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&l.;i>D’addio&l.;/i>to Bl.ckness

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International.Journal.of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第4期11卷 509-516页

作者： jose l. parra Department of Physics Florida International University Miami USA

It is assumed here that the energy of a strong gravitational.fiel. creates non-l.near effects over encl.sed masses. This idea and the rigorous rul.s of the General.Theory of Rel.tivity output a metric that covers strong and weak gravitational.fiel.s. The proposed metric coul. be correct because it incl.ded the Schwarzschil.’s metric as a particul.r case and has no singul.rities. Additional.y, it appears here that the massive condition of the gravitational.fiel.s has properties l.ke the so-cal.ed Dark Matter.

关键词： Bl.ck Hol.s Event Horizon Schwarzschil. Metric Singul.rity General.Theory of Rel.tivity Dark Matter Neutron Stars

Singl.-Photon Interaction with Beam Spl.tters

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2018年第2期8卷 20-28页

作者： jose l. parra Courtesy Postdoctoral.Associate Florida International University Miami FL USA

The production of maxima and minima by the superposition of two or more l.ght signal. provides fundamental.support for the wave nature of l.ght. This resul. is based on the study of wave interference phenomena which remains the onl. approach to expl.in the production of those maxima and minima. In a system that is prepared to work with onl. one photon at a time, any detector can signal.onl. one or zero. In 1986, a rigorousl. control.ed experiment was designed by Grangier, G. Roger, and A. Aspect, [Europhys l.tt. 1(4), p. 173, 1986] that guaranteed a singl.-photon beam. The expl.nation of the experimental.resul.s impl.ed the interference of the wave function of a singl.-photon with itsel.. Thus, the expl.nation of interference that is accepted for an ensembl. of photons was assumed to be val.d for a singl. photon. In this study, we prepare a Mach-Zehnder interferometer using the same type of beam spl.tters used by Grangier et al. to test the assumption mentioned above. Our resul.s al.ow us to expl.in the resul.s of Grangier et al. because of the interaction between l.ght and the beam spl.tters. Our resul.s al.o verify that their wave interpretation of the resul.s is not val.d. Here, we present the essential.findings of the extensive experimental.evidence that supports our ideas.

关键词： Interference Beam Spl.tter Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

Toward a Common Ground for Gravity and Optics

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Journal.of Appl.ed Mathematics and Physics 2018年第9期6卷 1896-1906页

作者： jose l. parra Department of Physics Florida International University Miami FL USA

A l.ng enough period of observation of the Sun’s gravitational.dragging effects by using a modified Cavendish’s bal.nce output of experimental.evidence shows new patterns. Those patterns can be expl.ined assuming that the Sun has a torus with rotation, precession, and nutation. This purpose of this paper is to introduce the frequencies of al. those movements. The torus’s rotational.period can be used to expl.in the Sun’s magnetic pol. reversal. Util.zing a modified Cavendish’s bal.nce showed an output of dragging forces stronger than the attraction between the gravitational.masses. This tool.afforded this research a new experimental.possibil.ty to a more precise determination of the Universal.Gravitational.Constant Big G. Moreover, the dragging forces directl. affect any vol.me of mass, which incl.des the atmosphere. This paper shows a correl.tion between the Sun’s dragging peaks and density of the air squared. The aforementioned correl.tion and the inverse cubic rel.tion with the distance to the Sun are common for the dragging and tide forces providing the possibil.ty that tidal.forces are al.o a gravitational.dragging consequence. The l.st 2017 total.Sol.r ecl.pse created a new temporal.reaction on the modified Cavendish’s bal.nce. That temporal.pattern l.oks as the spatial.pattern created by an opaque disk. This simil.rity al.ows the researcher to cal.ul.te that the dragging forces are transmitted by photons with spatial.periodicity of val.e λ = 6.1 km.

关键词： Spinning Bl.ck Hol.s Kerr’s Metric General Rel.tivity Torsion Measurements Gravitational Constant G Rotation Precession Sol.r Cycl.s

Observations of the Sun’s Dragging Forces

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Journal.of Appl.ed Mathematics and Physics 2020年第4期8卷 643-651页

作者： jose l. parra Physics Department Florida International University Miami USA

The cl.ssical.theory of gravity, devel.ped by Isaac Newton, predicts that the gravitational.force between two masses is al.ays col.near with the direction defined by the center of mass of both bodies. Some work done in the l.st 60 years has shown experimental.evidence that the real.ty may be somehow more compl.x. That compl.xity was confirmed by the author of this paper and he goes farther announcing that the Sun is emitting particl.s with 44 m spatial.periodicity that creates isotropic gravitational.effects. Those effects are identical.to the ones produced by dragging forces according to the General.Theory of Rel.tivity under the Kerr’s Metric. The purpose of this paper is to introduce experimental.evidence confirming the author’s predictions that the Moon can modify the dragging force coming from the Sun’s core.

关键词： Gravity Universal Gravitational Constant Diffraction Interference Dragging Forces

Corpuscul.r Point of View to Expl.in l.ght’s Properties

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2018年第5期8卷 135-145页

作者： jose l. parra Courtesy Postdoctoral.Associate Florida International University Miami FL USA

This l.tter introduces a simpl. model.to expl.in the Diffraction and Interference of l.ght. It was created using onl. a corpuscul.r point of view. The mean concept of the model.introduced in this paper is that l.ght has two independent states of pol.rization that oscil.ate with equal.frequencies but with a π/2 difference of phase. This model.al.ows the author to determine the intensity of l.ght at any point after it exceeds no edge or any number of them.

关键词： Diffraction Interference Photons Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

The Impl.cations of the Sun’s Dragging Effect on Gravitational.Experiments

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International.Journal.of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2017年第3期7卷 174-184页

作者： jose l. parra Department of Physics Florida International University Miami FL USA

Experimental.determinations of Newton’s gravitational.constant, Big G, have increased, in number and precision, during the l.st 30 years. There is, however, a persistent discrepancy between various authors. After examining some l.terature proposing that the differences in Big G might be a function of the l.ngth of the day al.ng the years, this paper proposes an al.ernative hypothesis in which the periodicity of said variation is a function of the rel.tive periodicity of the Sun-Earth distance. The hypothesis introduced here becomes a direct appl.cation of the Kerr Metric that describes a massive rotating star. The Kerr sol.tion for the equations of the General.Theory of Rel.tivity of Al.ert Einstein fits wel. with this rel.tive periodicity and adequatel. predicts the arrangement of the ex-perimental.G val.es reported by sixteen different l.boratories. Al.o, the author expl.ins how the Sun disturbs gravity on the surface of the Earth.

关键词： Spinning Bl.ck Hol.s Kerr’s Metric General Rel.tivity Torsion Measurements Gravitational Constant G Precession

The Col.r of the Night

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2021年第5期11卷 105-109页

作者： jose l. parra Department of Physics Florida International University Miami USA

l.ght coming from remote gal.xies is redshifted and it is accepted that redshifts are produced by every gal.xy running away from each other in a particul.r manner. According to this theory,l.="font-famil.:Verdana;">l.="font-famil.:Verdana;">l.="font-famil.:Verdana;"> gal.xies can be grouped by the distance to earth in four spaces: the cl.ser ones with no accel.ration, the next ones with accel.ration, the next remote ones with decel.ration, and the farther ones without characterization. Al. that compl.xity is disregarded in this paper by assuming that the photons are rul.d by l.ngitudinal.and transverse gravitational.potential.. These rel.tivistic invariant potential. create coherence quantum states of energy and subsequentl. the l.ght redshift is created by photons moving down across those energetical.l.vel..

关键词： Redshift Background Expansion Accel.ration Universe Cosmos

The Sun and Big G Measurements

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Journal.of Appl.ed Mathematics and Physics 2018年第11期6卷 2397-2401页

作者： jose l. parra Department of Physics Florida International University Miami FL USA

On August 29th, 2018, a scientific team reported a measure of the Universal.Gravitational.Constant G with the highest precision ever. The team compl.ted three experimental.campaigns in the same city over the course of a year. That work provided a compl.te data set useful.anal.zing the val.es of Big G change with the distance to the Sun, as is cl.imed by the author of this paper.

关键词： Gravitational Constant G Rotation Precession Sol.r Cycl.s

Photonic Gravitational.Interactions from a Quantum Point of View

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