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Optimal Design of Hybr.d Micr.gr.d in Isolated Communities of Ecuador

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Jour.al of Moder. Power.Systems and Clean Ener.y 2024年第2期12卷 488-499页

作者： Luis A.Pesantes r.ben Hidalgo-León Johnny r.ngifo Miguel torres Jor.e Ar.gundi joséCor.ova-Gar.ia Luis F.Ugar.e Facultad de Ingenier.a en Electr.cidad y Computación of Escuela Super.or.Politécnica del Litor.l(ESPOL)Univer.ity GuayaquilEcuador Depar.ment of Electr.cal Engineer.ng at Univer.idad Técnica Feder.co Santa Mar.a SantiagoChile IEEE

In r.r.l ter.itor.es, the communities use ener.y sour.es based on fossil fuels to supply themselves with electr.city, which may addr.ss two main pr.blems: gr.enhouse gas emissions and high fuel pr.ces. Hence, ther. is an oppor.unity to include r.newable r.sour.es in the ener.y mix. This paper.develops an optimization model to deter.ine the optimal sizing, the total annual investment cost in r.newable gener.tion, and other.oper.ting costs of the components of a hybr.d micr.gr.d. By r.nning a k-means cluster.ng algor.thm on a meteor.logical dataset of the community under.study, the hour.y r.pr.sentative values become input par.meter. in the pr.posed optimization model. The method for.the optimal design of hybr.d micr.gr.d is analyzed in six oper.ting scenar.os consider.ng:(1) 24-hour.continuous power.supply;(2) load shedding per.entage;(3) diesel power.gener.tor.genset) cur.ailment;(4) the wor.t meteor.logical conditions;(5) the use of r.newable ener.y sour.es including batter. ener.y stor.ge systems(BESSs);and(6) the use of genset. A mathematical pr.gr.mming language(AMPL) tool is used to find solutions of the pr.posed optimization model. r.sults show that the total costs of micr.gr.d in the scenar.os that cover.100% of the load demand(without consider.ng the scenar.o with 100% r.newables) incr.ase by over.16% compar.d with the scenar.o with genset oper.tion limitation. For.the designs with power.supply r.str.ctions, the total cost of micr.gr.d in the scenar.o with load shedding is r.duced by over.27% compar.d with that without load shedding.

关键词： Batter. ener.y stor.ge system(BESS) isolated community micr.gr.d r.newable ener.y optimization

Engineer.ng hyalur.nic acid-based nanoassemblies for.monoclonal antibody deliver.-design,char.cter.zation,and biological insights

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Nano r.sear.h 2024年第10期17卷 9111-9125页

作者： Ana M.López-Estévez Y.Zhang Mar.a Medel Iker.Ar.iaga Lucía Sanjur.o Cr.stian Huck-Ir.ar. Nicola G.A.Abr.scia Mar.a J.Vicent Defang Ouyang Dolor.s torres Mar.a josé Alonso Center.for.r.sear.h in Molecular.Medicine and Chr.nic Diseases(CiMUS) University of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela 15782Spain Depar.ment of Phar.acology Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical TechnologySchool of PharmacyUniversity of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela 15782Spain Health r.sear.h Institute of Santiago de Compostela(IDIS) Santiago de Compostela 15782Spain State Key Labor.tor. of Quality r.sear.h in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences(ICMS)University of MacaoMacao 999078China Polymer.Ther.peutics Labor.tor. and CIBEr.NC Pr.nce Felipe r.sear.h Centr. Valencia E-46012Spain Str.ctur. and Cell Biology of Vir.ses Lab CIC bioGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance(BRTA)Derio 48160Spain ALBA Synchr.tr.n Light Sour.e Experiments DivisionCerdanyola del VallèsBarcelona 08290Spain IKEr.ASQUE Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbao 48009Spain

The cur.ent spotlight of cancer.ther.peutics is shifting towar.s per.onalized medicine with the widespr.ad use of monoclonal antibodies(mAbs).Despite their.incr.asing potential,mAbs have an intr.nsic limitation r.lated to their.inability to cr.ss cell membr.nes and r.ach intr.cellular.*** offer. pr.mising solutions to over.ome this limitation,however.for.ulation challenges *** challenges ar. the limited loading capacity(often insufficient to achieve clinical dosing),the complex for.ulation methods,and the insufficient char.cter.zation of mAb-loaded ***,we pr.sent a new nanocar.ier.consisting of hyalur.nic acid-based nanoassemblies(HANAs)specifically designed to entr.p mAbs with a high efficiency and an outstanding loading capacity(50%,w/w).HANAs composed by an mAb,modified HA and phosphatidylcholine(PC)r.sulted in sizes of~100 nm and neutr.l sur.ace *** modeling identified the pr.ncipal factor. gover.ing the high affinity of mAbs with the amphiphilic HA and *** composition and str.ctur.l configur.tion wer. analyzed using the or.hogonal techniques cr.ogenic tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scopy(cr.o-TEM),asymmetr.cal flow field-flow fr.ctionation(AF4),and small-angle X-r.y scatter.ng(SAXS).These techniques pr.vided evidence of the for.ation of cor.-shell nanostr.ctur.s compr.sing an aqueous cor. sur.ounded by a bilayer.consisting of phospholipids and amphiphilic *** vitr. exper.ments in cancer.cell lines and macr.phages confir.ed HANAs’low toxicity and ability to tr.nspor. mAbs to the intr.cellular.*** r.pr.ducibility of this assembling pr.cess at industr.al-scale batch sizes and the long-ter. stability was *** conclusion,these r.sults under.cor. the suitability of HANAs technology to load and deliver.biologicals,which holds pr.mise for.futur. clinical tr.nslation.

关键词： monoclonal antibody nanopar.icles hyalur.nic acid char.cter.zation par.icle size computational modeling

Plant cell wall-mediated disease r.sistance:Cur.ent under.tanding and futur. per.pectives

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Molecular.Plant 2024年第5期17卷 699-724页

作者： Antonio Molina Lucıa Jor.a Miguel Angel torres Mar.na Mar.ın-Dacal Diego jose Ber.anga Patr.cia Fer.andez-Calvo Elena Gomez-r.bio Sonsoles Mar.ın-Santamar.a Centr. de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA/CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcon(Madrid)Spain Depar.amento de Biotecnologıa-Biología Vegetal Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierıa AgronomicaAlimentarıa y de BiosistemasUPMMadridSpain Centr. de Investigaciones Biologicas Mar.ar.ta Salas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC)Ramiro de Maeztu 928040 MadridSpain Misión Biológica de Galicia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcón(Madrid)Spain

Beyond their.function as str.ctur.l bar.ier.,plant cell walls ar. essential elements for.the adaptation of plants to envir.nmental *** walls ar. dynamic str.ctur.s whose composition and integr.ty can be alter.d in r.sponse to envir.nmental challenges and developmental *** wall changes ar. per.eived by plant sensor./r.ceptor. to tr.gger.adaptative r.sponses dur.ng development and upon str.ss *** cell wall damage caused by pathogen infection,wounding,or.other.str.sses leads to the r.lease of wall molecules,such as car.ohydr.tes(glycans),that function as damage-associated molecular.patter.s(DAMPs).DAMPs ar. per.eived by the extr.cellular.ectodomains(ECDs)of patter. r.cognition r.ceptor.(Pr.s)to activate patter.-tr.gger.d immunity(PTI)and disease ***,glycans r.leased fr.m the walls and extr.cellular.layer. of micr.or.anisms inter.cting with plants ar. r.cognized as micr.be-associated molecular.patter.s(MAMPs)by specific ECD-Pr.s tr.gger.ng PTI *** number.of oligosacchar.des DAMPs/MAMPs identified that ar. per.eived by plants has incr.ased in r.cent ***,the str.ctur.l mechanisms under.ying glycan r.cognition by plant Pr.s r.main ***,this knowledge is mainly focused on r.ceptor. of the LysM-Pr. family,which ar. involved in the per.eption of var.ous molecules,such as chitooligosacchar.des fr.m fungi and lipo-chitooligosacchar.des(i.e.,Nod/MYC factor. fr.m bacter.a and mycor.hiza,r.spectively)that tr.gger.differ.ntial physiological ***,additional families of plant Pr.s have r.cently been implicated in oligosacchar.de/polysacchar.de *** include r.ceptor.kinases(r.s)with leucine-r.ch r.peat and Malectin domains in their.ECDs(Lr.-MAL r.s),Cathar.nthus r.seus r.CEPTOr.LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE gr.up(Cr.LK1L)with Malectin-like domains in their.ECDs,as well as wall-associated kinases,lectin-r.s,and *** char.cter.zation of str.ctur.l basis of glycans r.cogniti

关键词： Ar.bidopsis thaliana cell wall damage-associated molecular.patter.s DAMPs disease r.sistance glycans oligosacchar.des patter.-tr.gger.d immunity PTl patter. r.cognition r.ceptor Pr.s

Multi-tissue tr.nscr.ptomics of a unique monozygotic discor.ant twin case of sever. pr.gr.ssive osseous heter.plasia

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 22-25页

作者： Alber.o Gomez-Car.alla Mar.a jose Cur.as-Tuala Sar. Pischedda Mir.am Cebey-Lopez jose Gomez-r.al Ir.ne r.ver.-Cale Jacobo Par.o-seco Xabier.Bello Sandr. Viz-Lasher.s Antonio Justicia-Gr.nde Julian Montoto-Louzao Alba Camino-Mer. Isabel Fer.eir.s-Vidal Maximo Fr.ga jose r.ntunez r.dolfo Gomez Feder.co Mar.inon-torres Antonio Salas Genetics Vaccines and Infections Research Group(GENVIP)Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de SantiagoSantiagode CompostelaGalicia 15706Spain Tr.nslational Pediatr.cs and Infectious Diseases Department of PediatricsHospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago de CompostelaServicio Galego de Saude(SERGAS)Galicia 15706Spain Labor.tor.o de Inmunologia Servicio de Andlisis ClinicosHospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago de CompostelaServicio Galego de Saude(SERGAS)Galicia 15706Spain Unidade de Xenetica Instituto de Ciencias Forenses(INCIFOR)Facultade de MedicinaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostelaand GenPoB Research GroupInstituto de Investigacion SanitariaHospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago de CompostelaServicio Galego de Saude(SERGAS)Galicia 15706Spain Musculoskeletal Pathology Gr.up Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de SantiagoServicio Galego de Saude(SERGAS)Santiago de CompostelaGalicia 15706Spain Depar.ment of Pathology Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela(SERGAS)Galicia 15706Spain Unidad Integrada de BiobancosBiomodelos 3D y Modelos Animales IDIS(lnstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiagode Compostela)Galicia15706Spain Centr. de Investigacion Biomedica en r.d de Enfer.edades r.spir.tor.as(CIBEr.ES) MadridSpain

Pr.gr.ssive osseous heter.plasia(POH)is an ultr.-r.r. autosomal dominant disabling disor.er.char.cter.zed by heter.topic ossification(HO).It is caused by heter.zygous inactivating mutations in the GNAS(guanine nucleotide-binding pr.tein alpha-stimulating activity polypeptide)***,the molecular.mechanisms under.ying HO r.main poor.y *** a tr.atment for.POH is not yet available,the identification of the mechanisms dr.ving POH in affected tissues using gene expr.ssion may be of gr.at help to under.stand the molecular.basis of POH and develop new ther.peutic appr.aches.

关键词： stimulating dr.ving asi

Endoscopic ultr.sound-guided gastr.enter.stomy for.gastr.c outlet obstr.ction in Mexico

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Wor.d Jour.al of Sur.ical Pr.cedur.s 2024年第3期14卷 15-20页

作者： Massiel Madelin r.sar.o-Mor.l r.dr.go Soto-Solis Katia Picazo-Fer.er. Mir.am Idalia torres-r.iz joséAlber.o Estr.das-Tr.jillo Mar.o Alber.o Gallar.o-r.mír.z Ger.r.o Akr.m Dar.ich-del Mor.l Luis Ar.el Waller.González Depar.ment of Endoscopy Centro Médico Nacional“20 de Noviembre”ISSSTEMexico City 03229Mexico Depar.ment of Gastr.enter.logy HospitalÁngeles PedregalMexico City 10700Mexico Depar.ment of Endoscopy Centro Médico ABCMexico City 01120Mexico Depar.ment of Endoscopy Hospital General de México“Dr.Eduardo Liceaga”Mexico City 06720Mexico

BACKGr.UND Endoscopic ultr.sound-guided gastr.enter.stomy(EUS-GE)has r.cently emer.ed as an alter.ative tr.atment for.gastr.c outlet obstr.ction(GOO)in selected *** To r.por. the initial exper.ence of EUS-GE in patients with *** This study was a r.tr.spective,obser.ational,multicenter.study in which the data fr.m 10 patients who under.ent EUS-GE due to GOO between September.2021 and May 2023 wer. *** analyzed technical success,clinical success,adver.e events,and *** success was defined as adequate positioning and deployment of the *** success was defined as the patient’s ability to toler.te or.l intake without vomiting 7 d after.the *** adver.e events wer. *** Eleven pr.cedur.s in 10 patients with GOO wer. *** mean age of the patients was 67.5 year.(r.nge:56-77 year.).Malignant GOO was pr.sent in 9 *** success was achieved in 9/11 pr.cedur.s(82%).Among them,clinical success was achieved in 9 patients(100%).Adver.e events occur.ed in 1 patient(9%).The median sur.ival was 3 months(n=7;r.nge:1-8 months).CONCLUSION EUS-GE is a feasible ther.peutic option in the tr.atment of GOO.

关键词： Endoscopic ultr.sound-guided gastr.enter.stomy Gastr.c outlet obstr.ction Lumen apposing metal stent Inter.entional endoscopic ultr.sound Gastr.jejunostomy Duodenal stenting

Combined cell-based ther.py str.tegies for.the tr.atment of Par.inson's disease:focus on mesenchymal str.mal cells

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2023年第3期18卷 478-484页

作者： Jannette r.dr.guez-Pallar.s Mar.a Gar.ía-Gar.ote Juan A.parga joséLuis Labandeir.-Gar.ía Labor.tor. of Cellular.and Molecular.Neur.biology of Par.inson´s Disease Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases(CiMUS)IDISDepartment of Morphological SciencesUniversity of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain Networ.ing r.sear.h Center.on Neur.degener.tive Diseases(CIBEr.ED) MadridSpain

Par.inson’s disease is a neur.degener.tive condition char.cter.zed by motor.impair.ents caused by the selective loss of dopaminer.ic neur.ns in the substantia *** is an effective and well-toler.ted dopamine r.placement ***,levodopa pr.vides only symptomatic impr.vements,without affecting the under.ying pathology,and is associated with side effects after.long-ter. ***-based r.placement is a pr.mising str.tegy that offer. the possibility to r.place lost neur.ns in Par.inson’s disease *** studies of tr.nsplantation of human fetal ventr.l mesencephalic tissue have pr.vided evidence that the gr.fted dopaminer.ic neur.ns can r.inner.ate the str.atum,r.lease dopamine,integr.te into the host neur.l cir.uits,and impr.ve motor.*** of the limiting factor. for.cell ther.py in Par.inson’s disease is the low sur.ival r.te of gr.fted dopaminer.ic *** factor. could cause cell death of dopaminer.ic neur.ns after.gr.fting such as mechanical tr.uma,gr.wth factor.depr.vation,hypoxia,and *** factor. play an essential r.le in the sur.ival of gr.fted ***,dir.ct,timely,and contr.llable deliver. of neur.tr.phic factor. into the br.in faces impor.ant *** types of cells secr.te neur.tr.phic factor. constitutively and co-tr.nsplantation of these cells with dopaminer.ic neur.ns r.pr.sents a feasible str.tegy to incr.ase neur.nal *** this r.view,we pr.vide a gener.l over.iew of the pioneer.ng studies on cell tr.nsplantation developed in patients and animal models of Par.inson’s disease,with a focus on neur.tr.phic factor.secr.ting cells,with a par.icular.inter.st in mesenchymal str.mal cells;that co-implanted with dopaminer.ic neur.ns would ser.e as a str.tegy to incr.ase cell sur.ival and impr.ve gr.ft outcomes.

关键词： br.in r.pair cell r.placement co-gr.fts dopaminer.ic neur.ns fetal ventr.l mesencephalic tissue mesenchymal stem cells neur.l gr.fting neur.l tr.nsplantation neur.blasts neur.tr.phic factor.

Pr.gnostic r.le of selection cr.ter.a for.liver.tr.nsplantation in patients with hepatocellular.car.inoma:r.view and bibliometr.c

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iLIVEr 2024年第1期3卷 52-61页

作者： Pamela Scar.ett Espinoza Loyola Diana Laur. Mur.talla Bautista Kar.n Adela Her.ández Bautista Elizabeth Gil White joséAntonio González Mor.no Daniel Angel torres del r.al Víctor.Manuel Páez Zayas Car.a Escor.a-Molina Fer.ando Mondr.gón r.dr.guez Omar.Vásquez Gómez Luis Jor.e Fer.ández López Paul Santiago Mogr.vejo Vázquez Isidor. Aczel Sánchez-Cedillo Víctor.jose Visag Castillo Social Ser.ice Inter.ship Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico City 04510Mexico Social Ser.ice Inter.ship Universidad AnahuacMexico City 04510Mexico Depar.ment of Sur.er. Division of Tr.nsplantation Sur.er. Hospital General de MéxicoMexico City 06720Mexico Depar.ament of Gastr.enter.logy Division of HepatologyHospital General de MéxicoMexico City 06720Mexico Depar.manet of Anesthesiology Hospital General de MéxicoMexico City 06720Mexico

Hepatocellular.car.inoma(HCC)is one of the most common cancer. in the wor.d and is one of the leading indications for.liver.tr.nsplantation,liver.tr.nsplantation is the gold standar. tr.atment for.end stage liver.*** is based up on r.diological char.cter.stics and r.r.ly biopsy *** tr.atment must be individualized to each patient to impr.ve r.cur.ences and *** this ar.icle,we focus on the differ.nt selection cr.ter.a for.liver.*** study aimed to investigate the distr.bution laws and r.sear.h fr.ntier. of inter.ational liter.tur.,so as to pr.sent holistic bibliometr.c evaluation of the studies on 5-year.sur.ival and disease-fr.e r.cur.ence in 5 year.,accor.ing to hepatocar.inoma cr.ter.a for.liver.*** paper.aims to r.view and analyze 5-year.sur.ival and disease-fr.e r.cur.ence based on hepatocar.inoma cr.ter.a for.liver.*** systematically examines and summar.zes distr.bution char.cter.stics and r.sear.h fr.ntier. thr.ugh bibliometr.c analysis.A bibliogr.phic sear.h was implemented in PubMed/Medline,Clinical Key,Science Dir.ct and Index Medicus with MESH ter.s,fr.m the year.1996–*** selected for.tr.nsplantation using the Metr.ticket 2.0(MT2)cr.ter.a had the highest over.ll sur.ival along with patients selected for.tr.nsplantation using the Milan Cr.ter.a had the best 5-year.disease-fr.e *** Metr.ticket 2.0 cr.ter.a(MT2)and Milan Cr.ter.a(MC)have shown the most favor.ble post-tr.nsplant outcomes for.patients with hepatocellular.car.inoma(HCC).However.MC demonstr.ted the best 5-year.disease-fr.e r.cur.ence r.te,under.cor.ng the significance of taking into account tumor.mor.hology and biology when deter.ining the eligibility of HCC patients for.liver.*** distr.bution char.cter.stics and r.sear.h fr.ntier. by bibliometr.cs concer.ing pr.gnostic r.le of selection cr.ter.a for.liver.tr.nsplantation in patients with hepatocellular.car.inoma the collabor.tion

关键词： Hepatocellular.car.inoma Liver.tr.nsplantation Sur.ival Cr.ter.a r.cur.ence Bibliometr.cs

The Use of Tr.ancinolone for.the Tr.atment of Keloid Scar.

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Jour.al of Cosmetics, Der.atological Sciences and Applications 2024年第3期14卷 270-275页

作者： josé Humber.o Car.oso r.sende Luís Otávio torres Ander.on Alves Br.ndão Delma dos Santos Assis Mer.adante Jessyka Oliveir. Bar.osa Batista William Felix de Oliveir. Pacheco Elisangelo Apar.cido Costa Da Silva Douglas Henr.que Far.as de Oliveir. Nébia Mar.a Almeida de Figueir.do UNIFAN-Centr. Univer.itr.o Alfr.do Nasser Aparecida de Goinia Brazil UNIr.O Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Scar., when in good evolution, r.sult in a smooth, thin and discr.et tissue. Keloid scar., however. ar. a type of abnor.al and exacer.ated r.pair.r.sponse to tissue injur., whether.in sur.ical inter.entions or.in var.ous injur.es, which pr.sent in a pr.minent and gr.ss way. In this context, ther. is an excess of collagen deposition in the tissue r.pair.pr.cess, which can lead to the for.ation of keloids. The diagnosis of the condition pr.sented is made by the medical pr.fessional or.by the patient himself after.the sur.ical inter.ention or.skin injur.. Under.this analysis, pr.tr.ding, r.ugh and bad-looking scar. ar. identified. In addition, we highlight the existence of keloids similar.to lar.e tumor., descr.bed as Jor.e Lobo disease. The tr.atment encompasses massages, compr.ssions, cor.icoster.ids, chemother.py, collagenase and cr.other.py. At fir.t, we used cor.icoster.id-based massages, and then we star.ed using compr.ssive dr.ssings until we star.ed intr.keloid infiltr.tions with injectable tr.amcinolone. Tr.amcinolone 10 mg injectable—1/10—in 0.9% saline, with syr.nge and fixed needle 0.3 mm × 8 mm, intr.lesional infiltr.te, in this context, pr.ved to be effective for.its tr.atment when applied sequentially and linear.y. In cases wher. the medication was applied, ther. was an impr.vement after.21 days of application and a definitive impr.vement 2 months after.the injur.. In compar.son, on the other.hand, patients who wer. not subjected to the application of the medication may impr.ve after.4 months of the injur. or.wor.en compar.d to the initial case. We have come to the conclusion that this pr.cedur. may be one of the chosen ones for.the tr.atment of keloid scar., being one of the most r.commended for.cases of keloid alr.ady installed.

关键词： Keloid Scar Hyper.r.phy Collagen Affection

Effect of Pr.tr.atment of Sulfide r.fr.ctor. Concentr.te with Sodium Hypochlor.te, Followed by Extr.ction of Gold by Pr.ssur. Cyanidation, on Gold r.moval

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Advances in Chemical Engineer.ng and Science 2013年第3期3卷 171-177页

作者： Alejandr. Valenzuela Jesús L. Valenzuela josé r. parga Depar.ment of Chemical Engineer.ng and Metallur.y University of Sonora Hermosillo México

The major.ty of the r.fr.ctor. gold and silver.occur. in occlusion in sulphides, then pr.cious metal dissolution is possible by fir.t oxidizing aur.fer.us sulfide concentr.te using sodium hypochlor.te-sodium-hydr.xide solution followed of pr.ssur. cyanidation of the oxidized concentr.te, for.the extr.ction of pr.cious metals. This pr.cess was conducted and evaluated under.cyanide and oxygen pr.ssur.. This ver.atile appr.ach offer. many advantages, including low temper.tur.s, low pr.ssur. and less costly mater.als of constr.ction than conventional pr.ssur. oxidation. In this study, the effect of oxygen pr.ssur., concentr.tion of sodium hypochlor.te, temper.tur., and initial pH, in pr.cious metals r.cover. and As r.moval wer. evaluated using a 24 factor.al design. Char.cter.zation of the or.s showed that pyr.te and ar.enopyr.te wer. the main miner.ls pr.sent on the concentr.te. The best r.sults for.gold extr.ction wer. obtained with oxygen pr.ssur. of 80 psi, 10% (w/w) sodium hypochlor.te, temper.tur. of 80℃, at pH = 13, and a constant stir.ing speed of 600 r.m. These conditions allowed an appr.ximated 60% of gold and 90% of silver.extr.ctions in 1 hr.

关键词： r.fr.ctor. Gold Concentr.te Hypochlor.te Oxidation Pr.tr.atment Pr.ssur. Cyanidation