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The challenges of sequestering terrestrial carbon

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National Science Review 2022年第8期 9-10页

作者： josep pe?uelas Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications(CREAF) Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB Spanish National Research Council(CSIC)

Nature may become a powerful ally in tackling climate *** is growing that ‘nature-based climatic solutions’(Nb CS) can help us to transition toward a society with zero net emissions and thus protect us from climate change and its consequent impacts while supporting biodiversity and securing ecosystem services. The actual potential of Nb CS to provide the intended benefits, however, has not been rigorously assessed.

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Super pathogens from environmental biotechnologies threaten global health

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National Science Review 2021年第9期8卷 20-22页

作者： Yong Xiao Feng Zhao josep pe?uelas Qiansheng Huang Yong-Guan Zhu CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB CREAF Autonomous University of Barcelona CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Microbial pathogens are viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa infecting humans,animals or plants. Super pathogens (also known as superbugs) able to resist multiple antimicrobials and cause fatal infections have been increasingly considered an emerging threat to global health [1].The COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 3.8 million deaths as of 15 June2021, reminding us that we should always be alert to the next pandemic caused by super pathogens. We know little, however, about the origin and transmission of super pathogens in the *** the various potential sources of super pathogens, special attention should be paid to environmental biotechnologies (EBTs) for treating wastewater.

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A Broadband Green-Red Vegetation Index for Monitoring Gross Primary Production Phenology

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Journal of Remote Sensing 2022年第1期2022卷 258-267页

作者： Gaofei Yin Aleixandre Verger AdriàDescals Iolanda Filella josep peñuelas Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès08193 CataloniaSpain CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterra 08193 CataloniaSpain Desertification Research Centre CIDE-CSIC València 46113Spain

The chlorophyll/carotenoid index(CCI)is increasingly used for remotely tracking the phenology of ***,CCI is restricted to few satellites incorporating the 531nm *** study reveals that the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)broadband green reflectance(band 4)is significantly correlated with this xanthophyll-sensitive narrowband(band 11)(R^(2)=0:98,pperformed similarly in extracting phenological metrics of the dates of the start and end of the season(EOS)when evaluated with gross primary production(GPP)measurements from eddy covariance *** EOS extraction of evergreen needleleaf forest,GRVI even overperformed solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence which is seen as a direct proxy of plant *** study opens the door for GPP and photosynthetic phenology monitoring from a wide set of sensors with broadbands in the green and red spectral regions.

关键词： needle forest restricted

Environment-driven intraspecific variation shows coordination of functional traits of deciduous oaks among and within different biological levels

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第6期35卷 95-109页

作者： Yutong Lin Yuan Lai Songbo Tang Jeannine Cavender-Bares josep peñuelas Jordi Sardans Jianfeng Liu Lingling Zhang Yuanwen Kuang Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650People’s Republic of China Yulin Normal University Yulin 537000People’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049People’s Republic of China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650People’s Republic of China Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB08193 BellaterraBarcelonaCataloniaSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès08193 BarcelonaCataloniaSpain Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091People’s Republic of China

Deciduous oaks(Quercus spp.)are distributed from subalpine to tropical regions in the northern hemi-sphere and have important roles as carbon sinks and in climate change *** variations in plant functional traits at multiple biological levels and linking them to environmental variables across geographical ranges is important for forecasting range-shifts of broadly-distrib-uted species under climate *** sampled leaves of five deciduous Quercus *** approximately 20°of latitude(~21°N-41°N)and 20 longitude(~99°E-119°E)across China and measured 12 plant functional traits at different biological *** traits varied distinctively,either within each biological level or among different levels driven by climatic and edaphic *** at the organ level were significantly correlated with those at the cellular and tissue levels,while traits at the whole-plant level only correlated with those at the tissue *** Quercus species responded to changing environments by regulating stomatal size,leaf thickness and the palisade mesophyll thickness to leaf thickness ratios with contrasting degree of effect to adjust the whole-plant functioning,i.e.,intrinsic water use efficiency(iWUE),carbon supply and nitrogen *** results suggest that these deciduous Quercus *** maintain vigour by increasing iWUE when subjected to large temperature changes and insufficient moisture,and by accu-mulating leaf non-structural carbohydrates under drought *** findings provide new insights into the inher-ent variation and trait coordination of widely distributed tree species in the context of climate change.

关键词： Climate gradient Intraspecific variation Plant functional traits Deciduous Quercus species Whole-plant function

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Ecological stoichiometric comparison of plant-litter-soil system in mixed-species and monoculture plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia,Amygdalus davidiana,and Armeniaca sibirica in the Loess Hilly Region of China

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第3期10卷 411-424页

作者： Senbao Lu Yunming Chen Jordi Sardans josep penuelas State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling712100China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterra08193CataloniaSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del Vall�es08193CataloniaSpain

We examined how afforestation patterns impact carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)stoichiometry in the plant-litter-soil *** leaf,branch,stem,and root,litter,and soil samples were collected from mixedspecies plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia with Amygdalus davidiana(RPAD),*** with Armeniaca sibirica(RPAS),and monocultures of ***(RP),***(AD),and ***(AS)in the Loess Hilly *** results showed that in mixed-species plantations,*** had lower leaf N and P concentrations than in monocultures,while both *** and *** had higher leaf N and P *** P limited tree growth in both afforestation *** *** with *** or *** reduced N-limitation during litter *** soil total N and P concentrations were higher in RPAS than in RPAD,and both were higher than the corresponding *** average soil C:N ratio was the smallest in RPAS,while the average soil C:P ratio was larger in RPAS than in RP.A positive correlation between N and P concentrations,and between C:N and C:P ratios,was found in litter and all plant organs of mono-and ***,for N concentration and C:N ratio,the correlations between plant(i.e.,leaf,branch,root)and litter and between plant and soil were inverse between plantation *** has an increased litter decomposition rate to release N and P,while RPAS has a faster rate of soil N *** was the best plantation(mixed)to improve biogeochemical cycling,as soil nutrient restrictions,particularly for P-limitation,on trees growth were *** study thus provides insights into suitable tree selection and management by revealing C:N:P stoichiometry in the plant-litter-soil system under different afforestation patterns.

关键词： Stoichiometry Plant Litter Soil Tree mixture Loess Plateau

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Contribution of periphytic biofilm of paddy soils to carbon dioxide fixation and methane emissions

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The Innovation 2022年第1期3卷 54-61页

作者： Sichu Wang pengfei Sun Guangbin Zhang Neil Gray Jan Dolfing Sofia Esquivel-Elizondo josep peñuelas Yonghong Wu State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences71 East Beijing RoadNanjing 210008China Zigui Three Gorges Reservoir Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of ChinaShuitianba ZiguiYichang 443605China College of Advanced Agricultural Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.19(A)Yuquan RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE17RUUK Faculty of Energy and Environment Northumbria UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE18QHUK Department of Microbiome Science Max Planck Institute for Developmental BiologyMax-Planck-Ring 572076 TüubingenGermany Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC) Global Ecology UnitCentre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications(CREAF)-CSIC-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona(UAB)Bellaterra08193 BarcelonaCataloniaSpain

Rice paddies are major contributors to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions via methane(CH_(4))*** accurate quantification of CH_(4)emissions from rice paddies remains problematic,in part due to uncertainties and omissions in the contribution of microbial aggregates on the soil surface to carbon ***,we comprehensively evaluated the contribution of one form of microbial aggregates,periphytic biofilm(PB),to carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and CH_(4)emissions from paddies distributed across three climatic zones,and quantified the pathways that drive net CH_(4)production as well as CO_(2)*** found that PB accounted for 7.1%-38.5%of CH_(4)emissions and 7.2%-12.7%of CO_(2)fixation in the rice *** their growth phase,PB fixed CO_(2)and increased the redox potential,which promoted aerobic CH_(4)*** the decay phase,PB degradation reduced redox potential and increased soil organic carbon availability,which promoted methanogenic microbial community growth and metabolism and increased CH_(4)***,PB acted as a biotic converter of atmospheric CO_(2)to CH_(4),and aggravated carbon emissions by up to 2,318 kg CO_(2)equiv ha^(-1)season^(-1).Our results provide proof-of-concept evidence for the discrimination of the contributions of surface microbial aggregates(i.e.,PB)from soil microbes,and a profound foundation for the estimation and simulation of carbon fluxes in a potential novel approach to the mitigation of CH_(4)emissions by manipulating PB growth.

关键词： soil paddy dioxide

Interspecific interactions affect N and P uptake rather than N:P ratios of plant species:evidence from intercropping

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2022年第2期15卷 223-236页

作者： Wei-Ping Zhang Dario Fornara Guang-Cai Liu josep peñuelas Jordi Sardans Jian-Hao Sun Li-Zhen Zhang Long Li Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming Key Laboratory of Plant and Soil InteractionsMinistry of EducationDepartment of Ecology and Ecological EngineeringCollege of Resource and Environmental ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Sustainable Agri-Food Science Division Agri-Food&Biosciences InstituteBT95PX BelfastUK CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB08913 BellaterraCataloniaSpain CREAF 08913 Cerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water-Saving AgricultureGansu Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou 730070China Gansu Agro-technology Extension Station Lanzhou 730020China

Quantifying stoichiometry of crop N and P acquisition(*** from farmland)under different agronomic practices is essential for understanding nutrient budgets and optimizing N and P fertilizer application in *** is not clear how plant N and P uptake and N:P stoichiometry vary between monoculture and intercropping throughout an entire growing season under different N fertilization and mulching ***,we addressed how plant interspecific competition for nutrients have affected the temporal dynamics of crop N and P uptake(and N:P ratios)in five cropping systems(wheat,maize and barley monocultures,and wheat/maize and barley/maize intercropping),under two N levels(0 and 225 kg N ha^(−1))and two maize mulching treatments(with and without).Wheat and barley had greater N and P competitive ability than maize,leading to an increase in N and P uptake of wheat and barley and a decrease in N and P uptake of maize during co-growth stages in intercropping.N:P ratios of three crop species decreased with plant ***-level N:P ratios were either not affected by intercropping or did not change consistently with N fertilization while film mulching decreased maize N:P ***-level N:P ratios of the two intercrops were different from those of the corresponding monoculture at ***(i)the proportion of N and P removal from intercropping differs from monocultures,and(ii)N and P uptake by crops is decoupled under N fertilization and mulching,these findings may have practical implications for the nutrient budget of intercropping systems.

关键词： ecological stoichiometry growth-rate hypothesis intercropping system interspecific competition nitrogen addition nutrient budget plastic film mulch

Nitrogen addition delays the emergence of an aridity-induced threshold for plant biomass

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National Science Review 2023年第11期10卷 148-159页

作者： Hailing Li César Terrer Miguel Berdugo Fernando T.Maestre Zaichun Zhu josep pe?uelas Kailiang Yu Lin Luo Jie-Yu Gong Jian-Sheng Ye State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio“Ramón Margalef ”Universidad de Alicante Institut de Biologia Evolutiva(CSIC-UPF) Departamento de Ecología Universidad de Alicante School of Urban Planning and Design Peking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking University CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès High Meadows Environmental Institute Princeton University

Crossing certain aridity thresholds in global drylands can lead to abrupt decays of ecosystem attributes such as plant productivity, potentially causing land degradation and desertification. It is largely unknown,however, whether these thresholds can be altered by other key global change drivers known to affect the water-use efficiency and productivity of vegetation, such as elevated CO2and nitrogen(N). Using >5000 empirical measurements of plant biomass, we showed that crossing an aridity(1–precipitation/potential evapotranspiration) threshold of ～0.50, which marks the transition from dry sub-humid to semi-arid climates, led to abrupt declines in aboveground biomass(AGB) and progressive increases in root:shoot ratios, thus importantly affecting carbon stocks and their distribution. N addition significantly increased AGB and delayed the emergence of its aridity threshold from 0.49 to 0.55(P < 0.05). By coupling remote sensing estimates of leaf area index with simulations from multiple models, we found that CO2enrichment did not alter the observed aridity threshold. By 2100, and under the RCP 8.5 scenario, we forecast a 0.3% net increase in the global land area exceeding the aridity threshold detected under a scenario that includes N deposition, in comparison to a 2.9% net increase if the N effect is not considered. Our study thus indicates that N addition could mitigate to a great extent the negative impact of increasing aridity on plant biomass in drylands. These findings are critical for improving forecasts of abrupt vegetation changes in response to ongoing global environmental change.

关键词： aboveground biomass root:shoot ratios elevated CO2 nitrogen fertilization ecosystem threshold

Warming-induced phenological mismatch between trees and shrubs explains high-elevation forest expansion

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National Science Review 2023年第10期10卷 62-71页

作者： Xiaoxia Li Eryuan Liang J.Julio Camarero Sergio Rossi Jingtian Zhang Haifeng Zhu Yongshuo H.Fu Jian Sun Tao Wang Shilong Piao josep pe?uelas State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources (TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Laboratoire sur les écosystèmes terrestres boréaux Département des Sciences FondamentalesUniversité du Québec à Chicoutimi Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (Ipe-CSIC) College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB

Despite the importance of species interaction in modulating the range shifts of plants,little is known about the responses of coexisting life forms to a warmer ***,we combine long-term monitoring of cambial phenology in sympatric trees and shrubs at two treelines of the Tibetan Plateau,with a meta-analysis of ring-width series from 344 shrubs and 575 trees paired across 11 alpine treelines in the Northern *** a spring warming of +1℃,xylem resumption advances by 2-4 days in trees,but delays by 3-8 days in *** divergent phenological response to warming was due to shrubs being3.2 times more sensitive than trees to chilling *** winters increased the thermal requirement for cambial reactivation in shrubs,leading to a delayed response to warmer *** meta-analysis confirmed such a mechanism across continental *** warming-induced phenological mismatch may give a competitive advantage to trees over shrubs,which would provide a new explanation for increasing alpine treeline shifts under the context of climate change.

关键词： chilling climate warming forcing treeline shift xylogenesis