptake of particles 〉100 nm reached their maximums more quickly than those 〈100 nm. Under high hardness in aqueous systems with lower pH and high temperature, uptake was higher than those under opposite conditions. Uptake in all batch tests reached balance within five days. Both nC60 properties and environmental factors influenced uptake of nC60 by D. magna in an aqueous system. Additionally, environmental factors may have affected accumulation by changing nC60 properties, which are critical to understand the accumulation of fullerenes in aqueous systems.

关键词： C60 fullerene Daphnia magna uptake bioaccumulation

Unleashing strategies to mitigate methane emissions in rice fields and livestock systems

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Molecular Plant 2024年第12期17卷 1787-1790页

作者： Ezhilmathi Angela joseph Fernando Michael Selvaraj Jacobo Arango The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Km 17 Recta Cali-PalmiraApartado Aereo 6713763537 CaliColombia

The intense heatwaves of 2023 and 2024 underscored the serious health,food security,and well-being risks posed by extreme heat,emphasizing the urgent need to curb greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,especially methane(CH_(4)),which is 28 times more potent than carbon dioxide and primarily emitted through agriculture,fossil fuels,and waste(*** Protection Agency,2024).Cattle alone contribute approximately 231 billion pounds of CH_(4)annually,and rice cultivation is expected to increase by 9.9 billion tonnes by 2050(*** Protection Agency,2020).To effectively address this challenge,it is essential to balance microbial processes involved in CH_(4)production with sustainable agricultural practices—such as cultivating low-emission rice varieties,leveraging methanotrophs,and adopting efficient,low-methane livestock diets—as highlighted by the American Academy of Microbiology’s Microbes&Climate Change colloquium(2022).Achieving the COP28 Global CH_(4)Pledge’s 30%reduction goal by 2030 necessitates prioritizing these strategies.

关键词： methane annually livestock

孤独症诊断的金标准之一《孤独症诊断观察量表》介绍

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国际精神病学杂志 2010年第1期37卷 38-40页

作者：汤宜朗郭延庆 CatherineE.rice 王玉凤 joseph F.Cubells 北京安定医院北京100088 北京大学第6医院

本文介绍了"孤独症诊断观察量表"的应用及评估范围,4个模块的简要应用情况以及应用时的注意事项。

关键词：孤独症诊断金标准

Cu(II) Benzoylpyridine Thiosemicarbazone Complexes: Inhibition of Human Topoisomerase IIα and Activity against Breast Cancer Cells

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Open Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2016年第2期6卷 146-154页

作者： Jennifer D. Conner Wathsala Medawala Madison T. Stephens William H. Morris joseph E. Deweese Patrick L. Kent Jeffery J. rice Xiaohua Jiang Edward C. Lisic Department of Chemistry Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Lipscomb University Nashville TN USA Department of Biochemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Department of Chemical Engineering Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN USA

The focus of this research is on the study of a series of copper (II) benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazone complexes. Of the six benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazone ligands used in this study, two are reported for the first time;2-benzoylpyridine tert-butyl thiosemicarbazone (BZP-tBTSC), and 2-benzoylpyridine benzyl thiosemicarbazone (BZP-BzTSC). Once characterized by NMR, melting point, and MS, these mono-anionic tridentate ligands were then reacted with Cu2+ to form the new square planar metal complexes [Cu(BZP-tBTSC)Cl] and [Cu(BZP-BzTSC)Cl]. All of the copper complexes display marked inhibition of human topoisomerase IIα. The [Cu(BZP-tBTSC)Cl] complex shows marked activity against human breast cancer cell lines.

关键词： Topoisomerase IIα Alpha-(N)-Heterocyclic Thiosemicarbazones Breast Cancer Cells

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What＇s for Lunch？

空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2018年第10期 16-18,51,52页

作者： joseph Calpin