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Human-driven global nutrient imbalances increase risks to health

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Eco-Environment & Health 2023年第4期2卷 246-251页

作者： josep penuelas Jordi Sardans CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB08193 BellaterraBarcelonaCataloniaSpain CREAF 08193 Cerdanyola del VallèsBarcelonaCataloniaSpain

Human-induced inputs of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)into the biosphere have reached unprecedented levels,particularly N,leading to an escalating global anthropogenic N:P ratio.This ratio has emerged as a significant driver of environmental change,impacting organisms,ecosystems,and global food security.However,the implications of this ratio for human health have been largely overlooked and remain uncertain.This article aims to fill this knowledge gap by exploring the potential effects of N:P ratios on both non-infectious and infectious diseases.Preliminary data emphasize the importance of investigating the influence of N:P ratios on human health,suggesting a potential role in the rise of non-infectious diseases,such as cancer,as well as the proliferation of infectious diseases,including Zika and malaria.These findings highlight the urgent need for increased attention from the scientific community and policymakers regarding the complex impacts of the human-induced biospheric N:P ratio.It is crucial to investigate and understand the underlying mechanisms and drivers behind these effects.Furthermore,there is significant potential for improving human health through the manipulation of N:P ratios and the availability of N and P.This applies not only to medical treatments but also to innovative fertilizer management strategies.These avenues present promising opportunities to address the challenges associated with human health in an ever-changing world.

关键词： Nitrogen Phosphorus N:P ratio Non-infectious diseases Infectious diseases Medical treatments

Ecological stoichiometric comparison of plant-litter-soil system in mixed-species and monoculture plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia,Amygdalus davidiana,and Armeniaca sibirica in the Loess Hilly Region of China

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第3期10卷 411-424页

作者： Senbao Lu Yunming Chen Jordi Sardans josep penuelas State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling712100China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterra08193CataloniaSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del Vall�es08193CataloniaSpain

We examined how afforestation patterns impact carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)stoichiometry in the plant-litter-soil system.Plant leaf,branch,stem,and root,litter,and soil samples were collected from mixedspecies plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia with Amygdalus davidiana(RPAD),R.pseudoacacia with Armeniaca sibirica(RPAS),and monocultures of R.pseudoacacia(RP),A.davidiana(AD),and A.sibirica(AS)in the Loess Hilly Region.The results showed that in mixed-species plantations,R.pseudoacacia had lower leaf N and P concentrations than in monocultures,while both A.davidiana and A.sibirica had higher leaf N and P concentrations.Soil P limited tree growth in both afforestation models.Mixing R.pseudoacacia with A.davidiana or A.sibirica reduced N-limitation during litter decomposition.Average soil total N and P concentrations were higher in RPAS than in RPAD,and both were higher than the corresponding monocultures.The average soil C:N ratio was the smallest in RPAS,while the average soil C:P ratio was larger in RPAS than in RP.A positive correlation between N and P concentrations,and between C:N and C:P ratios,was found in litter and all plant organs of mono-and mixedstands.Alternatively,for N concentration and C:N ratio,the correlations between plant(i.e.,leaf,branch,root)and litter and between plant and soil were inverse between plantation types.RPAD has an increased litter decomposition rate to release N and P,while RPAS has a faster rate of soil N mineralization.RPAD was the best plantation(mixed)to improve biogeochemical cycling,as soil nutrient restrictions,particularly for P-limitation,on trees growth were alleviated.This study thus provides insights into suitable tree selection and management by revealing C:N:P stoichiometry in the plant-litter-soil system under different afforestation patterns.

关键词： Stoichiometry Plant Litter Soil Tree mixture Loess Plateau

Variability and limits of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption during foliar senescence

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Plant Communications 2023年第2期4卷 41-55页

作者： Marc Estiarte Matteo Campioli Maria Mayol josep penuelas CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB08193 BellaterraCataloniaSpain CREAF 08193 Cerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology Department of BiologyUniversity of Antwerp2610 WilrijkBelgium

Foliar nutrient resorption(NuR)plays a key role in ecosystem functioning and plant nutrient economy.Most of this recycling occurs during the senescence of leaves and is actively addressed by cells.Here,we discuss the importance of cell biochemistry,physiology,and subcellular anatomy to condition the outcome of NuR at the cellular level and to explain the existence of limits to NuR.Nutrients are transferred from the leaf in simple metabolites that can be loaded into the phloem.Proteolysis is the main mechanism for mobilization of N,whereas P mobilization requires the involvement of different catabolic pathways,making the dynamics of P in leaves more variable than those of N before,during,and after foliar senescence.The biochemistry and fate of organelles during senescence impose constraints that limit NuR.The efficiency of NuR decreases,especially in evergreen species,as soil fertility increases,which is attributed to the relative costs of nutrient acquisition from soil decreasing with increasing soil nutrient availability,while the energetic costs of NuR from senescing leaves remain constant.NuR is genetically determined,with substantial interspecific variability,and is environmentally regulated in space and time,with nutrient availability being a key driver of intraspecific variability in NuR.

关键词： foliar nutrient resorption senescence nitrogen phosphorus efficiency nutrient availability

Ecosystem Microbiome Science

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mLife 2023年第1期2卷 2-10页

作者： Yong-Guan Zhu Dong Zhu Matthias CRillig Yunfeng Yang Haiyan Chu Qing-Lin Chen josep penuelas Hui-Ling Cui Michael Gillings Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamenChina State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Centre for Eco-environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Institute of Biology Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research(BBIB) BerlinGermany State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterraCataloniaSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain ARC Centre of Excellence for Synthetic Biology and Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia

The microbiome contributes to multiple ecosystem functions and services through its interactions with a complex environment and other organisms.To date,however,most microbiome studies have been carried out on individual hosts or particular environmental compartments.This greatly limits a comprehensive understanding of the processes and functions performed by the microbiome and its dynamics at an ecosystem level.We propose that the theory and tools of ecosystem ecology be used to investigate the connectivity of microorganisms and their interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment within entire ecosystems and to examine their contributions to ecosystem services.Impacts of natural and anthropogenic stressors on ecosystems will likely cause cascading effects on the microbiome and lead to unpredictable outcomes,such as outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases or changes in mutualistic interactions.Despite enormous advances in microbial ecology,we are yet to study microbiomes of ecosystems as a whole.Doing so would establish a new framework for microbiome study:Ecosystem Microbiome Science.The advent and application of molecular and genomic technologies,together with data science and modeling,will accelerate progress in this field.

关键词： dynamics ecosystem global change interactions microbiome

QMEC:a tool for high-throughput quantitative assessment of microbial functional potential in C,N,P,and S biogeochemical cycling

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2018年第12期61卷 1451-1462页

作者： Bangxiao Zheng Yongguan Zhu Jordi Sardans josep penuelas Jianqiang Su Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Consejo Superior de lnvestigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) Global Ecology UnitCentre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF)-CSIC-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB)BeUaterra 08193Spain CREAF Cerdanyola del VallesBarcelona 08193Spain State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Bering 100085China

Microorganisms are major drivers of elemental cycling in the biosphere. Determining the abundance of microbial functional traits involved in the transformation of nutrients, including carbon(C), nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and sulfur(S), is critical for assessing microbial functionality in elemental cycling. We developed a high-throughput quantitative-PCR-based chip, Quantitative microbial element cycling(QMEC), for assessing and quantifying the genetic potential of microbiota to mineralize soil organic matter and to release C, N, P and S. QMEC contains 72 primer pairs targeting 64 microbial functional genes for C, N, P, S and methane metabolism. These primer pairs were characterized by high coverage(average of 18–20 phyla covered per gene)and sufficient specificity(>70% match rate) with a relatively low detection limit(7–102 copies per run). QMEC was successfully applied to soil and sediment samples, identifying significantly different structures, abundances and diversities of the functional genes(P<0.05). QMEC was also able to determine absolute gene abundance. QMEC enabled the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of 72 genes from 72 samples in one run, which is promising for comprehensively investigating microbially mediated ecological processes and biogeochemical cycles in various environmental contexts including those of the current global change.

关键词： microbial genes functional potential high-throughput qPCR elemental cycling biogeochemical cycle ecological process

Contrasting phenology responses to climate warming across the northern extra-tropics

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Fundamental Research 2022年第5期2卷 708-715页

作者： Xiaojun Geng Yaru Zhang Yongshuo H.Fu Fanghua Hao Ivan A.Janssens josep penuelas Shilong Piao Jing Tang Zhaofei Wu Jing Zhang Xuan Zhang Nils Chr.Stenseth College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design(GIWP) Ministry of Water ResourcesBeijing 100053China Plants and Ecosystems Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium CREAF Cerdanyola del VallèsBarcelona 08193CataloniaSpain CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterraBarcelona 08193CataloniaSpain Pecking University Beijing100847China Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund UniversitySE22362 LundSweden Terrestrial Ecology Section Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenDK2100CopenhagenDenmark Center for Permafrost(CENPERM) University of CopenhagenDK1350CopenhagenDenmark Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis(CEES) Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloN-0316 OsloNorway

Climate warming has substantially advanced the timing of spring leaf-out of woody species at middle and high latitudes,albeit with large differences.Insights in the spatial variation of this climate warming response may therefore help to constrain future trends in leaf-out and its impact on energy,water and carbon balances at global scales.In this study,we used in situ phenology observations of 38 species from 2067 study sites,distributed across the northern hemisphere in China,Europe and the United States,to investigate the latitudinal patterns of spring leaf-out and its sensitivity(S T,advance of leaf-out dates per degree of warming)and correlation(R_(T),partial correlation coefficient)to temperature during the period 1980-2016.Across all species and sites,we found that S_(T) decreased significantly by 0.15±0.02 d℃^(-1)°N^(-1),and R_(T) increased by 0.02±0.001°N^(-1)(both at P<0.001).The latitudinal patterns in R_(T) and S_(T) were explained by the differences in requirements of chilling and thermal forcing that evolved to maximize tree fitness under local climate,particularly climate predictability and summed precipitation during the pre-leaf-out season.Our results thus showed complicated spatial differences in leaf-out responses to ongoing climate warming and indicated that spatial differences in the interactions among environmental cues need to be embedded into large-scale phenology models to improve the simulation accuracy.

关键词： Apparent temperature sensitivity Latitudinal pattern Leaf-out Temperate tree Climate change

Lessons learned from COVID-19 on potentially pathogenic soil microorganisms

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Soil Ecology Letters 2021年第1期3卷 1-5页

作者： Haifeng Qian Qi Zhang Tao Lu W.J.G.M.Peijnenburg josep penuelas Yong-Guan Zhu College of Environment Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310032China Institute of Environmental Sciences(CML) Leiden University2300 RA LeidenThe Netherlands National Institute of Public Health and the Environment(RIVM) Center for Safety of Substances and ProductsP.O.Box 1BilthovenThe Netherlands CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterra08193 BarcelonaCataloniaSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès08193 BarcelonaCataloniaSpain Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

1 Pathogenic soil microbes:an issue of international concern The current Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,and previous H1N1 and SARS epidemics,were not completely accidental.The transfer of viruses and other microorganisms among humans,animals,plants,and environmental compartments(e.g.,soil or water)is a common natural phenomenon(Zhu et al.,2017;Zhu et al.,2020),but the frequencies of disease epidemics and pandemics have been increasing(Wu,2017;Zhang and Gao,2018).Agricultural intensification is postulated to be one of the most pervasive factors exacerbating these problems in the 20-first century(Foley et al.,2011).Current agricultural practices disturb the microbial world,accelerate the evolution of pathogen resistance and virulence,and together with host-range expansions and host jumps contribute to severe outbreaks of disease(Vannier et al.,2019).

关键词： soil H1N1

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纳米塑料对人体健康的影响

Science Bulletin 2020年第23期65卷 1966-1969页

作者： Mariana Teles Joan Carles Balasch Miguel Oliveira Jordi Sardans josep penuelas Department of Cell Biology Physiology and ImmunologyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraBarcelona 08193Cpain Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies Department of BiologyUniversity of AveiroAveiro 3810-193Partugal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC) Global Ecology UnitCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals(CREAF)Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona(CREAF-CSIC-UAB)BellaterraCatalonia E-08193Spain Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals(CREAF)Cendanyola del Valles Catalonia E-08193Spain

Plastics are ubiquitous. Their role as a cost-effective, chemically stable, versatile multipurpose material precluded early attempts to regulate plastic wastes and facilitated the, now widespread, planetary contamination. Left to slow UV decay and thermooxidative weathering, large plastics chip away into less than 5 mm fragments, or microplastics, which, in turn, can degrade further into nanoplastics. In the manufacturing process, several components,such as catalysts, solvents, stabilizers。

关键词：纳米塑料 plastics 人体健康

Loss of soil microbial diversity exacerbates spread of antibiotic resistance

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Soil Ecology Letters 2019年第1期1卷 3-13页

作者： Qing-Lin Chen Xin-Li An Bang-Xiao Zheng Michael Gillings josep penuelas Li Cui Jian-Qiang Su Yong-Guan Zhu Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan RoadBeijing 100049China Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW2109Australia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas(CSIC) Global Ecology UnitCentre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications(CREAF)-CSIC-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona(UAB)Bellaterra08193 BarcelonaCataloniaSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles08193 BarcelonaCataloniaSpain State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Loss of biodiversity is a major threat to the ecosystem processes upon which society depends.Natural ecosystems differ in their resistance to invasion by alien species,and this resistance can depend on the diversity in the system.Little is known,however,about the barriers that microbial diversity provides against microbial invasion.The increasing prevalence of antibioticresistant bacteria is a serious threat to public health in the 21st century.We explored the consequences of the reduction in soil microbial diversity for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.The relationship between this diversity and the invasion of antibiotic resistance was investigated using a dilution-to-extinction approach coupled with high-capacity quantitative PCR.Microbial diversity was negatively correlated with the abundance of antibiotic-resistance genes,and this correlation was maintained after accounting for other potential drivers such as incubation time and microbial abundance.Our results demonstrate that high microbial diversity can act as a biological barrier resist the spread of antibiotic resistance.These results fill a critical gap in our understanding of the role of soil microbial diversity in the health of ecosystems.

关键词： Biodiversity Biological barrier Invasiveness Ecosystem functioning