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Are ATXN2 variants modifying our understanding about neural pathogenesis,phenotypes,and diagnostic?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2445-2447页

作者： jose miguel Laffita-mesa martin Paucar Per Svenningsson Department of Clinical Neuroscience(CNS) Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset

ATXN2 one gene with multiple phenotype effects:ATXN2 gene encodes a cytosolic protein(ataxin-2)with pleiotropic functions(see below).This gene contains a number of exonic Cytosine-Adenine-Guanine(CAG)-repeats which encodes a polyglutamine tract(polyQ)in the N-terminal intrinsically disordered region(IDR)of the protein.ATXN2CAG repeats are interrupted by CAA codons which is relevant only for DNA and RNA but not for protein since CAA also encodes glutamine(Q).

关键词： pathogenesis neural interrupted

An app to assist farmers in the identification of diseases and pests of coffee leaves using deep learning

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第1期9卷 38-47页

作者： jose G.m.Esgario Pedro B.C.de Castro Lucas m.Tassis Renato A.Krohling LABCIN-Nature Inspired Computing Federal University of Espirito SantoAv.Fernando Ferrari514CEP 29075-910 VitoriaEspırito SantoESBrazil LABCIN-Nature Inspired Computing and PPGI-Graduate Program in Computer Scienceand Production Engineering DepartmentFederal University of Espirito SantoAv.Fernando Ferrari514CEP 29075-910 VitoriaEspırito SantoESBrazil

In recent years,deep learning methods have been introduced for segmentation and classi-fication of leaf lesions caused by pests and pathogens.Among the commonly used approaches,convolutional neural networks have provided results with high accuracy.The purpose of this work is to present an effective and practical system capable of seg-menting and classifying different types of leaf lesions and estimating the severity of stress caused by biotic agents in coffee leaves using convolutional neural networks.The proposed approach consists of two stages:a semantic segmentation stage with severity calculation and a symptom lesion classification stage.Each stage was tested separately,highlighting the positive and negative points of each one.We obtained very good results for the severity estimation,suggesting that the model can estimate severity values very close to the real values.For the biotic stress classification,the accuracy rates were greater than 97%.Due to the promising results obtained,an App for Android platform was developed and imple-mented,consisting of semantic segmentation and severity calculation,as well as symptom classification to assist both specialists and farmers to identify and quantify biotic stresses using images of coffee leaves acquired by smartphone.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks Semantic segmentation Coffee leaf Pests and diseases App.development

Lysosome-mediated chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第1期5卷 233-244页

作者： Laia Cuesta-Casanovas Jennifer Delgado-martinez josep ***-masana jose m.Carbo Lise Clement-Demange Ruth m.Risueno josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute(IJC) Barcelona 08916Spain Faculty of Biosciences Autonomous University of BarcelonaBellaterra(Cerdanyola del Valles)08193Spain Faculty of Pharmacy University of BarcelonaBarcelona 08028Spain Leukos Biotech Muntaner383Barcelona 08036Spain

Despite the outstanding advances in understanding the biology underlying the pathophysiology of acute myeloid leukemia(AmL)and the promising preclinical data published lastly,AmL treatment still relies on a classic chemotherapy regimen largely unchanged for the past five decades.Recently,new drugs have been approved for AmL,but the real clinical benefit is still under evaluation.Nevertheless,primary refractory and relapse AmL continue to represent the main clinical challenge,as the majority of AmL patients will succumb to the disease despite achieving a complete remission during the induction phase.As such,treatments for chemoresistant AmL represent an unmet need in this disease.Although great efforts have been made to decipher the biological basis for leukemogenesis,the mechanism by which AmL cells become resistant to chemotherapy is largely unknown.The identification of the signaling pathways involved in resistance may lead to new combinatory therapies or new therapeutic approaches suitable for this subset of patients.Several mechanisms of chemoresistance have been identified,including drug transporters,key secondary messengers,and metabolic regulators.However,no therapeutic approach targeting chemoresistance has succeeded in clinical trials,especially due to broad secondary effects in healthy cells.Recent research has highlighted the importance of lysosomes in this phenomenon.Lysosomes’key role in resistance to chemotherapy includes the potential to sequester drugs,central metabolic signaling role,and gene expression regulation.These results provide further evidence to support the development of new therapeutic approaches that target lysosomes in AmL.

关键词： Lysosome chemoresistance AmL lysosomotropic drug lysosomal sequestration refractory AmL

Optimal Coordinated Operation of Distributed Static Series Compensators for Wide-area Network Congestion Relief

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Journal of modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第5期10卷 1374-1384页

作者： Camilo Andres Ordonez m Antonio Gomez-Exposito Guillermo EVinasco m jose maria maza-Ortega IEEE Smart Wires Union CityUSA Department of Electrical Engineering University of SevilleSevillaSpain Interconexion Electrica SA Intercolombia Sevilla Spain

Relieving network congestions is a critical goal for the safe and flexible operation of modern power systems, especially in the presence of intermittent renewables or distributed generation. This paper deals with the real-time coordinated operation of distributed static series compensators(DSSCs) to remove network congestions by suitable modifications of the branch reactance. Several objective functions are considered and discussed to minimize the number of the devices involved in the control actions, the total losses or the total reactive power exchanged, leading to a non-convex mixed-integer non-linear programming problem. Then, a heuristic methodology combining the solution of a regular NLP with k-means clustering algorithm is proposed to get rid of the binary variables, in an attempt to reduce the computational cost. The proposed coordinated operation strategy of the DSSCs is tested on several benchmark systems, providing feasible and sufficiently optimal solutions in a reasonable time frame for practical systems.

关键词： Distributed static series compensation(DSSC) flexible AC transmission system(FACTS) mixed-integer non-linear programming(mINLP) wide-area network control

The Effect of Laser Ablation Pulse Width and Feed Speed on Necrosis and Surface Damage of Cortical Bone

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Chinese Journal of mechanical Engineering 2022年第3期35卷 106-122页

作者： jose A.Robles‑Linares Kieran Winter Zhirong Liao Faculty of Engineering University of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK

Bone cutting is of importance in orthopaedic surgery but is also challenging due to its nature of brittleness—where severe mechanical and thermal damages can be introduced easily in conventional machining.Laser machining is a new technology that can allow for complex cut geometries whilst minimising surface defects i.e.,smearing,which occur in mechanical methods.However,comparative studies on the influence of lasers with different pulse characteristics on necrotic damage and surface integrity have not been reported yet.This paper for the first time investigates the effects of laser type on the necrotic damage and surface integrity in fresh bovine cortical bone after ex-situ laser machining.Three lasers of different pulse widths,i.e.,picosecond,nanosecond and continuous wave lasers have been investigated with different feed speeds tested to study the machining efficiency.The cutting temperature,and geometrical outputs have been measured to investigate the thermal influence on the cooling behaviour of the bone samples while high-speed imaging was used to compare the material removal mechanisms between a pulsed and continuous wave laser.Furthermore,an in-depth histological analysis of the subsurface has revealed that the nanosecond laser caused the largest necrotic depth,owing to the high pulse frequency limiting the dissipation of heat.It has also been observed that surface cracks positioned perpendicular to the trench direction were produced after machining by the picosecond laser,indicative of the photomechanical effect induced by plasma explosions.Therefore,the choice of laser type(i.e.,in terms of its pulse width and frequency)needs to be critically considered for appropriate application during laser osteotomy with minimum damage and improved healing.

关键词： Bone cutting Necrosis Surface damage Laser machining Histology

Structural performance assessment of GFRP elastic gridshells by machine learning interpretability methods

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022年第10期16卷 1249-1266页

作者： Soheila KOOKALANI Bin CHENG jose Luis Chavez TORRES Department of Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Civil Engineering Technical University of LojaLoja 110102Ecuador

The prediction of structural performance plays a significant role in damage assessment of glass fiber reinforcement polymer(GFRP)elastic gridshell structures.machine learning(mL)approaches are implemented in this study,to predict maximum stress and displacement of GFRP elastic gridshell structures.Several mL algorithms,including linear regression(LR),ridge regression(RR),support vector regression(SVR),K-nearest neighbors(KNN),decision tree(DT),random forest(RF),adaptive boosting(AdaBoost),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),category boosting(CatBoost),and light gradient boosting machine(LightGBm),are implemented in this study.Output features of structural performance considered in this study are the maximum stress as f1(x)and the maximum displacement to self-weight ratio as f2(x).A comparative study is conducted and the Catboost model presents the highest prediction accuracy.Finally,interpretable mL approaches,including shapely additive explanations(SHAP),partial dependence plot(PDP),and accumulated local effects(ALE),are applied to explain the predictions.SHAP is employed to describe the importance of each variable to structural performance both locally and globally.The results of sensitivity analysis(SA),feature importance of the CatBoost model and SHAP approach indicate the same parameters as the most significant variables for f1(x)and f2(x).

关键词： machine learning gridshell structure regression sensitivity analysis interpretability methods

Global changes explain the long-term demographic trend of the Eurasian common lizard (Squamata: Lacertidae)

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Current Zoology 2022年第2期68卷 221-228页

作者： jose L.HORREO Patrick S.FITZE Department of Genetics Physiology and MicrobiologyComplutense University of MadridC/Jose Antonio Novais 12Madrid 28040Spain Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology National Museum of Natural Sciences(CSIC)C/Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2Madrid 28006Spain

The demographic trend of a species depends on the dynamics of its local populations,which can be compromised by local or by global phenomena.However,the relevance of local and global phenomena has rarely been investigated simultaneously.Here,we tested whether local phenomena compromised a species'demographic trend using the Eurasian common lizard Zootoca vivipara,the terrestrial reptile exhibiting the widest geographic distribution,as a model species.We analyzed the species'ancient demographic trend using genetic data from its 6 allopatric genetic clades and tested whether its demographic trend mainly depended on single clades or on global phenomena.Zootoca vivipara's effective population size increased since 2.3 million years ago and started to increase steeply and continuously from 0.531 million years ago.Population growth rate exhibited 2 maxima,both occurring during global climatic changes and important vegetation changes on the northern hemisphere.Effective population size and growth rate were negatively correlated with global surface temperatures,in line with global parameters driving long-term demographic trends.Zootoca vivipara's ancient demography was neither driven by a single clade,nor by the 2 clades that colonized huge geographic areas after the last glaciation.The low importance of local phenomena,suggests that the experimentally demonstrated high sensitivity of this species to short-term ecological changes is a response in order to cope with short-term and local changes.This suggests that what affected its long-term demographic trend the most,were not these local changes/responses,but rather the important and prolonged global climatic changes and important vegetation changes on the northern hemisphere,including the opening up of the forest by humans.

关键词： ancient demographic trend anthropological activity Bayesian Skyline Plots early humans Eemian interglacial Eurasian common lizard mid-Brunhes event

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联合国视角下的国际景观治理实践框架研究

园林 2024年第3期41卷 52-59页

作者：任婧 JoséChong 李宜钢联合国人居署内罗毕00200 香港中文大学建筑学院中国香港999077

从国际景观治理、管理及相关技术解决方案的系统化运作角度出发,综述了联合国人居署(UN-Habitat)、环境署(UNEP)、粮食及农业组织(FAO)与开发计划署(UNDP)等国际组织的工作实践和最新成果,目的在于为景观治理的本土化实践提供国际宏观... 详细信息

从国际景观治理、管理及相关技术解决方案的系统化运作角度出发,综述了联合国人居署(UN-Habitat)、环境署(UNEP)、粮食及农业组织(FAO)与开发计划署(UNDP)等国际组织的工作实践和最新成果,目的在于为景观治理的本土化实践提供国际宏观视角和经验基础。同时,通过成果解读总结了各组织的工作特点、对景观治理的理解,指出了跨领域协同工作上的不足。主张在景观干预过程中整合生态—社会—经济维度,以促进治理、管理、空间实践、数据科学和金融5个板块的协同发展,并建议中国机构在景观治理领域加强数据协作、提高景观管理战略性、克服语言体系差异、深化国际合作,从而有效参与到全球生态治理中。

关键词：景观治理景观管理基于自然的解决方案联合国国际合作

Can sexual selection and disassortative mating contribute to the maintenance of a shell color polymorphism in an inter- tidal marine snail？

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Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 463-474页

作者： Emilio ROLALVAREZ maria SAURA Angel E DIZ marfa jose RIVAS margaALVAREZ Beatriz CORTES Alicia de COO Daniel estevez Laura IGLESIAS Departamento de Bioqufmica Genetica e Inmunologfa Facultad de Biologfa Universidad de Vigo Campus de Vigo 36310 VigoSpain

Littorina fabalisis an intertidal snail commonly living on the brown algaeFucus vesiculosusand showing frequent shell-color polymorphisms in the wild. The evolutionary mechanism underlying this polymorphism is currently unknown. Shell color variation was studied in mated and non-mated specimens of this species from different microareas in one locality from NW Spain, in order to estimate sexual selection and assortative mating that may (still) be operating in this population. The analyses across microareas allowed us to investigate frequency-dependent selection and assortative mating components, mechanisms that could maintain the polymorphism. The presence of shell scars caused by crab attacks, an environmental variable not related with sexual selection or assortative mating, was used as experimental control. This study provides new evidence of significant disas-sortative mating and some degree of sexual selection against some shell colors, supporting the results found 21 years ago in a similar study, i.e. in the same species and locality. The similarity of these estimates during the studied period suggests that this experimental approach is consistent and valid to be extended to other populations and organisms. In addition, sexual selection and assortative mating estimates did not change across microareas differing in shell color frequencies, suggesting than the polymorphism can not be maintained by a frequency-dependent (sexual selection-based) mechanism. Our main hypothesis is that negative assortative mating could contribute to the maintenance of the polymorphism, perhaps by males showing distinct female color preferences when searching for mates.

关键词：多态性潮间带交配壳色蜗牛频率依赖性海洋颜色变化