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Enhanced ion acceleration from transparency-driven foils demonstrated at two ultraintense laser facilities

Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第4期12卷 593-604页

作者： Nicholas P.Dover Tim Ziegler Stefan Assenbaum Constantin Bernert Stefan Bock Florian-Emanuel Brack Thomas E.Cowan Emma J.Ditter Marco Garten Lennart Gaus Ilja Goethel George S.Hicks Hiromitsu Kiriyama Thomas Kluge James K.Koga Akira Kon Kotaro Kondo Stephan Kraft Florian Kroll Hazel F.Lowe josefine metzkes-ng Tatsuhiko Miyatake Zulfikar Najmudin Thomas Püschel Martin Rehwald Marvin Reimold Hironao Sakaki Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt Keiichiro Shiokawa Marvin E.P.Umlandt Ulrich Schramm Karl Zeil Mamiko Nishiuchi Kansai Photon Science Institute National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology8-1-7 UmemidaiKizugawaKyoto 619-0215Japan The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 DresdenGermany Technische Universitat Dresden 01069 DresdenGermany Interdiscipllinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University6-1Kasuga-KoenKasugaFukuoka 816-8580Japan

Laser-driven ion sources are a rapidly developing technology producing high energy,high peak current *** suitability for applications,such as compact medical accelerators,motivates development of robust acceleration schemes using widely available repetitive ultraintense femtosecond *** applications not only require high beam energy,but also place demanding requirements on the source stability and *** can be seriously affected by the laser temporal contrast,precluding the replication of ion acceleration performance on independent laser systems with otherwise similar ***,we present the experimental generation of>60 MeV protons and>30 MeV u-1 carbon ions from sub-micrometre thickness Formvar foils irradiated with laser intensities>1021 *** are accelerated by an extreme localised space charge field≥30TVm-1,over a million times higher than used in conventional *** field is formed by a rapid expulsion of electrons from the target bulk due to relativistically induced transparency,in which relativistic corrections to the refractive index enables laser transmission through normally opaque *** replicate the mechanism on two different laser facilities and show that the optimum target thickness decreases with improved laser contrast due to reduced *** demonstration that energetic ions can be accelerated by this mechanism at different contrast levels relaxes laser requirements and indicates interaction parameters for realising application-specific beam delivery.

关键词： acceleration intense transparency

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Laser produced electromagnetic pulses: generation, detection and mitigation

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2020年第2期8卷 88-146页

作者： Fabrizio Consoli Vladimir TTikhonchuk Matthieu Bardon Philip Bradford David CCarroll Jakub Cikhardt Mattia Cipriani Robert JClarke Thomas ECowan Colin NDanson Riccardo De Angelis Massimo De Marco Jean-Luc Dubois Bertr Etchessahar Alejro Laso Garcia David IHillier Ales Honsa Weiman Jiang Viliam Kmetik Josef Krása Yutong Li FredériéLubrano Paul McKenna josefine metzkes-ng Alexre Poyé Irene Prencipe Piotr Ra¸czka Rol ASmith Roman Vrana Nigel CWoolsey Egle Zemaityte Yihang Zhang Zhe Zhang Bernhard Zielbauer David Neely ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety DepartmentC.R.Frascati00044 FrascatiItaly CELIA University of BordeauxCNRSCEA33405 TalenceFrance ELI Beamlines Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of Sciences25241 Dolni BrezanyCzech Republic CEA DAMCESTA33116 Le BarpFrance Department of Physics York Plasma InstituteUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYork YO105DDUK Central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratorySTFCUKRIChiltonDidcotOxfordshire OX110QXUK Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Electrical Engineering16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Za Slovankou 318200 PragueCzech Republic Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institut fur Strahlenphysik01328 DresdenGermany AWE plc AldermastonReadingBerkshire RG74PRUK OxCHEDS Clarendon LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of OxfordOxford OX13PUUK CIFS The Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Centro de Laseres Pulsados(CLPU) 37185 VillamayorSalamancaSpain Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 218221 PragueCzech Republic School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Physics Scottish Universities Physics Alliance(SUPA)University of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUK Laboratory PIIM University Aix-Marseille-CNRS13397 MarseilleFrance Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion 01-497 WarsawPoland The Blackett Laboratory Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK PHELIX Group GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur SchwerionenforschungD-64291 DarmstadtGermany

This paper provides an up-to-date review of the problems related to the generation,detection and mitigation of strong electromagnetic pulses created in the interaction of high-power,high-energy laser pulses with different types of solid *** includes new experimental data obtained independently at several international *** mechanisms of electromagnetic field generation are analyzed and considered as a function of the intensity and the spectral range of emissions they *** major emphasis is put on the GHz frequency domain,which is the most damaging for electronics and may have important *** physics of electromagnetic emissions in other spectral domains,in particular THz and MHz,is also *** theoretical models and numerical simulations are compared with the results of experimental measurements,with special attention to the methodology of measurements and complementary *** the underlying physical processes is the basis for developing techniques to mitigate the electromagnetic threat and to harness electromagnetic emissions,which may have promising applications.

关键词： electromagnetic pulses high-power lasers diagnostics mitigation techniques

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Interactions Between Temperature and Sugars in the Regulation of Leaf Senescence in the Perennial Herb Arabis alpina L.

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第8期54卷 595-605页

作者： Astrid Wingler Emma josefine Stangberg Triambak Saxena Rupal Mistry Research Department of Genetics Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

Annual plants usually flower and set seed once before senescence results in the death of the whole plant （monocarpic senescence）. Leaf senescence also occurs in polycarpic perennials; even in ＂evergreen＂ species individual leaves senesce. In the annual model Arabidopsis thaliana sugars accumulate in the senescent leaves and senescence is accelerated by high sugar availability. Similar to A. thaliana, sugar contents increased with leaf age in the perennial Arabis alpina grown under warm conditions （22℃ day/18 night）. At 5℃, sugar contents in non-senescent leaves were higher than at a warm temperature, but dependent on the accession, either sugars did not accumulate or their contents decreased in old leaves. In A. alpina plants grown in their natural habitat in the Alps, sugar contents declined with leaf age. Growth at a cold temperature slightly delayed senescence in A. alpina. In both warm and cold conditions, an external glucose supply accelerated senescence, but natural variation was found in this response. In conclusion, sugar accumulation under warm conditions could accelerate leaf senescence in A. alpina plants, but genotype-specific responses and interactions with growth temperature are likely to influence senescence under natural conditions.

关键词： Perennial polycarpic senescence sugar signaling.

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Ethylene resistance in flowering ornamental plants – improvements and future perspectives

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Horticulture Research 2015年第1期2卷 134-142页

作者： Andreas Olsen Henrik Lütken josefine Nymark Hegelund Renate Müller Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenHøjbakkegård Alle 9-13Taastrup2630Denmark

Various strategies of plant breeding have been attempted in order to improve the ethylene resistance of flowering ornamental plants. These approaches span from conventional techniques such as simple cross-pollination to new breeding techniques which modify the plants genetically such as precise genome-editing. The main strategies target the ethylene pathway directly;others focus on changing the ethylene pathway indirectly via pathways that are known to be antagonistic to the ethylene pathway, e.g. increasing cytokinin levels. Many of the known elements of the ethylene pathway have been addressed experimentally with the aim of modulating the overall response of the plant to ethylene. Elements of the ethylene pathway that appear particularly promising in this respect include ethylene receptors as ETR1, and transcription factors such as EIN3. Both direct and indirect approaches seem to be successful, nevertheless, although genetic transformation using recombinant DNA has the ability to save much time in the breeding process, they are not readily used by breeders yet. This is primarily due to legislative issues, economic issues, difficulties of implementing this technology in some ornamental plants, as well as how these techniques are publically perceived, particularly in Europe. Recently, newer and more precise genome-editing techniques have become available and they are already being implemented in some crops. New breeding techniques may help change the current situation and pave the way toward a legal and public acceptance if products of these technologies are indistinguishable from plants obtained by conventional techniques.

关键词： breeding resistance precise

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Pre-treatment to Enhance Biogas Yield from Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2014年第8期8卷 825-833页

作者： Karin Maria Granstrom josefine Montelius Department of Chemical and Engineering Sciences Karlstad University Karlstad 65634 Sweden

The purpose of this work was to study the potential to enhance biogas production from pulp and paper mill sludge by the use of thermal pre-treatment in combination with chemical pre-treatment. Biogas from waste is a renewable fuel with very low emissions during combustion. To further reduce the use of fossil fuels, more biogas substrates are necessary. Pulp and paper mill sludge is a large untapped reservoir of potential biogas. Pulp and paper mill sludge was collected from a mill that produces both pulp and paper and has a modified waste activated sludge system as part of its wastewater treatment. Pre-treatments were chosen heat （70 ~C or 140℃） combined with either acid （pH 2 or pH 4） or base （pH 9 or pH 11, obtained with Ca（OH）2 or NaOH）. Biogas potential was tested by anaerobic digestion batch assays under mesophilic conditions. All pre-treatments were tested in six replicates. Biogas volume was measured with a gas-tight syringe and methane concentration was measured with a gas chromatograph. The methane yield from sludge subjected to thermal pre-treatment at 70℃ did not differ from the untreated sludge, but thermal pre-treatment at 140℃ had a positive effect. Within the 70℃ thermal pre-treatment group, the pH 2 acid was the most successful chemical pre-treatment, and Ca（OH）2 pH 9 had the least effect with no measurable improvement in methane yield. For the 140 ℃ thermal pre-treatment group, acid and NaOH impacted methane production negatively, while the Ca（OH）2-treated sludge did not differ from sludge with no chemical pre-treatment. In conclusion, thermal pre-treatment at 70℃ showed no effect, whereas, pre-treatment at 140℃ improved methane yield with 170%, and for this sludge additional, chemical pre-treatments are unnecessary.

关键词： Anaerobic biogas digestion pre-treatment sludge.

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ABA-mediated regulation of leaf and root hydraulic conductance in tomato grown at elevated CO2 is associated with altered gene expression of aquaporins

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 397-406页

作者： Liang Fang Lamis Osama Anwar Abdelhakim josefine Nymark Hegelund Shenglan Li Jie Liu Xiaoying Peng Xiangnan Li Zhenhua Wei Fulai Liu Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenHøjbakkegaard Alle 132630 TaastrupDenmark Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas Ministry of EducationNorthwest A&F University712100 YanglingShaanxiChina College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Hunan Agricultural University410128 ChangshaHunanChina Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of Sciences130102 ChangchunChina Centre for Crop Systems Analysis Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University&ResearchPO Box 4306700 AK WageningenThe Netherlands

Elevated CO_(2)concentration in the air(e[CO_(2)])decreases stomatal density(SD)and stomatal conductance(gs)where abscisic acid(ABA)may play a role,yet the underlying mechanism remains largely *** investigated the effects of e[CO_(2)](800 ppm)on leaf gas exchange and water relations of two tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)genotypes,Ailsa Craig(WT)and its ABA-deficient mutant(flacca).Compared to plants grown at ambient CO_(2)(400 ppm),e[CO_(2)]stimulated photosynthetic rate in both genotypes,while depressed the gs only in *** showed a similar response to e[CO_(2)]as gs,although the change was not significant.e[CO_(2)]increased leaf and xylem ABA concentrations and xylem sap pH,where the increases were larger in WT than in *** leaf water potential was unaffected by CO_(2)growth environment,e[CO_(2)]lowered osmotic potential,hence tended to increase turgor pressure particularly for WT.e[CO_(2)]reduced hydraulic conductance of leaf and root in WT but not in flacca,which was associated with downregulation of gene expression of *** is concluded that ABA-mediated regulation of gs,SD,and gene expression of aquaporins coordinates the whole-plant hydraulics of tomato grown at different CO_(2)environments.

关键词： conductance hence ambient

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Solid State Characterization of Sodium Eritadenate

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2011年第2期2卷 164-173页

作者： josefine Enman Anuttam Patra Kerstin Ramser Ulrika Rova Kris Arvid Berglund Department of Chemical Engineering and Geosciences Lulea University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Lulea University of Technology

Knowledge of the solid state is of great importance in the development of a new active pharmaceutical ingredient, since the solid form often dictates the properties and performance of the drug. In the present study, solid state characteristics of the sodium salt of the candidate cholesterol reducing compound eritadenine, 2(R), 3(R))-dihydroxy-4-(9-adenyl)-butanoic acid, were investigated. The compound was crystallized by slow cooling from water and various aqueous ethanol solutions, at different temperatures. Further, the compound solution was subjected to lyophilization and to high vacuum drying. The resulting solids were screened for polymorphism by micro Raman spectroscopy (λex = 830 nm) and the crystallinity was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction. Further, thermal analysis was applied to study possible occurrence of solvates or hydrates. Solids obtained from slow cooling showed crystallinity, whereas rapid cooling gave rise to more amorphous solids. Analysis of difference spectra of the Raman data for solids obtained from slow cooling of solution revealed subtle differences in the structures between crystals derived from pure water and crystals derived from aqueous ethanol solutions. Finally, from the thermal analysis it was deduced that crystals obtained from pure water were stoichiometrically dihydrates whereas crystals obtained from aqueous ethanol solutions were 2.5 hydrates;this formation of different hydrates were supported by the Raman difference analysis.

关键词： Sodium Eritadenate Solid state Chemistry Raman Spectroscopy Thermal Analysis Crystal Hydrates Polymorphism

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Tailored Co-Extruded Cereals for Seniors: Fabrication， Palatability， and in vitro Digestibility

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Leehen Mashiah Omer Medini rea Araiza Calahorra josefine Skaret Carmit Shani Levi Lotti Egger Reto Portmann Paula Varela Anwesha Sarkar Uri Lesmes Laboratory of Chemistry of Foods and Bioactives， Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering， Technion-Israel Institute of Technology The International Beer Breweries Ltd. Food Colloids and Bioprocessing Group， School of Food Science and Nutrition， University of Leeds Nofima AS.P.O. Agroscope， Schwarzenburgstr Nofima AS.P.O.Box 210

The rise in life expectancies and gap between life span and health span necessitate innovative approaches， interventions， and food solutions to secure healthy aging. This study， conducted within the framework of the EAT4AGE project of the Joint Programming Initiative 'A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life’， focuses on the rational design of functional foods for older adults. A co-extruded cereal prototype， fortified with two bioactive moieties， Maca root powder and Olive leaf extract， aims to address nutritional gaps identified in older adults， with a particular emphasis on high-quality and highly digestible proteins. Analytical determinations reveal the cereals have rich macronutrient profile exceeding 12% (w/w) protein， 20% (w/w) fat， and low sugar ( ng commercially available products with texture analyses supporting improved hardness， reduced oral friction and oral comfort. An untrained consumer panel (n=21， Age 73 ± 5) confirmed high palatability in various metrics and overall acceptability that were also affirmed through a trained sensory panel. Lastly， the product digestion was explored through an age-tailored in vitro digestion model which consistently demonstrated high protein digestibility， surpassing 80%， across all product formulations. Further， calculation of the in vitro digestible indispensable amino acid score of the product affirms its high nutritional quality. Thus， this study underscores the potential of designing palatable foods that could help promote a balanced and sustainable diet towards healthy aging.

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柏林免费开放博物馆吸引游客回流

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商业周刊（中文版） 2021年第14期 38-40页

作者： josefine Fokuhl 邵璐宁(译) 不详

德国的博物馆岛(Museum Island)汇集了首都柏林最负盛名的博物馆,常常游人如织,伹在疫情期间却冷清得出奇。如今,得益于一个周曰免票入场的新城市项目,接种了疫苗的参观者戴着口罩在保持社交距离的情况下成群结队地重返博物馆。

关键词：免费开放社交距离博物馆柏林参观者

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为王万家庭供热德国地下储热设施更加节能

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商业周刊（中文版） 2023年第5期 57-58页

作者： josefine Fokuhl 融汐(译) 不详

这个德国港口城市计划将热水储存在地下,用于在冬季为居民供暖德国港口城市汉堡以东五英里处有一个大型煤电厂,当地官员希望关闭这个名为Tiefstack的发电厂。但更换其产量需要一系列较小的解决方案,其中之一就是用来自钢铁厂和铝铸造厂... 详细信息

这个德国港口城市计划将热水储存在地下,用于在冬季为居民供暖德国港口城市汉堡以东五英里处有一个大型煤电厂,当地官员希望关闭这个名为Tiefstack的发电厂。但更换其产量需要一系列较小的解决方案,其中之一就是用来自钢铁厂和铝铸造厂的所谓废热来加热水,然后将其储存在地下近一英里的地方。当地电力公司汉堡Energiewerke的首席工程师柯尔斯顿·福斯特(Kirsten Fust)说:“自从热水瓶问世以来,这个想法就一直存在了。”

关键词：电力公司港口城市煤电厂首席工程师铸造厂福斯特汉堡德国

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