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The challenges of sequestering terrestrial carbon

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National Science Review 2022年第8期 9-10页

作者： josep pe?uelas Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications(CREAF) Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB Spanish National Research Council(CSIC)

Nature may become a powerful ally in tackling climate change.Awareness is growing that ‘nature-based climatic solutions’(Nb CS) can help us to transition toward a society with zero net emissions and thus protect us from climate change and its consequent impacts while supporting biodiversity and securing ecosystem services. The actual potential of Nb CS to provide the intended benefits, however, has not been rigorously assessed.

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Super pathogens from environmental biotechnologies threaten global health

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National Science Review 2021年第9期8卷 20-22页

作者： Yong Xiao Feng Zhao josep pe?uelas Qiansheng Huang Yong-Guan Zhu CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB CREAF Autonomous University of Barcelona CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Microbial pathogens are viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa infecting humans,animals or plants. Super pathogens (also known as superbugs) able to resist multiple antimicrobials and cause fatal infections have been increasingly considered an emerging threat to global health [1].The COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 3.8 million deaths as of 15 June2021, reminding us that we should always be alert to the next pandemic caused by super pathogens. We know little, however, about the origin and transmission of super pathogens in the environment.Among the various potential sources of super pathogens, special attention should be paid to environmental biotechnologies (EBTs) for treating wastewater.

关键词： GENES

破碎化景观格局中热带干旱森林的结构、多样性与保护价值

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2023年第1期16卷 163-176页

作者： Oscar R.Lanuza Fernando Casanoves Sergio Vílchez-Mendoza josep Maria Espelta josep peñuelas Guille peguero Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria Estelí Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua(UNAN Managua/FAREM Estelí)49EstelíNicaragua CREAF E08193 BellaterraCerdanyola del VallèsSpain Global Ecology Unit CSICCREAF‐CSIC‐UAB08193 BellaterraCataloniaSpain CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza 30501TurrialbaCosta RicaSpain Departament de Biologia Animal Biologia Vegetal i EcologiaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193 BellaterraSpain

尽管热带干旱森林是世界上退化和破碎化程度最严重的生物群落之一,但我们对它们的基本生态特征和保护状况仍然知之甚少,尤其是在新热带地区。在本研究中,我们对尼加拉瓜破碎化景观格局中的热带干旱森林的多样性、组成、结构和保护价值... 详细信息

尽管热带干旱森林是世界上退化和破碎化程度最严重的生物群落之一,但我们对它们的基本生态特征和保护状况仍然知之甚少,尤其是在新热带地区。在本研究中,我们对尼加拉瓜破碎化景观格局中的热带干旱森林的多样性、组成、结构和保护价值进行了评估。我们在河流廊道、次生林、绿篱和林间牧地之中和沿线地区建立了31处样地和样带。我们使用希尔数(Hill number)对胸高处直径≥2.5 cm的所有树木进行了记录,并对每种森林类型中树木的丰富性和多样性进行了估算,接着计算了种级分类和科级分类上的重要值指数(Importance Value Index,IVI),最后则使用Bray-Curtis相似性指数进行了非度量多维标度(Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling,NMDS)排序和相似性分析(Analysis of Similarities,ANOSIM)。不同森林类型之间在多样性上存在差异,但物种丰富度却不存在差异。豆科植物的IVI值最高,其次是桑科植物和锦葵科植物。Vachellia pennatula、Guazuma ulmifolia和Bursera simaruba的IVI值都>30%,其中前两种是所有森林类型中最为丰富的树木。对群落的相似性进行分析后可知每种森林类型都有着不同的组成,从而凸显了对所有这些不同类型的土地覆盖开展保护的重要性。

关键词：豆科植物破碎化希尔数(Hill number) 重要值指数河流廊道热带干旱森林

Warming-induced phenological mismatch between trees and shrubs explains high-elevation forest expansion

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National Science Review 2023年第10期10卷 62-71页

作者： Xiaoxia Li Eryuan Liang J.Julio Camarero Sergio Rossi Jingtian Zhang Haifeng Zhu Yongshuo H.Fu Jian Sun Tao Wang Shilong Piao josep pe?uelas State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources (TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Laboratoire sur les écosystèmes terrestres boréaux Département des Sciences FondamentalesUniversité du Québec à Chicoutimi Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (Ipe-CSIC) College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB

Despite the importance of species interaction in modulating the range shifts of plants,little is known about the responses of coexisting life forms to a warmer climate.Here,we combine long-term monitoring of cambial phenology in sympatric trees and shrubs at two treelines of the Tibetan Plateau,with a meta-analysis of ring-width series from 344 shrubs and 575 trees paired across 11 alpine treelines in the Northern Hemisphere.Under a spring warming of +1℃,xylem resumption advances by 2-4 days in trees,but delays by 3-8 days in shrubs.The divergent phenological response to warming was due to shrubs being3.2 times more sensitive than trees to chilling accumulation.Warmer winters increased the thermal requirement for cambial reactivation in shrubs,leading to a delayed response to warmer springs.Our meta-analysis confirmed such a mechanism across continental scales.The warming-induced phenological mismatch may give a competitive advantage to trees over shrubs,which would provide a new explanation for increasing alpine treeline shifts under the context of climate change.

关键词： chilling climate warming forcing treeline shift xylogenesis

Global variations in critical drought thresholds that impact vegetation

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National Science Review 2023年第5期10卷 180-193页

作者： Xiangyi Li Shilong Piao Chris Huntingford josep pe?uelas Hui Yang Hao Xu Anping Chen Pierre Friedlingstein Trevor F.Keenan Stephen Sitch Xuhui Wang Jakob Zscheischler Miguel D.Mahecha Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Institut Pierre-Simon LaplaceCNRS-ENS-UPMC-XDépartement de GeósciencesEcole Normale Superieure Earth and Environmental Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Department of Environmental Science Policy&ManagementUniversity of California Berkeley Department of Geography College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Exeter Department of Computational Hydrosystems Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—Ufz Remote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research Leipzig University Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking University Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCenter for Excellence in Tibetan Earth ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB CREAF Cerdanyola de Vallès Department of Biogeochemical Integration Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Department of Biology Colorado State University Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Department of Mathematics College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of Exeter

Identifying the thresholds of drought that,if crossed,suppress vegetation functioning is vital for accurate quantification of how land ecosystems respond to climate variability and change.We present a globally applicable framework to identify drought thresholds for vegetation responses to different levels of known soil-moisture deficits using four remotely sensed vegetation proxies spanning 2001-2018.The thresholds identified represent critical inflection points for changing vegetation responses from highly resistant to highly vulnerable in response to drought stress,and as a warning signal for substantial vegetation impacts.Drought thresholds varied geographically,with much lower percentiles of soil-moisture anomalies in vegetated areas covered by more forests,corresponding to a comparably stronger capacity to mitigate soil water deficit stress in forested ecosystems.Generally,those lower thresholds are detected in more humid climates.State-of-the-art land models,however,overestimated thresholds of soil moisture(i.***.overestimating drought impacts),especially in more humid areas with higher forest covers and arid areas with few forest covers.Based on climate model projections,we predict that the risk of vegetation damage will increase by the end of the twenty-first century in some hotspots like East Asia,Europe,Amazon,southern Australia and eastern and southern Africa.Our data-based results will inform projections on future drought impacts on terrestrial ecosystems and provide an effective tool for drought management.

关键词： drought threshold inflection points vegetation response soil moisture drought impacts

种间相互作用影响植物氮和磷的吸收量而不是氮磷比

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2022年第2期15卷 223-236页

作者： Wei-Ping Zhang Dario Fornara Guang-Cai Liu josep peñuelas Jordi Sardans Jian-Hao Sun Li-Zhen Zhang Long Li Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming Key Laboratory of Plant and Soil InteractionsMinistry of EducationDepartment of Ecology and Ecological EngineeringCollege of Resource and Environmental ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Sustainable Agri-Food Science Division Agri-Food&Biosciences InstituteBT95PX BelfastUK CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB08913 BellaterraCataloniaSpain CREAF 08913 Cerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water-Saving AgricultureGansu Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou 730070China Gansu Agro-technology Extension Station Lanzhou 730020China

量化不同农艺措施下作物氮和磷吸收量(即从农田中移除的量)的化学计量特征对理解农田生态系统中的养分收支和优化氮、磷肥施用至关重要。目前还不清楚在不同的氮肥和覆膜措施下,单作和间作体系作物氮和磷吸收量以及氮磷化学计量特征随... 详细信息

量化不同农艺措施下作物氮和磷吸收量(即从农田中移除的量)的化学计量特征对理解农田生态系统中的养分收支和优化氮、磷肥施用至关重要。目前还不清楚在不同的氮肥和覆膜措施下,单作和间作体系作物氮和磷吸收量以及氮磷化学计量特征随整个生长季的变化。本研究探讨了植物种间养分竞争如何对(1)5种种植模式(小麦、玉米和大麦单作、小麦/玉米和大麦/玉米间作),(2)两种施氮水平(0和225 kg N ha^(−1))和(3)两种玉米覆膜处理(覆膜和不覆膜)下的作物氮、磷吸收量(以及氮磷比)时间动态的影响。研究结果表明,小麦和大麦的氮、磷竞争能力强于玉米,导致间作体系共生期的小麦和大麦氮、磷吸收量相比于单作增加,而玉米氮、磷吸收量相比于单作减少。3种作物植株氮磷比随作物生长而降低。作物氮磷比不受间作的影响,也不随施氮呈现一致的变化,覆膜降低了玉米的氮磷比。两种间作体系群落水平的氮磷比在成熟期与相应单作不同。由于(1)间作从土壤移除的氮和磷的比例不同于单作,以及(2)作物对氮和磷的吸收在施氮和覆膜下均是不耦合的,这些发现可能对间作系统的养分收支有启示意义。

关键词：生态化学计量学生长速率假说间作系统种间竞争氮添加养分收支覆膜

Nitrogen addition delays the emergence of an aridity-induced threshold for plant biomass

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National Science Review 2023年第11期10卷 148-159页

作者： Hailing Li César Terrer Miguel Berdugo Fernando T.Maestre Zaichun Zhu josep pe?uelas Kailiang Yu Lin Luo Jie-Yu Gong Jian-Sheng Ye State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio“Ramón Margalef ”Universidad de Alicante Institut de Biologia Evolutiva(CSIC-UPF) Departamento de Ecología Universidad de Alicante School of Urban Planning and Design Peking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking University CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès High Meadows Environmental Institute Princeton University

Crossing certain aridity thresholds in global drylands can lead to abrupt decays of ecosystem attributes such as plant productivity, potentially causing land degradation and desertification. It is largely unknown,however, whether these thresholds can be altered by other key global change drivers known to affect the water-use efficiency and productivity of vegetation, such as elevated CO2and nitrogen(N). Using >5000 empirical measurements of plant biomass, we showed that crossing an aridity(1–precipitation/potential evapotranspiration) threshold of ～0.50, which marks the transition from dry sub-humid to semi-arid climates, led to abrupt declines in aboveground biomass(AGB) and progressive increases in root:shoot ratios, thus importantly affecting carbon stocks and their distribution. N addition significantly increased AGB and delayed the emergence of its aridity threshold from 0.49 to 0.55(P < 0.05). By coupling remote sensing estimates of leaf area index with simulations from multiple models, we found that CO2enrichment did not alter the observed aridity threshold. By 2100, and under the RCP 8.5 scenario, we forecast a 0.3% net increase in the global land area exceeding the aridity threshold detected under a scenario that includes N deposition, in comparison to a 2.9% net increase if the N effect is not considered. Our study thus indicates that N addition could mitigate to a great extent the negative impact of increasing aridity on plant biomass in drylands. These findings are critical for improving forecasts of abrupt vegetation changes in response to ongoing global environmental change.

关键词： aboveground biomass root:shoot ratios elevated CO2 nitrogen fertilization ecosystem threshold

Linking leaf elemental traits to biomass across forest biomes in the Himalayas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1518-1528页

作者： Nita DYOLA Eryuan LIANG josep peÑuelas J.Julio CAMARERO Shalik Ram SIGDEL Sugam ARYAL Wentao LIN Xiang LIU Yongwen LIU Xingliang XU Sergio ROSSI State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratoire sur lesécosystèmes terrestres boréaux Département des Sciences FondamentalesUniversitédu QuébecàChicoutimi555Boulevard de l′UniversitéChicoutimi(QC)G7H2B1Canada CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterraE-08193 CataloniaSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del VallèsE-08193 CataloniaSpain Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología(Ipe-CSIC) Avenida Montañana 1005Zaragoza 50059Spain Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Institut für GeographieErlangen 91058Germany State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Plants require a number of essential elements in different proportions for ensuring their growth and development.The elemental concentrations in leaves reflect the functions and adaptations of plants under specific environmental conditions.However,less is known about how the spectrum of leaf elements associated with resource acquisition,photosynthesis and growth regulates forest biomass along broad elevational gradients.We examined the influence of leaf element distribution and diversity on forest biomass by analyzing ten elements(C,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe,Cu,and Mn)in tree communities situated every 100 meters along an extensive elevation gradient,ranging from the tropical forest(80 meters above sea level)to the alpine treeline(4200 meters above sea level)in the Kangchenjunga Landscape in eastern Nepal Himalayas.We calculated communityweighted averages(reflecting dominant traits governing biomass,i.e.,mass-ratio effect)and functional divergence(reflecting increased trait variety,i.e.,complementarity effect)for leaf elements in a total of 1,859 trees representing 116 species.An increasing mass-ratio effect and decreasing complementarity in leaf elements enhance forest biomass accumulation.A combination of elements together with elevation explains biomass(52.2%of the variance)better than individual elemental trait diversity(0.05%to 21%of the variance).Elevation modulates trait diversity among plant species in biomass accumulation.Complementarity promotes biomass at lower elevations,but reduces biomass at higher elevations,demonstrating an interaction between elevation and complementarity.The interaction between elevation and mass-ratio effect produces heterogeneous effects on biomass along the elevation gradient.Our research indicates that biomass accumulation can be disproportionately affected by elevation due to interactions among trait diversities across vegetation zones.While higher trait variation enhances the adaptation of species to environmental changes,it reduces biomass accumulation,especially at higher elevat

关键词： Ecosystem function Elevational gradient Functional diversity Functional traits Leaf elements Niche complementarity

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A Broadband Green-Red Vegetation Index for Monitoring Gross Primary Production Phenology

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Journal of Remote Sensing 2022年第1期2022卷 258-267页

作者： Gaofei Yin Aleixandre Verger AdriàDescals Iolanda Filella josep peñuelas Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès08193 CataloniaSpain CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterra 08193 CataloniaSpain Desertification Research Centre CIDE-CSIC València 46113Spain

The chlorophyll/carotenoid index(CCI)is increasingly used for remotely tracking the phenology of photosynthesis.However,CCI is restricted to few satellites incorporating the 531nm band.This study reveals that the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)broadband green reflectance(band 4)is significantly correlated with this xanthophyll-sensitive narrowband(band 11)(R^(2)=0:98,pperformed similarly in extracting phenological metrics of the dates of the start and end of the season(EOS)when evaluated with gross primary production(GPP)measurements from eddy covariance towers.For EOS extraction of evergreen needleleaf forest,GRVI even overperformed solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence which is seen as a direct proxy of plant photosynthesis.This study opens the door for GPP and photosynthetic phenology monitoring from a wide set of sensors with broadbands in the green and red spectral regions.

关键词： needle forest restricted