This Bombesin (BBN), a tetradecapeptide analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) with a high binding affinity for GRP receptors (GRPR), is over- expressed in early stages of androgen-dependent prostate carcinom...
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This Bombesin (BBN), a tetradecapeptide analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) with a high binding affinity for GRP receptors (GRPR), is over- expressed in early stages of androgen-dependent prostate carcinomas, but not in advanced stages. Therefore, there is a need to develop effective tracers for the accurate and specific detection of this disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate Lys1, Lys3-DOTA-BBN (1,14) analog with the radiolabeled positron emitter [68Ga]-Ga-BBN for receptor imaging with PET, and to determine its biodistribution and radiation dosimetry using whole-body (WB) PET scans in healthy volunteers. The highest uptake was in the pancreas, followed by urinary bladder. The critical organ was pancreas with a mean absorbed dose of 206 ± 0.7, 210 ± 0.7, 120 ± 0.9, 390.23 ± 0.6 μGy/MBq and the effective doses were estimated as 73.2 ± 0.6, 49.8 ± 0.3 μGy/MBq (women and men, respectively).
Bacterial adherence to the acquired dental pellicle, important in dental caries (caries), is mediated by receptor-adhesins such as salivary agglutinin binding to Streptococcus mutans antigen I/II (I/II). Ten selected ...
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Bacterial adherence to the acquired dental pellicle, important in dental caries (caries), is mediated by receptor-adhesins such as salivary agglutinin binding to Streptococcus mutans antigen I/II (I/II). Ten selected I/II epitopes were chosen to determine their reactivity to human salivary IgA. Previous studies suggested that a specific HLA biomarker group (HLA-DRB1*04) may have differential influence of immune responses to I/II. However, it was not known whether secretory IgA (SIgA) responses to the selected epitopes from HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects were different compared to controls, or across other caries-related factors such as total IgA (TIgA). Thirty-two total subjects were matched according to HLA type, gender, ethnicity and age. HLA genotyping, oral bacterial, immunoglobulin and antibody analyses were performed. A large observed difference emerged with regard to the natural immune reservoir of TIgA in HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects, specifically, a 27.6% reduction compared to controls. In contrast to all other epitopes studied, HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects also exhibited reduced reactivity to I/II epitope 834-853. HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects exhibited lower specific SIgA activity/TIgA to 834-853 and also a lower specific reactivity to 834-853/whole cell S. mutans UA159. Furthermore, HLA-DRB1*04 positive subjects exhibited lower responses to I/II in its entirety. The large observed difference in TIgA and the 834-853 reactivity pattern across multiple measures suggest potentially important connections pertaining to the link between HLA-DRB1*04 and caries.
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