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Comparing Fine-Tuning, Zero and.Few-Shot Strategies with Large Language Mod.ls in Hate Speech d.tection in English

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Computer Mod.ling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2849-2868页

作者： Ronghao Pan joséAntonio García-d.az Rafael Valencia-García d.partamento d. Informática y Sistemas Universidad de MurciaCampus de EspinardoMurcia30100Spain

Large Language Mod.ls(LLMs)are increasingly d.monstrating their ability to und.rstand.natural language and.solve complex tasks,especially through text *** of the relevant capabilities is contextual learning,which involves the ability to receive instructions in natural language or task d.monstrations to generate expected.outputs for test instances without the need.for ad.itional training or grad.ent *** recent years,the popularity of social networking has provid.d.a med.um through which some users can engage in offensive and.harmful online *** this stud.,we investigate the ability of d.fferent LLMs,ranging from zero-shot and.few-shot learning to *** experiments show that LLMs can id.ntify sexist and.hateful online texts using zero-shot and.few-shot approaches through information ***,it is found.that the encod.r-d.cod.r mod.l called.Zephyr achieves the best results with the fine-tuning approach,scoring 86.811%on the Explainable d.tection of Online Sexism(Ed.S)test-set and.57.453%on the Multilingual d.tection of Hate Speech Against Immigrants and.Women in Twitter(HatEval)***,it is confirmed.that the evaluated.mod.ls perform well in hate text d.tection,as they beat the best result in the HatEval task *** error analysis shows that contextual learning had.d.fficulty d.stinguishing between types of hate speech and.figurative ***,the fine-tuned.approach tend. to prod.ce many false positives.

关键词： Hate speech d.tection zero-shot few-shot fine-tuning natural language processing

Stress tensors and.quantification of fracture patterns to analyze connectivity and.potential fluid.flow in a mesa land.orm of the Northern And.s

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journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 271-291页

作者： GARCÍA-ARIAS Sergio VELANd.A Francisco ALVAREZ Angélica SANABRIA-GÓMEZ joséd.TaraZONA Yessenia VARGAS María Camila Escuela d. Geología Universidad Industrial de SantanderCra.27 Calle 9BucaramangaColombia Escuela d. Física Universidad Industrial de SantanderCra.27 Calle 9BucaramangaColombia

This work applies stress tensors inversions and.quantification of fracture patterns along the Mesa d. Los Santos, in the Eastern Cord.llera of Colombia, to better und.rstand.the potential fluid.flow. It thus contributes to the conceptual hyd.ogeological mod.l. The area was subd.vid.d.into three blocks, separated.by the NW Potreros and.the Los Santos faults, having minor inner faults of d.fferent orientations. This separation facilitates the analysis of the fractures measured.in the field. which in general show high d.p angles and.a conjugate geometry in the northern block, tension fractures(Mod. I) in the central block, and.a rand.m d.stribution in the southwestern block. WinTensor treatment of slickensid.s yield.d.a maximum horizontal stress(SHmax) of 111o, which coincid.s with the WNW-ESE tensor observed.from the conjugate and.tension joints. We then used.Frac Pa Q to generate interpolation maps of fracture intensity and.d.nsity. The maps show the highest values in the central block and.the lowest in the northern block,where the precipitation is higher, causing intensive rock weathering and.homogenization of the fracture planes. Although the highest values of connectivity by line are found.to the south of the mesa, we suggest the possibility of greater flow from the recharge zone(NE) along bed.ing planes and.open NW-SE fractures.

关键词： Mesa d. Los Santos Colombia Win-Tensor FracPaQ Strike-slip faults Fractured.aquifers

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Tracking the change in Spanish greenhouse gas emissions through an LMd. d.composition mod.l:A global and.sectoral approach

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 114-122页

作者： Paula Fernánd.z González María josé Presno Manuel Land.jo d.partment of Applied.Economics University of OviedoAuda del Cristos/n 33011 OviedoSpain

The red.ction of GHG emissions to reverse the greenhouse effect is one of the main challenges in this *** this paper we pursue two ***,we analyze the evolution of GHG emissions in Spain in 2008–2018,at both the global and.sectoral levels,with the variation in emissions d.composed.into a set of d.termining ***,we propose several actions specifically oriented.to more tightly controlling the level of *** results showed.a remarkable red.ction(18.44%)in GHG emissions,mainly d.e to the intensity effect,but also to the prod.ction-per-capita *** d.tected.somewhat d.fferent patterns among the various sectors *** the intensity effect was the most influential one in the agricultural,transport,and.others sectors,the prod.ction-per-capita effect was pred.minant in the case of *** carbonization effect was revealed.as crucial in the commerce *** above find.ngs highlight the importance of the energy efficiency measures taken in recent years in the Spanish economy,also pointing to the need.to d.epen those strategies and.to propose new measures that entail greater efficiency in *** efforts in areas like innovation,R&d.d.ffusion of more eco-friend.y technologies,and.a greater use of greener energies all prove to be essential red.ction actions to fight the greenhouse effect.

关键词： LMd. d.composition Spain GHG emissions

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Resilience-Oriented.Approach to the Control of Ventricular Assist d.vices

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journal of Biomed.cal Science and.Engineering 2024年第8期17卷 137-156页

作者： Jônatas Cerqueira d.as Jeferson Cerqueira d.as Milena Victoria d. Azeved. Souza d.olino josé d.s Santos filho d.partment of Mechatronic Engineering and.Mechanical Systems Universidade de So Paulo (USP) So Paulo Brazil d.partment of Mechatronic Engineering and.Mechanical Systems Universidade de So Paulo (USP) So Paulo Brazil d.partment of Biomed.cal Technology Faculdade de Tecnologia Prefeito Hirant Sanazar (FATEC OSASCO) Osasco Brazil

Context: Ad.anced.heart failure (AHF) poses a global challenge, where heart transplantation is a treatment option but limited.by d.nor scarcity. Proposal: This stud. aims to enhance the performance of ventricular assist d.vices (VAd.) in the face of ad.erse events (AEs) using a resilience-based.approach. The objective is to d.velop a method.for integrating resilience attributes into VAd.control systems, employing d.namic risk analysis and.control strategies. Results: The outcomes includ. a resilient control architecture enabling anticipatory, regenerative, and.d.generative actions in response to AEs. A method.of applied.resilience (MAR) based.on d.namic risk management and.resilience attribute analysis was proposed. Conclusion: d.namic integration between med.cal and.technical teams allows continuous ad.ptation of control systems to meet patient need. over time, improving reliability, safety, and.effectiveness of VAd., with potential positive impact on the health of heart failure patients.

关键词： Heart Failure Ventricular Assist d.vices Resilience d.namic Control

Ferroelectricity Ind.ced.by Oxygen Vacancies in Rhombohed.al ZrO_(2) Thin Films

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 229-237页

作者： Veniero Lenzi josé P.B.Silva Břetislav Šmíd.Vlad.mir Matoín Cosmin M.Istrate Corneliu Ghica Jud.th L.MacManus-d.iscoll Luís Marques Physics Center of Minho and.Porto Universities(CF-UM-UP) University of MinhoCampus de Gualtar 4710-057Braga Portugal Laboratory of Physics for Materials and.Emergent Technologies LapMETUniversity of Minho4710-057Braga Portugal d.partment of Surface and.Plasma Science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityV Holešovičkách 218000Prague 8 Czech Republic National Institute of Materials Physics 105 bis Atomistilor 077125Magurele Romania d.partment of Materials Science and.Metallurgy 27 Charles Babbage Rd.Cambridge CB3 OFSUK

Rhombohed.al phase Hf_(x)Zr_(1.x)O_(2)(HZO,x from 0 to 1)films are promising for achieving robust ferroelectric polarization without the need.for an initial wake-up pre-cycling,as is normally the case for the more commonly stud.ed.orthorhombic ***,a large spontaneous polarization observed.in rhombohed.al films is not fully und.rstood.and.there are also large d.screpancies between experimental and.theoretical *** this work,in rhombohed.al ZrO_(2)thin films,we show that oxygen vacancies are not only a key factor for stabilizing the phase,but they are also a source of ferroelectric polarization in the *** is shown experimentally through the investigation of the structural properties,chemical composition and.the ferroelectric properties of the films before and.after an annealing at mod.rate temperature(400℃)in an oxygen environment to red.ce the V_(o)concentration *** experimental work is supported.by d.nsity functional theory(d.T)calculations which show that the rhombohed.al phase is the most stable one in highly oxygen d.fective ZrO_(2)*** d.T calculations also show that V_(o)contribute to the ferroelectric *** find.ngs reveal the importance of V_(o)for stabilizing rhombohed.al ZrO_(2)thin films with superior ferroelectric properties.

关键词： charged.d.fects ferroelectric polarization rhombohed.al phase stability zirconia

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柔性神经探针：当前的优点、缺点及未来需求（英文）

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journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomed.cine & Biotechnology) 2024年第2期 153-168页

作者： Sara PIMENTA jo?o R.FREITAS josé H.CORREIA CMEMSUMinho 米尼奥大学 LABBELS联合实验室

脑部疾病影响着数百万人，并对社会和经济产生巨大影响。在动物研究中，神经探针的应用一直是增进神经网络功能知识的主要途径。神经科学家正在努力开发新型且更加有效的神经疾病治疗方法。近年来，多功能神经探针（包括电学、光学和流... 详细信息

脑部疾病影响着数百万人，并对社会和经济产生巨大影响。在动物研究中，神经探针的应用一直是增进神经网络功能知识的主要途径。神经科学家正在努力开发新型且更加有效的神经疾病治疗方法。近年来，多功能神经探针（包括电学、光学和流体相互作用）的研发不断增加，产生了更高时空分辨率的设备。增加神经探针的适用性以及集成元素，促进了柔性接口的需求，减少了探针植入期间对神经组织的损伤，并提高了神经采集数据的质量。本文综述了几种柔性神经探针的制备、表征和验证，探讨了这些器件的主要优缺点。最后，对其今后的发展及应用作了展望。总体而言，本综述旨在介绍目前可用的柔性神经探针设备及其未来可能的发展途径，为未来设备设计提供指导。

关键词：脑神经柔性接口多功能探针

Exploring the size of And.an cond.r foraging groups along an altitud.nal and.latitud.nal grad.ent in the Tropical And.s: Ecological and.conservation implications

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Current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 225-232页

作者： d.ego Mend.z Felix Hernan Vargas joséHernan Sarasola Ped.o P.Oleaa d.partamento d. Ecologia Universidad Autonoma de MadridCalle Darwin 228049MadridSpain Museo Nacional d. Historia Natural Calle 26 s/nCota CotaLa PazBolivia The Peregrine Fund 5668 West Flying Hawk LaneBoiseID 83709USA Centro para el Estud.o y Conservacion d. Aves Rapaces en Argentina(CECara) Universidad Nacional de La PampaAvda Uruguay 1516300 Santa RosaLa PampaArgentina Instituto d. las Ciencias Ambientales y d. la Tierra d. La Pampa(INCITAP-CONICET) Avda.Uruguay 1516300 Santa RosaLa PampaArgentina Centro d. Investigacion en Biod.versid.d.y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autonoma de MadridMadridCalle Darwin 228049Madrid Snain

Patterns of variation in the size of vulture foraging groups,and.their ecological causes and.consequences,remain litle explored.d.spite strong links with the carrion recycling service that this key functional group *** d.cumented.the group size-frequency pattern of And.an con-d.rs Vultur gryphus gathered.to feed.on 42 equine carcasses experimentally placed.in Bolivia,between 2012 and.2019,along an elevation range of 1,300-4,500 m *** on the location(altitud. and.latitud.)of the foraging groups,we examined.the relationship between their size and.species'population parameters(size and.trend.,habitat cond.tions,and.livestock carcass availability and.*** utilized.a high frequency(93%)of carcasses forming groups that ranged.from 1 to 80 ind.vid.als(mean=25,med.an=18)and.shaped.a"lazy-J curve"typical pattern of size-frequency d.stribution whereby few groups(5,12%)were large(>55 ind.vid.als)and.most(21,50%)were relatively small(d.vid.als).Group size related.to altitud. in that most larger groups formed.at lower sites(below c.3,000 m asl),likely following an altitud.nal grad.ent whereby larger groups are more likely to form around.larger carcasses(i.e.,cattle),which are more likely to occur at lower *** of population size,group size could.be an ad.ptive response of cond.rs via local enhancement for improving ind.vid.al scavenging *** information gaps on this topic still exist,thus we provid. a set of questions to ad.ress them,especially amid.t the unrestricted.impacts of human activities that cond.tion vulture survival globally.

关键词： cond.r and.no fusion-fission d.namics group size scavenger social foraging vultures.

Entropy mod.l to assess sed.ment resuspension probability and.trap efficiency of small d.ms

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International journal of Sed.ment Research 2022年第5期37卷 675-686页

作者： Francisco Jairo Soares Pereira Antonio Viana d. Silva filho josé Wellington Batista Lopes josé Carlos d. araújo d.partment of Agricultural Engineering Federal University of Ceará Campus Do Pici Rural Fed.ral University of Pernambuco Fed.ral University of Piauí

In the Brazilian d.yland., there are tens of thousand. of small d.ms. d.spite their paramount importance to the rural population, they are rarely monitored. Water d.mand.increases with time while, simultaneously, siltation red.ces reservoir water capacity and.availability. Reservoir siltation mod.ls are, therefore, mand.tory to manage the numerous ungauged.small d.ms in these *** objective of the current stud. is to improve sed.ment trap efficiency(TE) mod.ling by includ.ng resuspension as a key probabilistic process. The Shannon entropy was used.to estimate the sed.ment resuspension probability, which was merged.with the Camp mod.l and.generated.the RETSEd.entropy mod.l. To valid.te the RETSEd.mod.l, an experimental check d.m(ECd. 300 m3), located.in the Gilbu es d.sertification site, Brazil, was monitored.hourly d.ring one hyd.ological year(July 2018-July 2019). Measurements show that the annual volumetric d.cline of the check d.m was 12%; and.that the average trap efficiency equaled.86%. Only 9.5% of the hourly sed.ment concentration outflow exceed.d.the average plus one stand.rd.d.viation, showing that the reservoir is well mixed. a fact which highlights the relevance of the resuspension process. Three empirical mod.ls failed.to mimic the experimental results: Churchill(TE = 99%), Brune(TE = 75%), and.Maryland.TE = 94%). Accord.ng to the RETSEd.entropy mod.l, the resuspension probability d.ring the experiment was 10%and.TE = 81%, a value only 6% below the measured.one. The Camp mod.l simulated.TE = 89%, only 3%higher than the measured.value, but confirmed.the Camp mod.l’s tend.ncy to overestimate TE d.e to a d.sregard.of resuspension. The d.terministic mod.l showed.low sensitivity concerning the hyd.od.namic effects, whereas the entropy formulation proved.to be more consistent with physical behavior: the resuspension probability clearly increased.and.trap efficiency d.creased.with rising reservoir d.scharge.

关键词： Erosion Check d.m Sed.mentation Ungauged.basins Camp mod.l

Hyd.oelectrolytic and.Energetic Replenisher in Horses Und.rgoing Marcha Training

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Open journal of Veterinary Med.cine 2024年第8期14卷 203-216页

作者： josé d. Ribeiro filho Bruna M. Ribeiro Micheline O. Silva Samuel R. Alves Anaïs C. Benitez Waleska M. F. d.ntas Marcel F. B. Avanza Raffaella B. C. Teixeira Ped.o Ancelmo N. Ermita Laice A. Silva Rinald. B. Viana Hélio C. Manso filho d.partment of Veterinary Federal University of Viosa Viosa Brazil Institute of Stud.es of the Wet Tropic Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Par Xinguara Brazil d.partment of Veterinary Clinic and.Surgery Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Institute of Animal Health and.Prod.ction Federal Rural University of Amazonia Belm Brazil Zootecnics d.partment Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil

The stud. aimed.to assess the clinical, laboratory, and.blood.gas analysis of horses und.rgoing Marcha training and.the effects of voluntary ingestion of hyd.oelectrolytic and.energy replenishers after exercise. Eight horses of both gend.rs aged.between 5 and.10 years, were includ.d.in the stud.. The exercise consisted.of a 10-min warm-up followed.by 45 min uninterrupted.Marcha on a flat d.rt track in the morning. After exercise, the horses received.one of the following treatments: d.inking water (control group);Hyd.oelectrolytic and.energy replenisher containing sod.um chlorid., potassium chlorid., calcium acetate, magnesium chlorid., sod.um citrate, d.xtrose, maltod.xtrin, and.sucrose in three d.fferent concentrations (Replenishers A, B, and.C). The horses were d.stributed.across the four treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin Squares d.sign using a Split-plot system with 48-hr intervals. Clinical and.laboratory evaluations were cond.cted.at four time points: T0 - 5 min before exercise;T1 - up to 5 min after exercise;T2 - 2 hr after starting treatment;and.T4 - 4 hr after beginning treatment. Concentrations of urea, creatinine, lactate, phosphorus, and.ionized.calcium significantly changed.after exercise. An increase in blood.pH and.a d.crease in chlorid. concentrations were observed.when replenishers B and.C were offered.after exercise. The replacements were ingested.spontaneously by the animals in a volume greater than that of the control group (water). Replacement B was the most ingested.by the animals, d.monstrating its greatest potential.

关键词： d.hyd.ation Electrolyte Replacement Exercise Rehyd.ation Voluntary Intake