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The Crop Journal 2020年第4期8卷 623-634页

作者： Fadia Chairi Nieves Aparicio Maria Dolores Serret josé luis araus Section of Plant Physiology University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain AGROTECNIO(Center of Research in Agrotechnology) LleidaSpain Instituto de Tecnología Agraria de Castilla y León(ITACyL) ValladolidSpain

This study evaluates the changes caused by breeding in the genotype by environment(G×E)interaction of the durum wheat varieties most widely cultivated in Spain after the Green Revolution.A set of 12 cultivars was tested in 27 environments,which are understood as the combination of different sites,years,and treatments(water regime and planting dates),representative of the durum wheat growing conditions in Spain with average grain yields(GY)ranging between 2.8 and 9.1 Mg ha^-*** most important environmental factors affecting the G×E interaction for yield were themaximum and the mean temperature during the entire crop *** improvement in genetic yield was observed in warm environments and under optimal water conditions that resemble those where the germplasm originated(essentially as advanced lines)before its release in ***,the adaptation of semi-dwarf durum in Spain has shown a tendency to specific adaptation rather than large-scale *** different patterns of selection have been reported due the G×E interaction and changes in the ranking of genotypes:in the high yielding environments(GY>5 Mg ha^-1),plants favor increased water uptake,with higher levels of transpiration and more open stomata(more negative values of carbon isotope composition,δ^13 C,and higher canopy temperature depression,CTD),whereas,in low yielding environments(GY<5 Mg ha^-1)plants close their stomata and favor greater water use efficiency(less negativeδ^13 C values and lower CTD values).

关键词： breeding cultivar dwarf

High-throughput Phenotyping and Genomic Selection:The Frontiers of Crop Breeding Converge

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第5期54卷 312-320页

作者： Lloren Cabrera-Bosquet jos Crossa Jarislav von Zitzewitz María Dolors Serret jos luis araus French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA UMR759)Ecophysiology Laboratory of Plants under Environmental StressMontpellier F-34060France International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) El BatnTexcoco CP 56130Mexico National Research Program on Rainfed Crops National Institute for Agricultural ResearchEst.Exp.La EstanzuelaColonia 70000Uruguay Unit of Plant Physiology Faculty of BiologyUniversity of BarcelonaAv.Diagonal643Barcelona 08028Spain

Genomic selection （GS） and high-throughput phenotyping have recently been captivating the interest of the crop breeding com- munity from both the public and private sectors world-wide. Both approaches promise to revolutionize the prediction of complex traits, including growth, yield and adaptation to stress. Whereas high-throughput phenotyping may help to improve understanding of crop physiology, most powerful techniques for high-throughput field phenotyping are empirical rather than analytical and compa- rable to genomic selection. Despite the fact that the two method- ological approaches represent the extremes of what is understood as the breeding process （phenotype versus genome）, they both consider the targeted traits （e.g. grain yield, growth, phenology, plant adaptation to stress） as a black box instead of dissectingthem as a set of secondary traits （i.e. physiological） putatively related to the target trait. Both GS and high-throughput phenotyping have in common their empirical approach enabling breeders to use genome profile or phenotype without understanding the underlying biology. This short review discusses the main aspects of both approaches and focuses on the case of genomic selection of maize flowering traits and near-infrared spectroscopy （NIRS） and plant spectral reflectance as high-throughput field phenotyping methods for complex traits such as crop growth and yield.

关键词： Genomic selection high-throughput phenotyping NIRS quantitative traits SNPs.

Evolution of wheat architecture,physiology,and metabolism during domestication and further cultivation:Lessons for crop improvement

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The Crop Journal 2023年第4期11卷 1080-1096页

作者： Arturs Katamadze Omar Vergara-Díaz Estefanía Uberegui Ander Yoldi-Achalandabaso josé luis araus Rubén Vicente Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaP-2780 OeirasPortugal Genetics and Genomics of Plant Complex Traits Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaP-2780 OeirasPortugal FisioClimaCO_(2) Group Department of Plant Biology and EcologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque CountryE-48940 LeioaSpain Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group Section of Plant PhysiologyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of BarcelonaE-08028 Barcelona&AGROTECNIO-CERCA CenterE-25198 LleidaSpain

In recent decades,genetic advances in yield improvement in the major cereal crops,including wheat,has stagnated or proceeded at a slower rate than is required to meet future global food demand,particularly in the face of climate *** reverse this situation,and in view of the future climate scenario,there is a need to increase the genetic diversity of wheat to increase its productivity,quality,stability,and adaptation to local *** abundant genetic resources and literature are a basis for wheat ***,many species,such as wild relatives,landraces,and old cultivars have not been studied beyond their agronomic characteristics,highlighting the lack of understanding of the physiological and metabolic processes(and their integration) associated with higher productivity and resilience in limiting *** studies using wheat ancestors and modern cultivars may identify novel traits that have not previously been considered,or have been underestimated,during domestication and breeding,but that may contribute to future food *** review describes existing wheat genetic diversity and changes that occurred during domestication and breeding,and considers whether mining natural variation among wheat ancestors offers an opportunity to enhance wheat agronomic performance,spike architecture,canopy-and organ-level photosynthetic capacity,and responses to abiotic stress,as well as to develop new wheat hybrids.

关键词： Breeding Landraces Photosynthesis Wild relatives Yield

Wheat genotypic variability in grain yield and carbon isotope discrimination under Mediterranean conditions assessed by spectral reflectance

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第5期56卷 470-479页

作者： Gustavo A. Lobos Iván Matus Alejandra Rodriguez Sebastián Romero-Bravo josé luis araus Alejandro del Pozo Plant Breeding and Phenomic Center Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Talca CRI-Quilamapu Agricultural Research Institute Plant Physiology Department Faculty of Biology University of Barcelona

A collection of 368 advanced lines and cultivars of spring wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） from Chile, Uruguay, and CIMMYT（Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo）, with good agronomic characteristics were evaluated under the Mediterranean conditions of central Chile. Three different water regimes were assayed： severe water stress（SWS, rain fed）, mild water stress（MWS; one irrigation around booting）, and full irrigation（FI; four irrigations： at tillering,flag leaf appearance, heading, and middle grain filling）. Traits evaluated were grain yield（GY）, agronomical yield components,days from sowing to heading, carbon isotope discrimination（△^13C） in kernels, and canopy spectral reflectance. Correlation analyses were performed for 70 spectral reflectance indices（SRI） and the other traits evaluated in the three trials. GY and △^13C were the traits best correlated with SRI, particularly when these indices were measured during grain filling. However,only GY could be predicted using a single regression, with ResearchNormalized Difference Moisture Index（NDMI2： 2,200; 1,100）having the best fit to the data for the three trials. For △^13C, only individual regressions could be forecast under FI（r^2： 0.25–0.37）and MWS（r^2： 0.45–0.59） but not under SWS（r^2： 0.03–0.09）.NIR‐based SRI proved to be better predictors than those that combine visible and NIR wavelengths.

关键词： Breeding drought dry matter index normalized difference moisture index vegetative index water index

Wheat ear carbon assimilation and nitrogen remobilization contribute significantly to grain yield

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第11期58卷 914-926页

作者： Bangwei Zhou Maria Dolores Serret Abdelhalim Elazab Jordi Bort Pie josé luis araus Iker Aranjuelo álvaro Sanz-Sáez Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of EducationInstitute of Grassland ScienceNortheast Normal University Unit of Plant Physiology Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Barcelona Agrobiotechnology Institute Public University of Navarra-CSIC-Navarra GovernmentArrosadia Campus Department of Plant Biology University of the Basque Country Pharmacy Faculty

The role of wheat ears as a source of nitrogen （N） and carbon （C） in the grain filling process has barely been studied. To resolve this question, five wheat genotypes were labeled with 15N-enriched nutrient solution. N remobilization and absorption were estimated via the nitrogen isotope composition of total organic matter and Rubisco. Gas exchange analyses showed that ear photosynthesis contributed substantially to grain filling in spite of the great loss of C due to respiration. Of the total kernel N, 64.7% was derived from the N acquired between sowing and anthesis, while the remaining 35.3% was derived from the N acquired between anthesis and maturity. In addition, 1.87 times more N was remobilized to the developing kernel from the ear than from the flag leaf. The higher yielding genotypes showed an increased N remobflization to the kernel compared to the lower yielding genotypes. In addition, the higher yielding genotypes remobilized more N from the ears to the kernel than the lower yielding genotypes, while the lower yielding genotypes remobilized more N from the flag leaf to the kernel. Therefore, the ears contribute significantly toward fulfilling C and N demands during grain filling.

关键词： Carbon accumulation ear grain yield nitrogenaccumulation Rubisco

Contribution of the ear and the flag leaf to grainfilling in durum wheat inferred from the carbon isotope signature: Genotypic and growing conditions effects

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第5期56卷 444-454页

作者： Rut Sanchez-Bragado Abdelhalim Elazab Bangwei Zhou Maria Dolors Serret Jordi Bort Maria Teresa Nieto-Taladriz josé luis araus Unit of Plant Physiology Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Biology University of Barcelona National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA)

The ear, together with the flag leaf, is believed to play a major role as a source of assimilates during grain filling in C3cereals. However, the intrusive nature of most of the available methodologies prevents reaching conclusive results in this regard. This study compares the carbon isotope composition（d13C） in its natural abundance in the water‐soluble fractions of the flag leaf blade and the ear with the d13C of mature kernels to assess the relative contribution of both organs to grain filling in durum wheat（Triticum turgidum L. ***）. The relative contribution of the ear was higher in landraces compared to modern cultivars, as well as in response to nitrogen fertilization and water stress. Such genotypic and environmentally driven differences were associated with changes in harvest index（HI）, with the relative contribution of the ear being negatively associated with HI. In the case of the genotypic differences, the lower relative contribution of the ear in modern cultivars compared with landraces is probably associated with the appearance in the former of a certain amount of source limitation driven by a higher HI. In fact, the relative contribution of the ear was far more responsive to changes in HI in modern cultivars compared with landraces.

关键词： Carbon isotope discrimination ear flag leaf grain filling harvest index photosynthesis

Physiological traits contributed to the recent increase in yield potential of winter wheat from Henan Province, China

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第5期56卷 492-504页

作者： Bangwei Zhou álvaro Sanz-Sáez Abdelhalim Elazab Tianmin Shen Rut Sánchez-Bragado Jordi Bort Maria Dolors Serret josé luis araus Unit of Plant Physiology Faculty of Biology University of Barcelona Henan Tianmin Seed Company Lankao County Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

This experiment aims to test the traits responsible for the increase in yield potential of winter wheat released in Henan Province, China. Seven established cultivars released in the last 20 years and three advanced lines were assayed. The results showed that grain yield was positively correlated with harvest index（HI）, kernel number per square meter, and aboveground biomass. In addition, the HI and aboveground biomass showed an increasing trend with the year of ***, we can conclude that bread wheat breeding advances during recent decades in Henan Province, China,have been achieved through an increase in HI, kernel number per square meter, and aboveground biomass. A higher d13C seems also to be involved in these advances, which suggests a progressive improvement in constitutive water use efficiency not associated with a trend towards lower stomatal conductance in the most recent genotypes. However, genetic advance Researchdoes not appear related to changes in photosynthesis rates on area basis when measured in the flag leaf or the spike,but only to a higher, whole‐spike photosynthesis. Results also indirectly support the concept that under potential yield conditions, the spike contributed more than the flag leaf to kernel formation.

关键词： Carbon isotopes grain yield net carbon exchange nitrogen content yield potential

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考古植物遗存中的碳稳定同位素

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东方考古 2024年第1期 146-179页

作者： Juan Pedro Ferrio Mònica Aguilera Jordi Voltas josé luis araus 褚黎明阿拉贡研究与发展机构(ARAID) 阿拉贡农业研究与技术中心(CITA)森林资源部 CTFC-AGROTECNIO联合研究单位莱里达大学农作物与森林科学系巴塞罗那大学生物学院植物生理学部综合作物生理生态学组农业技术研究中心(AGROTECNIO) 山东大学文化遗产研究院

考古植物遗存是了解关于过去社会经历的社会和环境条件的宝贵信息来源。植物遗存巨大潜力的充分开发需要分析技术的应用。在这一背景下,考古植物遗存的碳稳定同位素组成或许能够提供关于环境条件、农业管理、食物网和饮食偏好等多方面... 详细信息

考古植物遗存是了解关于过去社会经历的社会和环境条件的宝贵信息来源。植物遗存巨大潜力的充分开发需要分析技术的应用。在这一背景下,考古植物遗存的碳稳定同位素组成或许能够提供关于环境条件、农业管理、食物网和饮食偏好等多方面的线索。本文全面介绍了分析植物遗存的碳稳定同位素在考古学中的潜在应用。在对决定植物碳稳定同位素特性的广泛生理和环境因素进行解释之后,对最相关的方法问题进行了讨论。其中,本文对样品的前处理方式、与大气变化有关的不确定性以及植物遗存在土壤中沉积前后经历的潜在变化进行了评述。以选定的案例研究为例,为碳稳定同位素在考古学中的应用提供了方法和概念上的线索。同时,也强调了依旧存在的挑战。

关键词：碳稳定同位素植物考古环境农业

Breeding to Optimize Agriculture in a Changing World

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The Crop Journal 2015年第3期3卷 169-173页

作者： Jiankang Wang jose luis araus Jianmin Wan Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Plant Biology University of Barcelona

Breeding to Optimize Chinese Agriculture(OPTICHINA) was a three-year EU–China project launched in June of 2011. As designed, the project acted as a new strategic model to reinforce systematic cooperation on agricultural research between Europe and China. The OPTICHINA International Conference "Breeding to Optimize Agriculture in a Changing World" was held in Beijing, May 26–29, 2014. The conference included six thematic areas:(1) defining and protecting the yield potential of traits and genes;(2) high-throughput precision phenotyping in the field;(3) molecular technologies in modern breeding;(4) plant ideotype;(5) data analysis,data management, and bioinformatics; and(6) national challenges and opportunities for China. The 10 articles collected in this special issue represent key contributions and topics of this conference. This editorial provides a brief introduction to the OPTICHINA project, followed by the main scientific points of articles published in this special issue. Finally, outcomes from a brainstorming discussion at the end of the conference are summarized, representing the authors' opinions on trends in breeding for a changing world.

关键词： Bioinformatics Breeding Genetic analysis Modeling Molecular breeding Precision phenotyping

Phenotyping and other breeding approaches for a New Green Revolution

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第5期56卷 422-424页

作者： jose luis araus Jiansheng Li Martin A.J.Parry Jiankang Wang University of Barcelona Barcelona National Maize Improvement Center Chinese Agricultural University Rothamsted Research Harpenden Herts Institute of Crop Science The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing

Food security is a global concern in view of the ongoing global （social and climate） change. The challenges to food securityfrom global change, sharply increasing food and feed demands, whereas increasing the frequency and severity of stresses,coupled with degradation and scarcity of natural resources, are indeed urgent and real （Prasanna et al. 2013）. Crop productionmust double by 2050 to meet future production demands （Tilman et al. 2011）. The ability to achieve this increaserepresents a significant challenge to plant breeders. Crop yields must increase at a rate of 2.47o per year, yet the averagerate of increase is only 1.3% with yields stagnating in up to 40% of land under cereal production （Ray et al. 2012, 2013）. Therefore,crops with higher yield potential and more resistant to abiotic stress conditions are needed to address such challenges.

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