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Geographical Indications for Medicinal Plants:Globalization, Climate Change, Quality and Market Implications for Geo-Authentic Botanicals

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2015年第1期1卷 16-23页

作者： josef a.brinckmann Sustainability Department Traditional Medicinals

Pharmacopoeial standards for crude drugs are established based on analysis of authenticated specimens which should be representative of the quality of material traditionally specified in systems of traditional medicine from species' geographical origin. This reflects the ‘geo-authentic'material that corresponds to traditional ecological and medical knowledge. In cases where specimens are obtained from cultivation outside of the species origin, this ‘authenticated' material will not be ‘geo-authentic'.There is a growing trend for the protection of ‘geographical indication'(GI) botanicals in the context of intellectual property rights. GI botanicals are named after a geographical area, indicating production within a particular area, quality and characteristics dependent on natural,historical and cultural factors. However, with the globalization of systems of traditional medicine such as Ayurvedic medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, Asian species are being introduced to cultivation outside of their geographical origins particularly in the EU and *** contrast to the Chinese concept of ‘daodi' and European concepts of ‘provenance' or ‘terroir' is the competing trend for ‘locally grown'herbs, i.e. cultivated closer to where they will be used. Reasons include concerns about quality control, contamination from polluted air, soil and water in some source countries, climate change, supply chain security and traceability, costs of production and price *** review looks at selected agronomic experiments aiming to discern differences between geo-authentic medicinal herbs vs. introduced crops and whether the global market cares to make a distinction or pay a price premium for articles with designations of geographical origin of specified quality.

关键词： Appellation of Origin Daodi Geo-authentic Geographical Indication Designation of Origin

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Reviewing Threats to Wild Rhodiola sachalinensis,A Medicinally Valuable yet Vulnerable Species

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2021年第3期7卷 299-306页

作者： josef a.brinckmann Anthony B.Cunningham David E.V.Harter Traditional Medicinals Sustainability Department4515 Ross RoadSebastopolCalifornia95472USA School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalKing Edward AvenuePietermaritzburg3209South Africa School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University90 South St.MurdochWA6150Australia Bundesamt für Naturschutz(BfN) Konstantinstr.110Bonn53179Germany

Occurring in China,DPR Korea,Japan,and Russian Federation and classified in the Red List of Chinese Flora as a vulnerable species,Rhodiola sachalinensis *** used increasingly in cosmetics,dietary supplements,and Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs).The aim of this study was to evaluate the(i)conservation status,harvesting and trade levels of ***,(ii)current state of experimental and commercial farming,and(iii)evidence of substitution or interchangeable use of *** with other Rhodiola *** assessed data from multiple disciplines and languages including studies on *** biology and ecology,information on impacts of wild harvest,management measures,and current levels of *** assessment shows that while *** is increasingly produced by cultivation,wild populations are decreasing and face multiple *** include(a)habitat loss including due to oil and gas infrastructure development on Sakhalin island,(b)climate change impacts on alpine ecosystems,and(c)overexploitation of wild plants to satisfy the growing commercial *** of the conservation status of *** should commence in each Range State,as well as resource assessments and monitoring of harvesting and trade of wild *** with increased reliance on cultivation,biodiversity conservation,and genetic diversity in wild populations are relevant to future use of this species.

关键词： Conservation Rhodiola rosea ssp.sachalinensis Rhodiola sachalinensis sustainable production Traditional Chinese Medicine

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Weak influence of natural vegetation in urban green spaces compared to agricultural ecosystems on House Martin populations:Insights from nationwide citizen science data in the Czech Republic

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 139-146页

作者： Denisa Dvorakova Jan Sipos josef Suchomel Department of Zoology FisheriesHydrobiology and ApicultureMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 161300BrnoCzech Republic

The House Martin(Delichon urbicum)is a common farmland bird species in the European landscape,yet its population numbers are currently in ***,it is not yet sufficiently explained why this long-term decline *** fill this gap in our knowledge,we investigated how land cover composition affects the abundance of House Martins on the landscape scale by using nationwide citizen science *** a generalised linear mixed-effect model(GLMM),we evaluated 12,094 records from the Czech Republic spanning *** analysis underscores the significance of land cover type in shaping House Martin *** specifically,our results indicate that within agricultural land covers“naturally managed arable lands”exhibited significant positive effect,while forests,orchards,and vineyards were deemed less favourable for House Martin *** urban land covers,we found a clear distinction in the impact on House Martin populations,with a positive effect observed in urban infrastructure,development areas,and post-industrial sites(i.e.,UrbanAreas),while an indifferent impact was noted within urban green spaces and landscaped areas(i.e.,GreenUrban).Notably,our findings suggest that the simple spatial,age,and species structure typical of forests in Europe,and similarly,the uniform structure of parks and gardens,may be responsible for the decline in the abundance of the House *** advocate for the preservation or enhancement of urban greenery,expansion of natural vegetation in rural areas and adoption of ecological management practices in orchards and vineyards to mitigate further declines in House Martin populations.

关键词： Citizen science Habitat preferences House Martin Species distribution Urban and suburban landscape

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Deadwood position matters:Diversity and biomass of saproxylic beetles in a temperate beech forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 120-130页

作者： Vaclav Zumr Oto Nakladal josef Gallo JiríRemes Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýck a 129Praha 6-Suchdol16500Czech Republic

Deadwood plays a key role for biodiversity in forests.A significant number of beetles from this group are currently listed as endangered in the Red *** addition to other management recommendations,there have been recent efforts to enrich stands with dead wood to promote *** important parameter for forestry enterprises is the optimization of these *** study investigated the abundance,species richness,gamma diversity,conservation value and biomass of saproxylic beetles in natural forests using window traps.A total of 89traps were used for saproxylic beetle monitoring,of which 29 were placed on lying logs,30 on snags and 30 as controls in forest stand space.A total of 35,011 beetles were recorded in 564 species(61 families).Notably,20,515 of these belong to saproxylic beetles(59%)in 311 species(55%),with 62 classified as Red-List species(20%).In the group of'all saproxylic beetles',the results indicate that a diversity and y diversity(q=0)remain consistent across various deadwood types,whileβdiversity showed significant *** differences were found in the Red-List species group,where a diversity and y diversity differed,with higher values observed in *** based total species richness of site was estimated to be 391 species,including 74 Red-Listed *** the sample coverage of the studied stand categories showed that all saproxylic species exhibit a pronounced preference for inhabiting areas featuring lying ***,Red-List species mainly inhabit snags,withβdiversity being more similar to snags and forest stand ***,both the conservation value(weighted average by conservation status)and beetle biomass are significantly highest in snags,whereas stand space shows the lowest values across all measured saproxylic beetle ***,the use of traps set on the poles in forest stand space resulted in an underestimation of the actual stand richness by 20%-25%.Our results support th

关键词： Snags Coleoptera Fagus sylvatica Unmanaged forests Red-list Coarse woody debris

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CO_(2)capture costs of chemical looping combustion of biomass:A comparison of natural and synthetic oxygen carrier

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 296-310页

作者： Benjamin Fleiß Juraj Priscak Martin Hammerschmid josef Fuchs Stefan Müller Hermann Hofbauer Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienVienna1060 ViennaAustria BEST–Bioenergy and Sustainable Technologies GmbH Graz8010 StyriaAustria

Chemical looping combustion has the potential to be an efficient and low-cost technology capable of contributing to the reduction of the atmospheric concentration of CO_(2) in order to reach the 1.5/2°C goal and mitigate climate *** this process,a metal oxide is used as oxygen carrier in a dual fluidized bed to generate clean CO_(2) via combustion of *** commonly,natural ores or synthetic materials are used as oxygen carrier whereas both must meet special requirements for the conversion of solid *** oxygen carriers are characterized by higher reactivity at the expense of higher costs versus the lower-cost natural *** determine the viability of both possibilities,a techno-economic comparison of a synthetic material based on manganese,iron,and copper to the natural ore ilmenite was *** synthetic oxygen carrier was characterized and tested in a pilot plant,where high combustion efficiencies up to 98.4%and carbon capture rates up to 98.5%were *** techno-economic assessment resulted in CO_(2) capture costs of 75 and 40€/tCO_(2) for the synthetic and natural ore route respectively,whereas a sensitivity analysis showed the high impact of production costs and attrition rates of the synthetic *** synthetic oxygen carrier could break even with the natural ore in case of lower production costs and attrition rates,which could be reached by adapting the production process and recycling *** comparison to state-of-the-art technologies,it is demonstrated that both routes are viable and the capture cost of CO_(2) could be reduced by implementing the chemical looping combustion technology.

关键词： Chemical looping combustion BECCS Techno-economic assessment CO_(2)capture costs Oxygen carrier development Synthetic materials Ilmenite

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Fearing China and Other Foolish Concerns

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Beijing Review 2024年第21期67卷 22-23页

作者： josef Gregory Mahoney East China Normal University Institute for the Development of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics at Southeast University Hainan CGE Peace Development Foundation

We live ina newera and China is increasingly playing an important and influential global *** should be unsurprising for those familiar with *** most of the past five millennia,China was either a major power or what some might today call a superpower,including long periods when it had no significant competitors anywhere in the world.

关键词： today history. playing

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AN INTERSECTION OF ANCIENT WISDOM AND MODERN IDEALS

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Beijing Review 2024年第16期67卷 18-19页

作者： josef Gregory Mahoney East China Normal University Institute for the Development of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics at Southeast University Hainan CGE Peace Development Foundation

Thecontemporaryconcepts of civilization and culture(respectively wenming and wenhua in standard Chinese)promoted by Chinese President Xi Jinping draw on a combination of ancient and modern Chinese *** concepts have be... 详细信息

关键词： promoted IDEAL Jin

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源于细菌Dyella caseinilytica的新型N-糖酰胺酶的特性及其功能分析

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食品与发酵工业 2024年第14期50卷 104-110页

作者：武俊英王婷 josef Voglmeir 刘丽南京农业大学食品科学技术学院江苏南京210095

N-糖酰胺酶(N-glycosidase,PNGase)是一种糖苷水解酶,主要功能为释放糖肽或糖蛋白上的N-糖链,在食品、生物医药等领域中具有重要的应用价值。目前,商业化的PNGase在使用过程中具有一定的局限性,因此,开发性能优良的新型PNGase具有研究... 详细信息

N-糖酰胺酶(N-glycosidase,PNGase)是一种糖苷水解酶,主要功能为释放糖肽或糖蛋白上的N-糖链,在食品、生物医药等领域中具有重要的应用价值。目前,商业化的PNGase在使用过程中具有一定的局限性,因此,开发性能优良的新型PNGase具有研究意义。该研究在细菌Dyella caseinilytica中利用编码PNGase的基因,通过在大肠杆菌中进行重组表达,成功获得一种新型PNGase,命名为PNGase Dc,该酶分子质量为63.01 kDa。之后对其酶学特性、功能和应用潜力进行分析。酶学特性结果表明,PNGase Dc的最适pH和温度分别为2.0和37℃,酶促反应无金属离子依赖性;此外,该酶稳定性优良,在4℃下保存45 d仍能维持最高活性;分子对接结果表明,PNGase Dc与底物N′N-二乙酰壳二糖的相互作用力以氢键和范德华力为主;定点突变证明,Asp102和Glu236是影响重组PNGase Dc活性的关键氨基酸;PNGase Dc对标准糖蛋白辣根过氧化物酶和牛乳铁蛋白均具有良好的去糖基化效果;最后,以拟南芥和小鼠血浆作为底物评估PNGase Dc应用潜力,证实PNGase Dc在动植物源糖蛋白的研究中具有一定的应用潜力。综上所述,该研究为动植物源糖蛋白的研究提供了一个新的工具酶PNGase Dc,并为该酶的开发利用奠定理论基础。

关键词： PNGase Dc N-糖链 N-糖酰胺酶稳定性 Dyella caseinilytica

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Sustaining forest biodiversity:Exploring the effect of long-term natural disturbance dynamics on contemporary lichen communities in primary forest ecosystems

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 556-567页

作者： Rhiannon Gloor Marek Svitok Martin Mikolas Jenyk Hofmeister josef Halda Pavel Janda Francesco Maria Sabatini Lucie Zemanova Arne Buechling Daniel Kozak Matej Ferencik Michal Frankovic Martin Dusatko Miroslav Svoboda Department of Forest Ecology Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamycka 129Praha 6–Suchdol16500Czech Republic Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Technical University in ZvolenT.G.Masaryka 2496001ZvolenSlovakia Institute of Botany Plant Science and Biodiversity CenterSlovak Academy of SciencesDúbravska cesta 984523BratislavaSlovakia PRALES Odtrnovie 56301322RosinaSlovakia Faculty of Science University of Hradec KraloveHradecka 1285Hradec KraloveⅢ50003Czech Republic BIOME–Biogeography and Macroecology Department of BiologicalGeological and Environmental Sciences(BIGEA)Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bolognavia Irnerio 42BolognaItaly

In this era of biodiversity loss and climate change,quantifying the impacts of natural disturbance on forest communities is imperative to improve biodiversity conservation *** and epixylic lichens are effective forest quality bioindicators,as they are generally long-lived organisms supported by continuity of specific forest structures and their associated microclimatic ***,how lichen communities respond to the effects of fluctuating historical disturbances remains *** a dendrochronological approach,this study investigates how natural disturbance dynamics indirectly influence various lichen community metrics in some of Europe's best-preserved primary mixed-beech *** modelling revealed that natural historical disturbance processes have decades-long effects on forest structural attributes,which had both congruent and divergent impacts on lichen community richness and *** species richness indirectly benefited from both historical and recent higher-severity disturbances via increased standing dead tree basal area and canopy openness respectively-likely through the presence of both pioneer and late-successional species associated with these ***-listed species richness showed a dependence on habitat continuity(old trees),and increased with disturbance-related structures(standing dead trees)whilst simultaneously benefiting from periods without severe disturbance events(old trees and reduced deadwood volume).However,if the disturbance occurred over a century in the past,no substantial effect on forest structure was ***,while disturbance-mediated forest structures can promote overall richness,threatened species appear vulnerable to more severe disturbance events-a concern,as disturbances are predicted to intensify with climate ***,the high number of threatened species found reinforce the critical role of primary forest structural attributes for biodiversity ***

关键词： Mixed-beech forests Species richness Old-growth forests Carpathian mountains Biodiversity conservation Dendroecology Fagus sylvatica

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我国食药用菌灰树花物种名称修订

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菌物学报 2024年第3期43卷 38-59页

作者：谢雪娇吴芳李守勉 Vlasák josef 张旭田景花李明李国杰河北农业大学园艺学院河北省蔬菜种质创新与利用重点实验室河北省蔬菜产业协同创新中心河北保定071001 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院微生物研究所北京100083 捷克科学院生物中心植物分子生物学研究所捷克布杰约维采37005

灰树花是中国具有较高食药用价值的大型真菌,国内外学界过去多认定其学名为Grifola frondosa。本研究结合形态学和多基因分子系统发育分析,对分离自东亚、欧洲和北美洲的45份样本进行分类研究。多基因联合分析的研究显示了对应各大洲灰... 详细信息

灰树花是中国具有较高食药用价值的大型真菌,国内外学界过去多认定其学名为Grifola frondosa。本研究结合形态学和多基因分子系统发育分析,对分离自东亚、欧洲和北美洲的45份样本进行分类研究。多基因联合分析的研究显示了对应各大洲灰树花菌种的高支持率分支,表明不同地域灰树花的遗传信息存在一定程度的差异,分离自我国的灰树花菌种均属于东亚分支,欧洲和北美分支的成员在中国尚未发现分布。因此,东亚分支应代表了一个独立的物种。东亚地区的灰树花过去在日本曾经被描述为白树花***,而且该种曾经被认为是欧洲灰树花***的同物异名,因此,东亚分支的物种学名应该是白树花***。由于中国多数野生和栽培灰树花菌盖颜色较深,故将其命名为白树花的一个新变型*** ***,并指定了该变型的模式标本和菌种(凭证标本HBAU15778,凭证菌株HBAU LM502)。

关键词：担子菌多基因复合种分类系统发育

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