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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2018年第5期6卷 930-943页

作者： jose luis CALVO Simon H.TINDEMANS Goran STRBAC Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy Delft University of Technology

The utilization levels of the transmission network can be enhanced by the use of automated protection schemes that rapidly respond to disturbances. However,such corrective systems may suffer from malfunctions that have the potential to exacerbate the impact of the disturbance. This paper addresses the challenge of jointly optimizing the dispatch of generators and protection settings in this context. This requires a holistic assessment of the cyber(protection logic) and physical(network) systems,considering the failures in each part and their *** protection schemes are used as a prototypical example of such a system. An iterative optimization method is proposed that relies on power system response simulations in order to perform detailed impact assessments and compare candidate solutions. The candidate solutions are generated on the basis of a security-constrained dispatch that also secures the system against a set of cyber failure modes. A case study is developed for a generation rejection scheme on the IEEE reliability testsystem(RTS): candidate solutions are produced based on a mixed integer linear programming optimisation model, and loss-of-load costs are computed using a basic cascading outage algorithm. It is shown that the partial security approach is able to identify solutions that provide a good balance of operational costs and loss-of-load risks, both in a fixed dispatch and variable dispatch context.

关键词： Power system operations Cyber-physical systems Reliability System protection schemes Riskaware dispatch

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高含硫量锂硫电池用一维碳基材料

高含硫量锂硫电池用一维碳基材料

作者： Flores Mamani jose luis 浙江大学

学位级别：硕士

锂硫电池技术的高理论容量（1672 mA h g-1）比目前应用于锂离子电池的过渡金属氧化物阴极高出6倍,这使得它在运输与储能系统方面具有强大的吸引力,除此以外,锂硫电池还能提供较高的理论能量密度（2567 W h kg-1）。然而,每一项技术都... 详细信息

锂硫电池技术的高理论容量（1672 mA h g-1）比目前应用于锂离子电池的过渡金属氧化物阴极高出6倍,这使得它在运输与储能系统方面具有强大的吸引力,除此以外,锂硫电池还能提供较高的理论能量密度（2567 W h kg-1）。然而,每一项技术都有其缺陷,对于锂硫电池来说也是如此。尽管锂硫电池有着明显优势和良好的前景,目前仍存在一些问题阻碍了其实际应用,如硫的绝缘性能、硫变成硫化锂时的大体积膨胀、固体电解质界面的不均匀形成和树枝状物的形成等,这些问题在高含硫量的阴极上表现得更为明显,但运用传统浆液涂层工艺来制备硫磺阴极却可能无法达到预期的高能量密度,依靠集电体、粘合剂、导电碳等非活性材料来制备硫磺阴极会降低锂硫电池的整体能量密度,因此,急切需要找到制备硫磺阴极的替代方法。本项工作提出了三种实用和直接的方法来克服上述问题,它们分别在第三、第四和第五章中作详细介绍。第一种方法是在不同的含硫量下,通过简单的真空过滤,仅用碳纳米管作为粘合剂、电流收集器和导电剂来设计和制备含硫阴极。对于硫含量为50-70%的阴极来说,临界硫含量约为7 mg cm-2。而研究发现,仅使用MWCNTs会受到临界硫含量的限制,当高于该值时,阴极的厚度会增加,电阻相应增加,电压下降导致较低平台处的电压分布显示出强烈的钝化。在此条件下制备的阴极显示出1400 mA h g-1（约9.8 mA h cm-2）的良好放电能力,使得其在基于电极总质量的条件下具备约1900 W h kg-1的高能量密度。在第二种方法中,开发了一种三维无粘结剂电极。这种简单的合成方法在稳定的3D活性碳纤维毡（S-MWCNTs/ACFF）上毡合和吸附硫沉积的多壁碳纳米管。此外,在设计的电极中还产生了杂化效应。毡合的碳纳米管膜起硫基质的作用,而吸附/浸渍在碳纤维表面的碳纳米管则如同一个中间层,起着多硫化物捕捉器和硫沉淀主体的作用。与此同时,在碳纤维上形成平行的中孔提高了电极的电化学性能,改变了电极的整体电子转移路径,与独立式碳纳米管（S-MWCNTs）电极相比,这种电子转移路径使电极获得了较低的电荷转移电阻。电化学结果表明,硫负载量为7 mg cm-2的独立式S-MWCNTs电极的初始放电容量仅为790 mA h g-1,并且在108圈循环后失效,与其相比,硫负载量为8 mg cm-2的S-MWCNTs/ACFF电极的初始放电容量则为1197 mA hg-1,300圈循环后保持500 mA h g-1的可逆容量,硫利用率和可循环性都得到了显著的提高,这是因为锂在锂阳极上沉积得更好,并且多硫化锂约束得到了改善。结果表明,通过形成分级孔来设计具有双电子转移路径的硫电极,可以延长锂硫电池的循环寿命,避免阴极负载硫量大的锂硫电池在充电过程中出现“猝死”现象。在第三种方法中,在活性碳纤维毡（ACFF）上化学沉积MnO2制成双功能中间层后,将其插入重硫阴极（＞10 mg cm-2）和电池隔膜之间。得益于其分层的微/中尺度孔隙结构特征和MnO2的多硫化物保持能力,一个使用MnO2@ACFF中间层的电池（含有一个15 mg cm-2的阴极）在2 mA cm-2下进行350圈评估循环后显示出1072 mA h g-1的高可逆容量和430 mA h g-1的高容量保持率。此外,两个使用MnO2@ACFF中间层的电池（含有一个20 mg cm-2的阴极和一个30 mg cm-2的阴极）在0.1 C下进行100圈评估循环后显示出初始容量分别为1133和1051,最终容量分别为736和446 mA h g-1。这种电化学性能和简单的制备证明,MnO2基ACFF中间层可以有效地减缓多硫化物在重硫阴极中的扩散,从而延长锂硫电池的寿命。

关键词：锂硫电池多壁碳纳米管活性碳纤维毡高含硫量硫阴极分级孔隙二氧化锰中间层

Breeding to Optimize Agriculture in a Changing World

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The Crop Journal 2015年第3期3卷 169-173页

作者： Jiankang Wang jose luis Araus Jianmin Wan Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Plant Biology University of Barcelona

Breeding to Optimize Chinese Agriculture(OPTICHINA) was a three-year EU–China project launched in June of 2011. As designed, the project acted as a new strategic model to reinforce systematic cooperation on agricultural research between Europe and China. The OPTICHINA International Conference "Breeding to Optimize Agriculture in a Changing World" was held in Beijing, May 26–29, 2014. The conference included six thematic areas:(1) defining and protecting the yield potential of traits and genes;(2) high-throughput precision phenotyping in the field;(3) molecular technologies in modern breeding;(4) plant ideotype;(5) data analysis,data management, and bioinformatics; and(6) national challenges and opportunities for China. The 10 articles collected in this special issue represent key contributions and topics of this conference. This editorial provides a brief introduction to the OPTICHINA project, followed by the main scientific points of articles published in this special issue. Finally, outcomes from a brainstorming discussion at the end of the conference are summarized, representing the authors' opinions on trends in breeding for a changing world.

关键词： Bioinformatics Breeding Genetic analysis Modeling Molecular breeding Precision phenotyping

Diagnostic strategy for occult hepatitis B virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第12期17卷 1553-1557页

作者： Sara Ocana Maria luisa Casas Ingrid Buhigas jose luis Lledo Service of Clinical Laboratory Hospital Universitario Fundación AlcorcónAv Budapest-128922 AlcorcónMadrid 28036Spain Service of Biochemistry Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón.Av Budapest-1.28922 AlcorcónMadrid 28036Spain Service of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón.Av Budapest-1.28922 AlcorcónMadrid 28036Spain Navarro Service of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Fundación AlcorcónAv Budapest-1.28922 AlcorcónMadrid 28036Spain

In 2008,the European Association for the study of the liver(EASL) defined occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) as the"presence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA in the liver(with detectable or undetectable HBV DNA in the serum) of individuals testing hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) negative by currently available assays".Several aspects of occult HBV infection are still poorly understood,including the definition itself and a standardized approach for laboratory-based detection,which is the purpose of this *** clinical significance of OBI has not yet been established;however,in terms of public health,the clinical importance arises from the risk of HBV ***,it is important to detect high-risk groups for occult HBV infection to prevent *** main issue is,perhaps,to identify the target population for screening *** is very low or undetectable in occult HBV infection,even when the most sensitive methods are used,and the detection of the viral DNA reservoir in hepatocytes would provide the best evaluation of occult HBV prevalence in a defined set of ***,this diagnostic approach is obviously unsuitable:blood detection of occult hepatitis B requires assays of the highest sensitivity and specificity with a lower limit of detection<10 IU/mL for HBV DNA and<0.1 ng/mL for HBsAg.

关键词：秘密肝炎 B 病毒感染肝炎 B 表面抗原肝炎 B 病毒 DNA Anti-HBc

Capillary hydrodynamic fractionation of hydrophobic colloids:Errors in the estimated particle size distribution

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Particuology 2014年第6期12卷 97-105页

作者： luis A.Clementi Zohartze Artetxe Ziortza Aguirreurreta Amaia Agirre jose R.Leiza luis M.Gugliotta Jorge R.Vega INTEC(CONICET and Universidad Nacional del Litoral) FRSF-UTN(Facultad Regional Santa Fe-Universidad Tecnologica Nacional) POLYMAT Kimika Aplikatua SailaKimika Zientzien FakultateaUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUJoxe Mari Korta Zentroa

Capillary hydrodynamic fractionation（CHDF） with turbidity detection at a single wavelength is an analytical technique that is often used for sizing the sub-micrometric particles of hydrophobic *** article investigates three sources of errors that affect the particle size distribution（PSD） estimated by CHDF：diameter calibration errors,uncertainties in the particle refractive index（PRI）,and instrumental broadening（IB）.The study is based on simulated and experimental examples that involve unimodal and bimodal *** errors in the diameter calibration curve can produce important deviations in the number average diameter due to systematic shifts suffered by the PSD *** uncertainties in the PRI are unimportant in the analysis of unimodal PSDs,but in the specific case of bimodal PSDs,errors in the PRI can strongly affect the estimated number concentration of each *** typical IB correction（based on the IB function estimated from narrow standards） produces slightly erroneous average diameters but can lead to PSDs with underestimated widths and distorted *** practice,the three investigated sources of errors can be present simultaneously,and uncertainties in the average diameters,the shape and width of the PSD,and the number concentration of the PSD modes are unavoidable.

关键词： Particle size distribution Capillary hydrodynamic fractionation Nanoparticle Particle refractive index Instrumental broadening

Phenotyping and other breeding approaches for a New Green Revolution

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第5期56卷 422-424页

作者： jose luis Araus Jiansheng Li Martin A.J.Parry Jiankang Wang University of Barcelona Barcelona National Maize Improvement Center Chinese Agricultural University Rothamsted Research Harpenden Herts Institute of Crop Science The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing

Food security is a global concern in view of the ongoing global （social and climate） change. The challenges to food securityfrom global change, sharply increasing food and feed demands, whereas increasing the frequency and severity of stresses,coupled with degradation and scarcity of natural resources, are indeed urgent and real （Prasanna et al. 2013）. Crop productionmust double by 2050 to meet future production demands （Tilman et al. 2011）. The ability to achieve this increaserepresents a significant challenge to plant breeders. Crop yields must increase at a rate of 2.47o per year, yet the averagerate of increase is only 1.3% with yields stagnating in up to 40% of land under cereal production （Ray et al. 2012, 2013）. Therefore,crops with higher yield potential and more resistant to abiotic stress conditions are needed to address such challenges.

关键词： WHEAT

Unraveling the Biochemical and Molecular Networks Involved in Maize Cell Habituation to the Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitor Dichlobenil

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Molecular Plant 2010年第5期3卷 842-853页

作者： Hugo Melida Antonio Encina Jesus Alvarez jose luis Acebes David Caparros-Ruiz Area de Fisiologia Vegetal Facultad de CC. Biologicas y Ambientales Universidad de Leon E-24071 Leon Spain Centre de Recerca en AgriGen6mica (Consorci CSIC-IRTA-UAB) Jordi Girona 18-26 E-08034 Barcelona Spain

The biochemical and molecular processes involved in the habituation of maize cells to growth in the presence of the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor dichlobenil （DCB） were investigated. DCB affects the synthesis of cellulose both in active and stationary growth phases and alters the expression of several CesA genes. Of these, ZmCesA5 and ZmCesA7 seem to play a major role in habituating cells to growth in the presence of DCB. As a consequence of the reduction in cellulose, the expression of several genes involved in the synthesis of hydroxycinnamates is increased, resulting in cell walls with higher levels of ferulic and p-coumaric acids. A proteomic analysis revealed that habituation to DCB is linked to modifications in several metabolic pathways. Finally, habituated cells present a reduction in glutathione S-transferase detoxifying activity and antioxidant activities. Plant cell adaptation to the disturbance of such a crucial process as cellulose biosynthesis requires changes in several metabolic networks, in order to modify cell wall architecture and metabolism, and survive in the presence of the inhibitor. Some of these modifications are described in this paper.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress acclimation--physiological cell walls maize cellulose dichlobenil phenylpropanoid.

Changes in Cinnamic Acid Derivatives Associated with the Habituation of Maize Cells to Dichlobenil

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Molecular Plant 2011年第5期4卷 869-878页

作者： Hugo Melida Jesus Alvarez jose luis Acebes Antonio Encina Stephen C. Fry Area de Fisiologia Vegetal Facultad de CC Biologicas y Ambientales Universidad de Leon E-24071 Leon Spain Edinburgh Cell Wall Group Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Daniel Rutherford Building The King＇s Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3JH UK

The habituation of cell cultures to cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors such as dichlobenil （DCB） represents a valu- able tool to improve our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in plant cell wall structural plasticity. Maize cell lines habituated to lethal concentrations of DCB were able to grow through the acquisition of a modified cell wall in which cellulose was partially replaced by a more extensive network of arabinoxylans. The aim of this work was to investigate the phenolic metabolism of non-habituated and DCB-habituated maize cell cultures. Maize cell cultures were fed [14C]cinnamate and the fate of the radioactivity in different intra-protoplasmic and wall-localized fractions throughout the culture cycle was analyzed by autoradiography and scintillation counting. Non-habituated and habituated cultures did not markedly differ in their ability to uptake exogenous [14C]cinnamic acid. However, interesting differences were found in the radiolabeling of low- and high-Mr metabolites. Habituated cultures displayed a higher number and amount of radiola-beled low-Mr compounds, which could act as reserves later used for polysaccharide feruloylation. DCB-habituated cultures were highly enriched in esterified [14C]dehydrodiferulates and larger coupling products. In conclusion, an extensive and early cross-linking of hydroxycinnamates was observed in DCB-habituated cultures, probably strengthening their cellulose-deficient walls.

关键词： Cell wall Zea mays maize dichlobenil DCB dehydrodiferulate ferulate cinnamic acid.

Phenotyping for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Maize

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第4期54卷 238-249页

作者： Benhilda Masuka jose luis Araus Biswanath Das Kai Sonder Jill E.Cairns International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) Unit of Plant Physiology Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Barcelona CIMMYT Km 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz

The ability to quickly develop germplasm having tolerance to several complex polygenic inherited abiotic and biotic stresses combined is critical to the resilience of cropping systems in the face of climate change. Molecular breeding offers the tools to accelerate cereal breeding; however, suitable phenotyping proto- cols are essential to ensure that the much-anticipated benefits of molecular breeding can be realized. To facilitate the full potential of molecular tools, greater emphasis needs to be given to reducing the within-experimental site variability, application of stress and characterization of the environment and appropriate phenotyping tools. Yield is a function of many processes throughout the plantcycle, and thus integrative traits that encompass crop performance over time or organization level （i.e. canopy level） will provide a better alternative to instantaneous measurements which provide only a snapshot of a given plant process. Many new phenotyping tools based on remote sensing are now available including non-destructive measurements of growth-related parameters based on spectral reflectance and infrared thermometry to estimate plant water status. Here we describe key field phenotyping protocols for maize with emphasis on tolerance to drought and low nitrogen.

关键词： Drought low nitrogen tolerance maize phenotyping spatial variability.

New Technologies,Tools and Approaches for Improving Crop Breeding

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第4期54卷 210-214页

作者： Parry, Martin A. J. Wang, Jiankang luis Araus, jose Rothamsted Res Harpenden Herts England Chinese Acad Agr Sci Beijing 100193 Peoples R China Univ Barcelona Barcelona Spain

Most crops were first domesticated about 13 000 to 11 000 years ago. Humans are dependent on crops for survival, and from the beginnings of agriculture have been energetically involved in developing crops that better serve their needs （Allard 1999）. During the last decades breeding has contributed approximately a 50% contribution to increasing the world＇s food crop production. However, plant breeding only began to adopt a scientific approach in the 1900s, when Mendel＇s hybridization experiment was rediscovered. Mendelian genetics and the development of the statistical concepts of randomJzatJon and replication had considerable impact on plant breeding methods （Hallauer et al. 1988）. In spite of the fact that scientific crop breeding has only existed for one century, it is a discipline that is developing very quickly. The major objective of crop breeding programs is to develop new genotypes that are genetically superior to those currently available for specific environments. To achieve this objective, breeders employ a range of selection methods and technologies （Hallauer et al. 1988; Falconer and Mackay 1996; Allard 1999）.

关键词： New Technologies Tools Approaches Improving Crop Breeding