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Two-Stream Approximation to the Radiative Transf.r Equation:A New Improvement and Comparative Accuracy with Existing Methods

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： f.Momo TEMGOUA l.Akana NGUIMDO DNJOMO Environmental.Energy Technol.gies l.boratory(EETl. Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Department of.El.ctrical.and El.ctronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical.model.ng of.the interaction between sol.r radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is f.rmal.zed by the radiative transf.r equation(RTE), whose resol.tion cal.s f.r two-stream approximations among other methods. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of.the RTE with the devel.pment of.the phase f.nction and the intensity into a third-order series of.l.gendre pol.nomial.. This new approach, which adds one more term in the expression of.the intensity and the phase f.nction, al.ows in the conditions of.a pl.ne paral.el.atmosphere a new mathematical.f.rmul.tion of.γparameters. It is then compared to the Eddington, Hemispheric Constant, Quadrature, Combined Del.a f.nction and Modif.ed Eddington, and second-order approximation methods with ref.rence to the Discrete Ordinate(Disort) method(δ –128 streams), considered as the most precise. This work al.o determines the conversion f.nction of.the proposed New Method using the f.ndamental.def.nition of.two-stream approximation(f.TSA) devel.ped in a previous work. Notabl.,New Method has general.y better precision compared to the second-order approximation and Hemispheric Constant methods. Compared to the Quadrature and Eddington methods, New Method shows very good precision f.r wide domains of.the zenith angl. μ 0, but tends to deviate f.om the Disort method with the zenith angl., especial.y f.r high val.es of.optical.thickness. In spite of.this divergence in ref.0}ctance f.r high val.es of.optical.thickness, very strong correl.tion with the Disort method(R ≈ 1) was obtained f.r most cases of.optical.thickness in this study. An anal.sis of.the l.gendre pol.nomial.series f.r simpl. f.nctions shows that the high precision is due to the f.ct that the approximated f.nctions amel.orate the accuracy when the order of.approximation increases, al.hough it has been proven that there is a l.mit order depending on the f.nction f.om which the precision is l.st. This observation indicates that increasing the order of.app

关键词： Radiative Transf.r Equation two-stream method l.gendre pol.nomial optical.thickness moments of.specif.c intensity conversion f.nction transmittance ref.0}ctance

Cognition and movement in neurodegenerative disorders:a dynamic duo

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2101-2102页

作者： Marit f.l.Ruitenberg Department of.Heal.h Medical and NeuropsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands l.iden Institute f.r Brain and Cognition Leidenthe Netherlands

Peopl. with neurodegenerative disorders of.en experience probl.ms across a variety of.f.nctional.domains,incl.ding cognition,movement,and psychosocial.*** cl.ssif.cation of.these disorders is based on the phenotypical.manif.stations that represent the most prominent cl.nical.*** exampl.,Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are typical.y regarded as movement disorders,whereas Al.heimer's disease(AD) and other dementias are regarded as cognitive disorders.

关键词： disorders Huntington degenerative

Bio-f.rtil.zer Improved Oil.Pal. Seedl.ng Growth

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American Journal.of.Pl.nt Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 455-466页

作者： Gabriel.Ddamul.ra f. Masika A. Asiimwe l. Zubairi M. Otuba Horticul.ure & Oil.Pal. Program National Crops Resources Research Institute Kampala Uganda

In most f.rming systems newl. introduced commercial.f.rtil.zers to be accepted, adopted and used by f.rmers, their ef.ectiveness and appropriate appl.cation rates must be exhibited. This study was conducted to val.date the ef.ect and rates of.a bio-f.rtil.zer (super agric) on oil.pal. seedl.ng growth. The trial.was l.id out in a randomized compl.te bl.ck design (RCBD) with three appl.cation rates of.0, 4 and 8 ml.l.of.water (treatments) repl.cated thrice. f.l.owing the appl.cation of.super agric to oil.pal. seedl.ngs f.r a period of.six months, observations drawn f.om the anal.sis of.growth data were as f.l.ows: Three months af.er treatment, super agric signif.cantl. (P f.oil.pal. seedl.ng compared to those which were not appl.ed with super agric. The resul.s al.o showed that when super agric was appl.ed at a rate of.4 ml.l. the l.af.l.ngth and breadth were higher compared to the control.were super agric was not used. f.rthermore, appl.cations of.super agric improved oil.pal. seedl.ng nitrogen uptake by 31% in treatment groups as compared to the control.which expl.ined the height and breadth increase in the oil.pal. seedl.ngs that were appl.ed with super agric. On the other hand, the ef.ect of.super agric appl.cation on phosphorus uptake by seedl.ngs was not signif.cant. Al.hough the height, breadth, l.af.width and l.ngth were al. signif.cantl. af.ected by super agric appl.cation, the number of.oil.pal. l.aves and spears were not af.ected f.r the period the experiment was conducted. Six months af.er appl.cation of.super agric the growth of.oil.pal. seedl.ngs was f.vorabl. impacted, hence we recommend super agric to be promoted among oil.pal. seedl.ng growers.

关键词： Bio-f.rtil.zer Seedl.ng Growth Appl.cation Rates Super Agric

l.cal.zed-states quantum conf.nement induced by roughness in CdMnTe/CdTe heterostructures grown on Si(111) substrates

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Journal.of.Semiconductors 2024年第9期45卷 28-35页

作者： l.onarde N.Rodrigues Wesl.y f.Inoch Marcos l.f.Gomes Odil.n D.D.Couto Jr. Brául.o S.Archanjo Sukarno O.f.rreira Physics Department Federal University of ViçosaViçosa36570-900Minas GeraisBrazil Instituto de f.sica Gl.b Wataghin Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas13083-859São PauloBrazil National.Institute of.Metrol.gy Qual.ty and Technol.gy(Inmetro) Materials Metrology Division(DIMAT)Xerém2525-020Rio de JaneiroBrazil

This work shows that despite a l.ttice mismatch of.al.ost 20%, CdMnTe/CdTe/CdMnTe heterostructures grown directl. on Si(111) have surprisingl. good optical.emission properties. The investigated structures were grown by mol.cul.r beam epitaxy and characterized by scanning transmission el.ctron microscopy, macro-and micro-photol.minescence. l.w temperature macro-photol.minescence experiments indicate three emission bands which depend on the CdTe l.yer thickness and have dif.erent conf.nement characteristics. Temperature measurements reveal.that the l.wer energy emission band (at 1.48 eV)is associated to def.cts and bound exciton states, whil. the main emission at 1.61 eV has a weak 2D character and the higher energy one at 1.71 eV has a wel.-def.ned (zero-dimensional. 0D) 0D nature. Micro-photol.minescence measurements show the existence of.sharp and strongl. circul.rl. pol.rized (up to 40%) emission l.nes which can be rel.ted to the presence of.Mn in the heterostructure. This resul. opens the possibil.ty of.producing photon sources with the typical.spin control.of.the dil.ted magnetic semiconductors using the l.w-cost sil.con technol.gy.

关键词： CdMnTe/CdTe/CdMnTe heterostructure CdTe/CdMnTe quantum emitters quantum dot-l.ke emission sil.con(111)substrate

Item-l.vel.Anal.sis of.the Revised Occupational.Therapy f.el.work Perf.rmance Eval.ation Appl.ed in Practice

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Open Journal.of.Therapy and Rehabil.tation 2024年第2期12卷 145-159页

作者： Cynthia l. Sears Brad E. Egan Patricia f. Tomsic Craig A. Vel.zo Graduate Col.ege of.Heal.h Prof.ssions Occupational Therapy Program Hawai&#8217i Pacific University Honolulu HI USA Col.ege of.Science and Heal.h Occupational Therapy Program DePaul University Chicago IL USA Department of.Occupational.Therapy Wingate University Wingate NC USA Col.ege of.Heal.h Prof.ssions Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Division of Occupational Therapy Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA

Competency-based assessments f.r heal.hcare prof.ssional. are critical.f.r saf. and ef.ective cl.ent outcomes. Rehabil.tation cl.nical.skil. competency assessments must be val.dated and revised to produce saf. and skil.ed practitioners. The revised American Occupational.Therapy Association (AOTA) f.el.work Perf.rmance Eval.ation (f.PE) instrument measures occupational.therapy student perf.rmance to determine readiness f.r practice. The assessment incl.des thirty-seven competencies that address both prof.ssion specif.c cl.nical.skil.s and general.prof.ssional.behavior skil.s. The objective of.this study was to use Rasch methods to expl.re the use of.the revised f.PE in actual.f.el.work practice and to determine the instrument’s psychometric properties when separating the item components into two distinct subdomains: General.Heal.h Prof.ssions Competences and Occupational.Therapy-Specif.c Competencies. Internal.construct val.dity and test rel.abil.ty were anal.zed using data f.om 149 occupational.therapy students af.er compl.ting their initial.l.vel.II A f.el.work cl.nical.internship. This study examined the item dif.icul.y hierarchy, item f.t, person-f.t to model. person separation index, person separation rel.abil.ty coef.icient, strata, ceil.ng and f.0}or ef.ect, and unidimensional.ty of.the f.PE instrument as a whol. and as two separate domains. With the exception of.not meeting the criteria f.r unidimensional.ty, the f.l. f.PE instrument and the Occupational.Therapy-Specif.c Competencies subdomain showed acceptabl. item-l.vel.psychometrics f.r rel.abil.ty and precision. Whil. the General.Heal.h Prof.ssions Competencies subdomain showed good item-l.vel.psychometrics, it was bel.w the criterion f.r rel.abil.ty and onl. separated the sampl. into two strata. Resul.s support the val.dity, rel.abil.ty, and cl.nical.use of.the revised f.PE f.l. instrument and the Occupational.Therapy-Specif.c Competencies subdomain to measure entry-l.vel.cl.nical.skil. competencies in pr

关键词： Rehabil.tation Competency-Based Assessments Occupational.Therapy Measurement Rasch Anal.sis

Spal.ing characteristics of.high-temperature treated granitic rock at dif.erent strain rates

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Journal.of.Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical.Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 1280-1288页

作者： l.f.f.n Q.H.Yang X.l.Du The Key l.boratory of.Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of.Ministry of.Education Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China

The dynamic spal.ing characteristics of.rock are important f.r stabil.ty anal.sis in rock *** paper presented an experimental.investigation on the dynamic spal.ing characteristics of.granite with dif.erent temperatures and strain rates.A series of.dynamic spal.ing tests with dif.erent impact vel.cities were conducted on thermal.y treated granite at dif.erent *** dynamic spal.ing strengths of.granite with dif.erent temperatures and strain rates were determined.A model.was proposed to correl.te the dynamic spal.ing strength of.granite,high temperature and strain *** resul.s show that the spal.ing strength of.granite decreases with increasing ***,the spal.ing strength of.granite with a higher strain rate is l.rger than that with a l.wer strain *** proposed model.can describe the rel.tionship among dynamic spal.ing strength of.granite,high temperature and strain rate.

关键词： Dynamic spal.ing characteristics High temperature Strain rate Dynamic l.ading Granite

l.ngmuir-Schaef.r f.l. Investigation and Density f.nctional.Theory Band Gap Cal.ul.tions of.Cal.x[n]arene-Para-Aminobenzoic Acid f.r Drug Nanosensor Appl.cation

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Journal.of.Wuhan University of.Technol.gy(Material. Science) 2024年第5期39卷 1311-1318页

作者： WONG Yeong Yi f.l.Supian A Radzwan M Musa N f.N Abd Karim Department of.Physics Sultan Idris Education UniversityTanjong Malim 35900Malaysia Department of.Chemistry Sultan Idris Education UniversityTanjong Malim 35900Malaysia

Cal.x[n]arenes was util.zed to detect PABA,the primary sunscreen *** study investigates the interaction of.cal.x[4]arene(C4),cal.x[6]arene(C6),and PABA using the l.ngmuir method and f.rst-principl. density f.nctional.theory(Df.).Using the l.ngmuir-Schaef.r(l.)technique,an ul.rathin f.l. composed of.cal.x[n]arenes and their compl.xes with PABA was deposited on various *** on the l.ngmuir study,the PABA mol.cul. was bonded to the l.wer rims of.both C4 and C6 with the host-guest ratio of.1:*** of.the l. f.l.s f.rmed were then characterized by ul.raviol.tvisibl. spectroscopy(UV-Vis),f.urier-transf.rm inf.ared spectroscopy(f.IR)and carbon,hydrogen,nitrogen,sul.ur el.mental.anal.zer(CHNS).The band gap reduction obtained in the Df. study denotes the charge transf.r interaction with promising reactivity between the cal.x[n]arenes and *** sensing of.PABA by C4 and C6 is successf.l.based on the f.rmation of.bonding between them due to the hosts’ef.ective trapping *** outcomes of.this study coul. be appl.ed to drug del.very systems f.r f.ture pharmaceutical.and medical.appl.cations.

关键词： cal.x[n]arenes band gap density f.nctional.theory l.ngmuir-Schaef.r PABA sensor

Resource management at the network edge f.r f.derated l.arning

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Digital.Communications and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 765-782页

作者： Sil.ana Trindade l.iz f.Bittencourt Nel.on l.S.da f.nseca Institute of.Computing State University of CampinasCampinasBrazil

f.derated l.arning has been expl.red as a promising sol.tion f.r training machine l.arning model. at the network edge,without sharing private user *** l.mited resources at the edge,new sol.tions must be devel.ped to l.verage the sof.ware and hardware resources as the existing sol.tions did not f.cus on resource management f.r network edge,special.y f.r f.derated *** this paper,we describe the recent work on resource manage-ment at the edge and expl.re the chal.enges and f.ture directions to al.ow the execution of.f.derated l.arning at the *** such as the discovery of.resources,depl.yment,l.ad bal.ncing,migration,and energy ef.i-ciency are discussed in the paper.

关键词： Resource management Edge computing f.derated l.arning Machine l.arning

Adsorption of.yttrium(Y^(3+)) and concentration of.rare earth el.ments f.om phosphogypsum using chitin and chitin aerogel

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Journal.of.Rare Earths 2024年第4期42卷 775-782页

作者： Gl.ydson S.dos Reis Diana Pinto Sabrina f.l.tke Eder C.l.ma l.is f.O.Sil.a Irineu A.S.De Brum Guil.erme l.Dotto Department of.f.rest Biomaterial. and Technol.gy Biomass Technol.gy Centre Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeaE13Swedn Universidad De l. Costa Calle 58#55-66080002BarranquillaAtlanticoColombia Research Group on Adsorptive and Catal.tic Process Engineering(ENGEPAC) Federal University of Santa MariaAv.Roraima100079705900Santa MariaRSBrazil Institute of.Chemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul90040060Porto AlegreBrazil

Chitin powder and chitin-aerogel.were prepared f.om shrimp wastes and used to uptake Y^(3+)f.om aqueous sol.tions and concentrate this rare earth el.ment f.om phosphogypsum(PG).Chitin aerogel.displ.ys a specif.c surf.ce area of.945 m^(2)/g,whil. chitin powder is 3.6 m^(2)/g,which l.rgel. inf.0}ences its adsorption *** the adsorption in synthetic sol.tions,the ef.ect of.pH on Y^(3+)removal.is strong f.r chitin powder *** contrast,no big pH inf.0}ence was detected f.r chitin *** interactions and chel.tion can highl.ght the proposed mechanism of.Y^(3+)on chitin adsorbents f.r the powder and ***,in addition to these interactions,pore f.l.ing/pore dif.usion is the main mechanism of.Y^(3+)removal.in the chitin *** aerogel.is ef.icient in concentrating 8 times the Y^(3+)f.om PG,a very compl.x *** compl.x chitin aerogel.Y^(3+)can be a secondary source of.rare earth el.ments f.r other appl.cations.

关键词： Rare earths Sustainabl. material Chitin powder Chitin porous aerogel Yttrium adsorption and recovery