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Association between Infrared Thermography, Blood Count and Creatine Kinase in the Evaluation of the Welfare of Vaquejada Horses

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2023年第6期13卷 53-67页

作者： Carolina Jones Ferreira Lima da Silva Keity Laiane Gomes Trindade Raissa Karolliny Salgueiro Cruz César Fabiano Vilela Clarisse Simões Coelho josé dantas ribeiro filho Helena Emília Cavalcanti da Costa Cordeiro Manso Hélio Cordeiro Manso filho Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife Brazil Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Centro Universitário Cesmac Maceió Brazil Médico Veterinário Privado Americana Brazil Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias Lisboa Portugal Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Vi&#231osa Vi&#231osa Brazil

The Quarter-Horses regularly participate in non-traditional sports that simulate activities on cattle ranches. In the vaquejada races, the horses run at about 30 km/h, reaching maximum heart rates of around 200 bpm, indicating the great physical effort during competitions and with that could impact welfare. To test the hypothesis that vaquejada horses can be evaluated for the quality of welfare through a combination of non-invasive and invasive methods, an experiment was developed that aimed to assess the quality of welfare through thermography and blood biomarkers before and after vaquejada races. Ten vaquejada horses, which were in regular competition, were submitted to the vaquejadas racing test were used. Thermography was performed in 14 regions of interest (head, neck and thorax) in the following phases: pre-race and +1, +4 and +24 hours of the races. Blood samples were collected in pre-race, immediately after and +1, +4 and +24 hours of the races. Results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test, with p set at 5%. Thermography showed that local temperatures before the race and +24 hours after the races were similar (p > 0.05), as well as between +1 and +4 hours after the races (p > 0.05), which showed higher surface temperatures than the first group (pre-race and +24 hours) (p 0.05) after the exercises. In conclusion, the vaquejada horses evaluated by infrared thermography and blood analyses maintained the quality of well-being, with the physiological elevation of several parameters after the races and recovery in less than 24 hours after the races. Thermographic images were also able to help in the analysis of the regions of interest that have contact with harnesses, demonstrating that the use of adequate and correct equipment does not compromise animal welfare.

关键词： Exercise Equine CK Hematology Equestrian Sports Well-Being

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The Behavioral Repertoire of Cattle Used for Vaquejada Races Does Not Indicate Chronic Stress in Transport and Races

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2024年第11期14卷 305-319页

作者： Raíssa Karolliny Salgueiro Cruz Carla Rayane dos Santos Isabella Cavalcante Costa Diego Barbosa de Freitas Muriel Magda Lustosa Pimentel César Fabiano Vilela Helena Emília Cavalcanti da Costa Cordeiro Manso josé dantas ribeiro filho Helio Cordeiro Manso filho Faculdade de Medicina Veterinria Centro Universitrio Cesmac Macei AL Brazil Private Veterinarian Londrina PR Brazil Independent Researcher Americana SP Brazil Ncleo de Pesquisa Equina Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) Recife PE Brazil Departamento de Medicina Veterinria Universidade Federal de Viosa Viosa MG Brazil

There is little information about the bovine behavior and welfare during transportation and vaquejada race competitions. To test the hypothesis that the transport and racing of bovines produce chronic stress during these events, a study was performed to evaluate the behavior of bovines used for vaquejada races. Evaluations of cattle (n = 80) occurred on transportation (before, immediately, and 8 hours after transportation), and three days at Vaquejada Park (1 hour before, immediately, and 1 hour after the vaquejada race). Evaluators used a behavioral repertoire based on an ethogram for bovines and were previously trained. They used an observational and noninvasive method for one hour and applied a visual scanning method at transportation and for three days at the races. The results for pre-transport had greater idleness (102.9%), head/tail movements (57.4%), and agitation (49.8%). After transport, idleness (69.7%) was reduced, and agitation (79.5%) increased. Eight hours after this, sodomy/mounting/dominance (118.1%) was higher, followed by head/tail movements (92.8%), lying down (63.3%), and fatigue (53.3%). The results of vaquejada races revealed high feeding rates before and after races on the three evaluation days (53.6% - 30.0%), followed by rumination (72.0% - 44.5%). On all the evaluation days at the races, agitation was higher immediately after the races (87.9% - 66.1%). In conclusion, it was observed that the animals increased the frequency of behaviors indicative of acute stress immediately after transport and races but were able to recover the characteristic behavior a few hours after acute stress when transport and races followed the current official rules for both. Maintaining management standards for transport and vaquejada races, currently adopted, can reduce the impact on welfare and can be improved with regular scientific evaluations of the cattle involved to improve welfare through good practices.

关键词： Brazil Transport Stressors Coleada Race

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Biomarkers of Stress and Inflammation in Assessing the Quality of Welfare of Conditioned Vaquejada Horses

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2023年第8期13卷 147-159页

作者： Keity Laiane Gomes Trindade Carolina Jones Ferreira Lima da Silva Raissa Karolliny Salgueiro Cruz César Fabiano Vilela Joana de Sousa Araújo Simões Clarisse Simões Coelho josé dantas ribeiro filho Helena Emília Cavalcanti da Costa Cordeiro Manso Helio Cordeiro Manso filho Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife Brazil Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Centro Universitário Cesmac Maceió Brazil Médico Veterinário Privado Americana Brazil Equine Academic Division Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Lusofona University (ULusofona) Lisbon Portugal CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture Environment and Development Universidade de évora évora Portugal Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Vi&#231osa Vi&#231osa Brazil

In recent decades, the intensity of training and equestrian competitions has significantly increased, thus the assessment of the well-being of the equine athlete has become essential in all equestrian modalities. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether equine athletes submitted to a vaquejada simulation test (VqST), comprised of three races, presented changes in blood biomarkers related to stress and health status. Fourteen healthy Quarter Horses, used as pull horses in this equestrian modality, were evaluated. Ten animals were submitted to the VqST and the remaining four were used as a control group. Blood samples were collected pre-test (during fast), immediately after, and at 1, 4 and 24 hours of recovery. The assessed blood biomarkers included cortisol, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, iron, urea, creatinine, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations and results were analyzed using One Way ANOVA (time) with the SigmaStat 13.0 software. No differences between sample times were detected in both groups (p > 0.05) and no differences were found between groups (p > 0.05). The results suggest that all horses were well conditioned for the level of effort imposed by the three vaquejada races. The adaptation to physical exercise may enable the regulation of the acute response to stress in the tissues involved in the exercises, with no differences being observed in stress and health biomarkers, such as IL-6, IL-1β and cortisol. In conclusion, well-conditioned vaquejada horses exhibit a balanced regulation of biological processes, which contributes an increased athletic longevity and better quality of athletic life.

关键词： Horse Races Welfare Hormones Cortisol Interleukins Iron

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Association between Infrared Thermography,Blood Count and Creatine Kinase in the Evaluation of the Welfare of Vaquejada Horses

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2023年第6期

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Biomarkers of Stress and Inflammation in Assessing the Quality of Welfare of Conditioned Vaquejada Horses

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine（兽医学） 2023年第8期

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High-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Borborema Province, Northeast Brazil: Reworking of Archean oceanic crust during proterozoic orogenies

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第6期11卷 2221-2242页

作者： Alanielson da Câmara dantas Ferreira Elton Luiz dantas Ticiano joséSaraiva dos Santos Reinhardt A.Fuck Mahyra Tedeschi Instituto de Geociências Universidade de Brasília(UnB)70910-900Brasília-DFBrazil Instituto de Geociências Universidade Estadual de Campinas(UNICAMP)Departamento de Geologia e Recursos Naturais13083-970Campinas-SPBrazil Instituto de Geoci^encias Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais(UFMG)31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil

We present the first evidence of Archean oceanic crust submitted to Proterozoic high-pressure(HP)metamorphism in the South American ***-Nd and Lu-Hf isotopic data combined with U-Pb geochronological data from the Campo Grande area,Rio Grande do Norte domain,in the Northern Borborema Province,reflect a complex Archean(2.9 Ga and 2.6 Ga)and Paleoproterozoic(2.0 Ga)evolution,culminating in the Neoproterozoic Brasiliano/Pan-African orogeny(ca.600 Ma).The preserved mafic rocks contain massive poikiloblastic garnet and granoblastic amphibole with variable proportions of plagioclase+diopside in symplectitic texture,typical of high-pressure *** clinopyroxene-garnet amphibolites and the more common garnet amphibolites from the Campo Grande area are exposed as rare lenses within an Archean migmatite *** amphibolite lenses represent 2.65 Ga juvenile tholeiitic magmatism derived from depleted mantle sources(positive values of+3.81 to+30.66)later enriched by mantle metasomatism(negative εNd(t)values of-7.97).Chondrite and Primitive Mantle-normalized REE of analyzed samples and discriminant diagrams define two different oceanic affinities,with E-MORB and OIB *** Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu*=0.75-0.95)indicate depletion of plagioclase in the *** zircon cores of 3.0-2.9 Ga in analyzed samples indicate that the Neoarchean tholeiitic magmatism was emplaced into 2923±14 Ma old Mesoarchean crust(εNd(t)--2.58 and Nd TDM=3.2 Ga)of the Rio Grande do Norte *** age of retro-eclogite facies metamorphism is not yet completely *** suggest that two high-grade metamorphic events are recognized in the mafic rocks:the first at 2.0 Ga,recorded in some samples,and the second,at ca.600 Ma,stronger and more pervasive and recorded in several of the mafic rock *** Neoproterozoic zircon grains are found in symplectite texture as inclusions in the garnet grains and represent the age of HP conditions in the *** zircon grains show a

关键词： Archean oceanic crust Proterozoic orogens Borborema province

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The coppice-with-standards silvicultural system as applied to Eucalyptus plantations-a review

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 237-248页

作者： Antonio Carlos FERRAZ filho josé Roberto Soares SCOLFORO Blas MOLA-YUDEGO Departamento de Ciências Florestais Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) School of Forest Sciences University of Eastern Finland (UEF)

We review the management of Eucalyptus species under a coppice-with-standards （CWS） silvicultural system. CWS management results in product diversification, permitting production of small and large scale timber from the same stand. Eucalyptus species are suitable candidates for CWS management because： there are large worldwide plantation areas, sprouting capacity is high, and eucalypts are multipur- pose species. We discuss （1） short rotation Eucalyptus coppice manage- ment for energy and pulping and （2） Eucalyptus seedling management for solid wood products. We review the literature and discuss experi- ences with Eucalyptus managed under the CWS system. We also assess projects dealing with Eucalyptus coppice management, stand density regulation, pruning, and stand and wood quality. The growth environ- ment of the standard trees （heavy competition up to the first harvest, free growth afterwards） coupled with long rotations （〉20 years） results in high quality logs for solid wood products. Early pruning should be ap- plied to enhance wood quality. We propose a system for the silvicultural management of Eucalyptus under the CWS system, elaborating on the consequences of initial planting density, site productivity, and standard tree densities as well as timing of basic silvicultural applications.

关键词： stand density regulation coppice management pruning silvicultural system stand production diversification CWS

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Fractionation of rare earth and other trace elements in crabs,Ucides cordatus,from a subtropical mangrove affected by fertilizer industry

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第4期29卷 69-76页

作者： Alice Bosco-Santos Wanilson Luiz-Silva Emmanoel Vieira da Silva-filho Monique Dias Corrêa de Souza Elton Luiz dantas Margareth Sugano Navarro State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Institute of Geosciences Department of Geology and Natural Resources Campinas Sao Paulo 13083870 Brazil . Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Institute of Chemistry Department of Geochemistry Niteroi Rio de Janeiro 24900970 Brazil University of Brasília(UnB) Institute of Geosciences Department of Geology Brasflia Distrito Federal 70910900 Brazil

Fractionation of rare earth elements（REE） and other trace metal concentrations（Th, U, Cd,Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn） between mangrove sediments and claw muscles and shells of male crabs（Ucides cordatus） from a subtropical estuary highly impacted by fertilizer industry activities was investigated. This is the first record of REE distribution in these organisms,and the results showed higher accumulations of these metals, U and Th in shells, probably related to the replacement of Ca during molting. Contents of Cd, Cr and Ni were similar in both tissues, but Cu, Zn and Pb were mostly accumulated in the claw muscle with concentrations above those considered safe for human consumption according to the Brazilian legislation. REE fractionation was different in the analyzed tissues being softer in the shells. The results provided evidences that the water absorbed during molting controls the chemistry of REE in shells. In contrast, the chemistry of REE in the claw muscle, in which was observed preferential absorption of light REE, is controlled by diet. REE fractionation obtained for the claw muscles was closely correlated to the observed in the contaminated substrate and in materials related to the production of phosphate fertilizers（contamination source）, which supports their transference to this Ucides cordatus tissue without fractionation by the ingestion of sediments. Our results showed the potential use of crab tissues for monitoring REE and trace element sources in mangrove areas, with claw muscle exhibiting the contaminant source fingerprint.

关键词： Rare earth elements Trace metals Fertilizer contamination Crabs

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Entropy model to assess sediment resuspension probability and trap efficiency of small dams

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第5期37卷 675-686页

作者： Francisco Jairo Soares Pereira Antonio Viana da Silva filho josé Wellington Batista Lopes josé Carlos de Araújo Department of Agricultural Engineering Federal University of Ceará Campus Do Pici Rural Federal University of Pernambuco Federal University of Piauí

In the Brazilian drylands, there are tens of thousands of small dams. Despite their paramount importance to the rural population, they are rarely monitored. Water demand increases with time while, simultaneously, siltation reduces reservoir water capacity and availability. Reservoir siltation models are, therefore, mandatory to manage the numerous ungauged small dams in these *** objective of the current study is to improve sediment trap efficiency(TE) modeling by including resuspension as a key probabilistic process. The Shannon entropy was used to estimate the sediment resuspension probability, which was merged with the Camp model and generated the RETSED entropy model. To validate the RETSED model, an experimental check dam(ECD, 300 m3), located in the Gilbu es desertification site, Brazil, was monitored hourly during one hydrological year(July 2018-July 2019). Measurements show that the annual volumetric decline of the check dam was 12%; and that the average trap efficiency equaled 86%. Only 9.5% of the hourly sediment concentration outflow exceeded the average plus one standard deviation, showing that the reservoir is well mixed; a fact which highlights the relevance of the resuspension process. Three empirical models failed to mimic the experimental results: Churchill(TE = 99%), Brune(TE = 75%), and Maryland(TE = 94%). According to the RETSED entropy model, the resuspension probability during the experiment was 10%and TE = 81%, a value only 6% below the measured one. The Camp model simulated TE = 89%, only 3%higher than the measured value, but confirmed the Camp model’s tendency to overestimate TE due to a disregard of resuspension. The deterministic model showed low sensitivity concerning the hydrodynamic effects, whereas the entropy formulation proved to be more consistent with physical behavior: the resuspension probability clearly increased and trap efficiency decreased with rising reservoir discharge.

关键词： Erosion Check dam Sedimentation Ungauged basins Camp model

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Repurposing metformin for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第17期27卷 1883-1904页

作者： Ademar dantas Cunha Júnior Arinilda Campos Bragagnoli Felipe Osório Costa joséBarreto Campello Carvalheira Department of Internal Medicine Division of OncologyUniversity of Campinas(UNICAMP)Campinas 13083-970São PauloBrazil Division of Oncology Hospital de Câncer de BarretosBarretos 14784-400São PauloBrazil

Diabetes mellitus type 2 and cancer share many risk *** pleiotropic insulin-dependent and insulin-independent effects of metformin might inhibit pathways that are frequently amplified in neoplastic ***,modulation of inflammation,metabolism,and cell cycle arrest are potential therapeutic cancer targets utilized by metformin to boost the anti-cancer effects of *** in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated the potential of metformin as a chemo-and radiosensitizer,besides its chemopreventive and direct therapeutic activity in digestive system(DS)***,these aspects have been considered in many cancer clinical ***-control and cohort studies and associated meta-analyses have evaluated DS cancer risk and metformin usage,especially in colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,and hepatocellular *** clinical studies have demonstrated the protective role of metformin in the risk for DS cancers and survival *** the other hand,the ability of metformin to enhance the actions of chemotherapy for gastric and biliary cancers is yet to be *** article reviews the current findings on the anti-cancer mechanisms of metformin and its apparatus from pre-clinical and ongoing studies in DS malignancies.

关键词： Antidiabetic treatments Gastrointestinal tumors Therapeutic target

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