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Weak influence of natural vegetation in urban green spaces compared to agricultural ecosystems on House Martin populations:Insights from nationwide citizen science data in the Czech Republic

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 139-146页

作者： Denisa Dvorakova Jan sipos josef suchomel Department of Zoology FisheriesHydrobiology and ApicultureMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 161300BrnoCzech Republic

The House Martin(Delichon urbicum)is a common farmland bird species in the European landscape,yet its population numbers are currently in ***,it is not yet sufficiently explained why this long-term decline *** fill this gap in our knowledge,we investigated how land cover composition affects the abundance of House Martins on the landscape scale by using nationwide citizen science *** a generalised linear mixed-effect model(GLMM),we evaluated 12,094 records from the Czech Republic spanning *** analysis underscores the significance of land cover type in shaping House Martin *** specifically,our results indicate that within agricultural land covers“naturally managed arable lands”exhibited significant positive effect,while forests,orchards,and vineyards were deemed less favourable for House Martin *** urban land covers,we found a clear distinction in the impact on House Martin populations,with a positive effect observed in urban infrastructure,development areas,and post-industrial sites(i.e.,UrbanAreas),while an indifferent impact was noted within urban green spaces and landscaped areas(i.e.,GreenUrban).Notably,our findings suggest that the simple spatial,age,and species structure typical of forests in Europe,and similarly,the uniform structure of parks and gardens,may be responsible for the decline in the abundance of the House *** advocate for the preservation or enhancement of urban greenery,expansion of natural vegetation in rural areas and adoption of ecological management practices in orchards and vineyards to mitigate further declines in House Martin populations.

关键词： Citizen science Habitat preferences House Martin species distribution Urban and suburban landscape

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Deadwood position matters:Diversity and biomass of saproxylic beetles in a temperate beech forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 120-130页

作者： Vaclav Zumr Oto Nakladal josef Gallo JiríRemes Faculty of Forestry and Wood sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýck a 129Praha 6-Suchdol16500Czech Republic

Deadwood plays a key role for biodiversity in forests.A significant number of beetles from this group are currently listed as endangered in the Red *** addition to other management recommendations,there have been recent efforts to enrich stands with dead wood to promote *** important parameter for forestry enterprises is the optimization of these *** study investigated the abundance,species richness,gamma diversity,conservation value and biomass of saproxylic beetles in natural forests using window traps.A total of 89traps were used for saproxylic beetle monitoring,of which 29 were placed on lying logs,30 on snags and 30 as controls in forest stand space.A total of 35,011 beetles were recorded in 564 species(61 families).Notably,20,515 of these belong to saproxylic beetles(59%)in 311 species(55%),with 62 classified as Red-List species(20%).In the group of'all saproxylic beetles',the results indicate that a diversity and y diversity(q=0)remain consistent across various deadwood types,whileβdiversity showed significant *** differences were found in the Red-List species group,where a diversity and y diversity differed,with higher values observed in *** based total species richness of site was estimated to be 391 species,including 74 Red-Listed *** the sample coverage of the studied stand categories showed that all saproxylic species exhibit a pronounced preference for inhabiting areas featuring lying ***,Red-List species mainly inhabit snags,withβdiversity being more similar to snags and forest stand ***,both the conservation value(weighted average by conservation status)and beetle biomass are significantly highest in snags,whereas stand space shows the lowest values across all measured saproxylic beetle ***,the use of traps set on the poles in forest stand space resulted in an underestimation of the actual stand richness by 20%-25%.Our results support th

关键词： snags Coleoptera Fagus sylvatica Unmanaged forests Red-list Coarse woody debris

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工业木素的氧化氨解——机理和动力学

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国际造纸 2000年第6期19卷 30-34页

作者： Ewellyn A.Capanema Mikhail Yu.Balakshin Chen-Long Chen josef s.gratzl Adrianna G.Kirkman 关颖(译) 唐其铮(校) 美国北卡罗来纳州大学巴西圣保罗大学不详

研究了温度、氧压和氢氧化铵浓度对有机溶剂木素 (Repap)氧化氨解速率的影响。动力学实验是在 300ml Parr反应器内进行，反应条件为氢氧化铵浓度 0. 4～ 1. 6mol/L、反应温度 70～ 130℃、氧压 0. 5～ 1. 2MPa。在整个氧化氨解过程中，... 详细信息

研究了温度、氧压和氢氧化铵浓度对有机溶剂木素 (Repap)氧化氨解速率的影响。动力学实验是在 300ml Parr反应器内进行，反应条件为氢氧化铵浓度 0. 4～ 1. 6mol/L、反应温度 70～ 130℃、氧压 0. 5～ 1. 2MPa。在整个氧化氨解过程中，氮被引入到木素上的反应机理一直不变。大多数氮都是通过芳环裂化被引入到木素分子上的 ,由于酚型木素和非酚型木素的反应性能不一样，因此氮引入的动力学分两个阶段进行，并且在这两个阶段都遵循假一级速率法则。实验结果表明此反应的活化能相当低，大约 35～ 40kJ/mol；氮结合速率与氧压成正比，说明反应与氧的浓度有关。就氢氧化铵浓度而论，反应的级数是一级反应，为 0. 5，说明氢氧化铵参与反应可能阻碍氮的结合。不同来源 (阔叶木有机溶剂木素、麦草有机溶剂木素和碱木素、蓝桉硫酸盐木素、巨桉硫酸盐木素和松木硫酸盐木素 )木素的反应性能与 C9——单元上 s/G(丁香基 /愈疮木基 )的比率成比例。氮的引入与氧的吸收间的线性关系及二氧化碳的生成降低了甲氧基含量，同时总的含碳量也减少了。除了生成二氧化碳之外，这些线性关系均与研究范围内的反应条件无关。在所研究的条件下，氮被引入到木素分子上的机理通常是相同的。然而，反应途径的不同。

关键词：工艺木素氧化氨解反应机理动力学

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CO_(2)capture costs of chemical looping combustion of biomass:A comparison of natural and synthetic oxygen carrier

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 296-310页

作者： Benjamin Fleiß Juraj Priscak Martin Hammerschmid josef Fuchs stefan Müller Hermann Hofbauer Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienVienna1060 ViennaAustria BEsT–Bioenergy and sustainable Technologies GmbH Graz8010 StyriaAustria

Chemical looping combustion has the potential to be an efficient and low-cost technology capable of contributing to the reduction of the atmospheric concentration of CO_(2) in order to reach the 1.5/2°C goal and mitigate climate *** this process,a metal oxide is used as oxygen carrier in a dual fluidized bed to generate clean CO_(2) via combustion of *** commonly,natural ores or synthetic materials are used as oxygen carrier whereas both must meet special requirements for the conversion of solid *** oxygen carriers are characterized by higher reactivity at the expense of higher costs versus the lower-cost natural *** determine the viability of both possibilities,a techno-economic comparison of a synthetic material based on manganese,iron,and copper to the natural ore ilmenite was *** synthetic oxygen carrier was characterized and tested in a pilot plant,where high combustion efficiencies up to 98.4%and carbon capture rates up to 98.5%were *** techno-economic assessment resulted in CO_(2) capture costs of 75 and 40€/tCO_(2) for the synthetic and natural ore route respectively,whereas a sensitivity analysis showed the high impact of production costs and attrition rates of the synthetic *** synthetic oxygen carrier could break even with the natural ore in case of lower production costs and attrition rates,which could be reached by adapting the production process and recycling *** comparison to state-of-the-art technologies,it is demonstrated that both routes are viable and the capture cost of CO_(2) could be reduced by implementing the chemical looping combustion technology.

关键词： Chemical looping combustion BECCs Techno-economic assessment CO_(2)capture costs Oxygen carrier development synthetic materials Ilmenite

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AN INTERsECTION OF ANCIENT WIsDOM AND MODERN IDEALs

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Beijing Review 2024年第16期67卷 18-19页

作者： josef Gregory Mahoney East China Normal University Institute for the Development of socialism with Chinese Characteristics at southeast University Hainan CGE Peace Development Foundation

Thecontemporaryconcepts of civilization and culture(respectively wenming and wenhua in standard Chinese)promoted by Chinese President Xi Jinping draw on a combination of ancient and modern Chinese *** concepts have be... 详细信息

关键词： promoted IDEAL Jin

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Fearing China and Other Foolish Concerns

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Beijing Review 2024年第21期67卷 22-23页

作者： josef Gregory Mahoney East China Normal University Institute for the Development of socialism with Chinese Characteristics at southeast University Hainan CGE Peace Development Foundation

We live ina newera and China is increasingly playing an important and influential global *** should be unsurprising for those familiar with *** most of the past five millennia,China was either a major power or what some might today call a superpower,including long periods when it had no significant competitors anywhere in the world.

关键词： today history. playing

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源于细菌Dyella caseinilytica的新型N-糖酰胺酶的特性及其功能分析

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食品与发酵工业 2024年第14期50卷 104-110页

作者：武俊英王婷 josef Voglmeir 刘丽南京农业大学食品科学技术学院江苏南京210095

N-糖酰胺酶(N-glycosidase,PNGase)是一种糖苷水解酶,主要功能为释放糖肽或糖蛋白上的N-糖链,在食品、生物医药等领域中具有重要的应用价值。目前,商业化的PNGase在使用过程中具有一定的局限性,因此,开发性能优良的新型PNGase具有研究... 详细信息

N-糖酰胺酶(N-glycosidase,PNGase)是一种糖苷水解酶,主要功能为释放糖肽或糖蛋白上的N-糖链,在食品、生物医药等领域中具有重要的应用价值。目前,商业化的PNGase在使用过程中具有一定的局限性,因此,开发性能优良的新型PNGase具有研究意义。该研究在细菌Dyella caseinilytica中利用编码PNGase的基因,通过在大肠杆菌中进行重组表达,成功获得一种新型PNGase,命名为PNGase Dc,该酶分子质量为63.01 kDa。之后对其酶学特性、功能和应用潜力进行分析。酶学特性结果表明,PNGase Dc的最适pH和温度分别为2.0和37℃,酶促反应无金属离子依赖性;此外,该酶稳定性优良,在4℃下保存45 d仍能维持最高活性;分子对接结果表明,PNGase Dc与底物N′N-二乙酰壳二糖的相互作用力以氢键和范德华力为主;定点突变证明,Asp102和Glu236是影响重组PNGase Dc活性的关键氨基酸;PNGase Dc对标准糖蛋白辣根过氧化物酶和牛乳铁蛋白均具有良好的去糖基化效果;最后,以拟南芥和小鼠血浆作为底物评估PNGase Dc应用潜力,证实PNGase Dc在动植物源糖蛋白的研究中具有一定的应用潜力。综上所述,该研究为动植物源糖蛋白的研究提供了一个新的工具酶PNGase Dc,并为该酶的开发利用奠定理论基础。

关键词： PNGase Dc N-糖链 N-糖酰胺酶稳定性 Dyella caseinilytica

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我国食药用菌灰树花物种名称修订

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菌物学报 2024年第3期43卷 38-59页

作者：谢雪娇吴芳李守勉 Vlasák josef 张旭田景花李明李国杰河北农业大学园艺学院河北省蔬菜种质创新与利用重点实验室河北省蔬菜产业协同创新中心河北保定071001 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院微生物研究所北京100083 捷克科学院生物中心植物分子生物学研究所捷克布杰约维采37005

灰树花是中国具有较高食药用价值的大型真菌,国内外学界过去多认定其学名为Grifola frondosa。本研究结合形态学和多基因分子系统发育分析,对分离自东亚、欧洲和北美洲的45份样本进行分类研究。多基因联合分析的研究显示了对应各大洲灰... 详细信息

灰树花是中国具有较高食药用价值的大型真菌,国内外学界过去多认定其学名为Grifola frondosa。本研究结合形态学和多基因分子系统发育分析,对分离自东亚、欧洲和北美洲的45份样本进行分类研究。多基因联合分析的研究显示了对应各大洲灰树花菌种的高支持率分支,表明不同地域灰树花的遗传信息存在一定程度的差异,分离自我国的灰树花菌种均属于东亚分支,欧洲和北美分支的成员在中国尚未发现分布。因此,东亚分支应代表了一个独立的物种。东亚地区的灰树花过去在日本曾经被描述为白树花***,而且该种曾经被认为是欧洲灰树花***的同物异名,因此,东亚分支的物种学名应该是白树花***。由于中国多数野生和栽培灰树花菌盖颜色较深,故将其命名为白树花的一个新变型*** ***,并指定了该变型的模式标本和菌种(凭证标本HBAU15778,凭证菌株HBAU LM502)。

关键词：担子菌多基因复合种分类系统发育

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Incidence, risk factors and clinical outcome of multidrug-resistant organisms after heart transplantation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 107-118页

作者： sophia Hatzianastasiou Paraskevas Vlachos Georgios stravopodis Dimitrios Elaiopoulos Afentra Koukousli josef Papaparaskevas Themistoklis Chamogeorgakis Kyrillos Papadopoulos Theodora soulele Despoina Chilidou Kyriaki Kolovou Aggeliki Gkouziouta Michail Bonios stamatios Adamopoulos stavros Dimopoulos Microbiology Department and Infection Control Office Onassis Cardiac Surgery CenterAthens 17674Greece Heart Transplantation Unit Onassis Cardiac Surgery CenterAthens 17674Greece Cardiac surgery Intensive Care Unit Onassis Cardiac Surgery CenterAthens 17674Greece

BACKGROUND Transplant recipients commonly harbor multidrug-resistant organisms(MDROs),as a result of frequent hospital admissions and increased exposure to antimi-crobials and invasive *** To investigate the impact of patient demographic and clinical characteristics on MDRO acquisition,as well as the impact of MDRO acquisition on intensive care unit(ICU)and hospital length of stay,and on ICU mortality and 1-year mortality post heart *** This retrospective cohort study analyzed 98 consecutive heart transplant patients over a ten-year period(2013-2022)in a single transplantation *** was collected regarding MDROs commonly encountered in critical *** Among the 98 transplanted patients(70%male),about a third(32%)acquired or already harbored MDROs upon transplantation(MDRO group),while two thirds did not(MDRO-free group).The prevalent MDROs were Acinetobacter baumannii(14%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(12%)and Klebsiella pneumoniae(11%).Compared to MDRO-free patients,the MDRO group was characterized by higher body mass index(P=0.002),higher rates of renal failure(P=0.017),primary graft dysfunction(10%vs 4.5%,P=0.001),surgical re-exploration(34%vs 14%,P=0.017),mechanical circulatory support(47%vs 26%P=0.037)and renal replacement therapy(28%vs 9%,P=0.014),as well as longer extracorporeal circulation time(median 210 vs 161 min,P=0.003).The median length of stay was longer in the MDRO group,namely ICU stay was 16 vs 9 d in the MDRO-free group(P=0.001),and hospital stay was 38 vs 28 d(P=0.006),while 1-year mortality was higher(28%vs 7.6%,log-rank-χ2:7.34).CONCLUsION Following heart transplantation,a predominance of Gram-negative MDROs was *** acquisition was associated with higher complication rates,prolonged ICU and total hospital stay,and higher post-transplantation mortality.

关键词： Heart transplantation Multi drug resistant organisms Transplantation complications Transplantation outcome

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Ion emission from warm dense matter produced by irradiation with a soft x-ray free-electron laser

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 71-84页

作者： josef Krása Tomás Burian Vera Hájková Jaromír Chalupský Šimon Jelínek Katerina Frantálová Michal Krupka Zuzana Kuglerová sushil Kumar singh Vojtech Vozda Ludek Vysín MichalŠmíd Pablo Perez-Martin Marion Kühlman Juan Pintor Jakub Cikhardt Matthias Dreimann Dennis Eckermann Felix Rosenthal sam M.Vinko Alessandro Forte Thomas Gawne Thomas Campbell shenyuan Ren YuanFeng shi Trevor Hutchinson Oliver Humphries Thomas Preston Mikako Makita Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Xiayun Pan Alexander Köhler Marion Harmand sven Toleikis Katerina Falk Libor Juha Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesNa Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic Laser Plasma Department Institute of Plasma PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesZa Slovankou 318200 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of surface and Plasma science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of Physical Electronics Faculty of Nuclear Science and Engineering PhysicsCzech Technical University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 40001328 DresdenGermany DEsY Photon science Notkestraße 85D-22607 HamburgGermany Institut de Minéralogie de Physique des Matériaux et de CosmochimieUMR 7590–UPMC/CNRS/IRD/MNHNSorbonne Université4 place Jussieu75005 ParisFrance Department of Physics Faculty of Electrical EngineeringCzech Technical University in PragueTechnická216627 Prague 6Czech Republic Center for soft Nanoscience University of MünsterBusso-Peus-Straße 10D-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PUUnited Kingdom Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUnited Kingdom Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East AvenueLivermoreCalifornia 94550USA European XFEL GmbH Holzkoppel 4D-22869 SchenefeldGermany Technische Universität Dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

We report on an experiment performed at the FLAsH2 free-electron laser(FEL)aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric *** the experiment,we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft x-ray ablation process using time-of-flight electron multipliers and a shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution *** find that most emitted ions are thermal,but that some impurities chemisorbed on the target surface,such as protons,are accelerated by the electrostatic field created in the plasma by escaped *** morphology of the complex crater structure indicates the presence of several ion groups with varying *** find that the ion sound velocity is controlled by the ion temperature and show how the ion yield depends on the FEL radiation attenuation length in different materials.

关键词： electrostatic emitted chemi

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