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targeting phosphodiesterases for cognition enhancement:a.translational approach

中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2017年第5期31卷 453-454页

作者： jos PRICKAERtS Depa.tment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology School for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht University

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cA MP) and/or cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cG MP)have been suggested to play specific roles in processes of memory. these cyclic nucleotides are hydrolyzed by specific enzymes,ie phosphodiesterases(PDEs). thus,selective PDE inhibitors preventing the breakdown of cAMP and/or cGMP could improve memory. Studies with different timing of treatment with specific PDE inhibitors indicated that distinct underlying signaling pathways for early and late consolidation processes exist corresponding to specific time-windows for memory consolidation into longterm memory. there is evidence that the underlying mechanisms of PDE inhibition on the observed behavioral effects are independent of possible cerebrovascular effects. Most likely the underlying mechanisms are a cGMP/PKG pathway for early consolidation processes and a cAMP/PKA pathway for late consolidation processes. In addition,the early-phase cG MP/PKG signaling a.tually requires late-phase cAMP/PKA-signaling in long-term memory formation. Recently,the effects of specific PDE inhibitors are explored on other cognitive domains including acquisition processes/short-term memory and information processing. It will be shown that elevation of central cG MP levels or cA MP levels a.ter treatment with a specific PDE inhibitor both improve acquisition processes/short-term memory. In vitro studying the effects of PDE inhibitors on long-term potentiation,the physiological substrate of memory,supportthe in vivo data and further show that AMPA receptor trafficking very likely mediates the memory enhancing effects. In a.translational approach we initially also investigated the effects of cG MP elevation via PDE5 inhibition with vardenafil or sildenafil on cognition in humans. However,in contra.t to studies with rodents and monkeys,PDE5 inhibition had no effect in humans on cognition including memory processes. It is clear that the transition of a drug from preclinical to clinical creates translational hur

关键词： phosphodiesterases cognition memory

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Importance of nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Ga.troenterology 2009年第17期15卷 2081-2088页

作者： Alfredo josé Lucendo Livia Cristina De Rezende Depa.tment of Ga.troenterology Hospital General de Tomelloso Vereda de Socuéllamos s/n. 13700 Tomelloso (Ciudad Real) Spain

Inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） results from the intera.tion between an individual＇s immune response and precipita.t environmental fa.tors, which generatean anomalous chronic inflammatory response in thosewho are genetically predisposed. Various feeding pra.tices have been implicated in the origin of IBD based on epidemiological observations in developed countries, but we do not have solid evidence for the etiological role played by specific food types. IBD is associated with frequent nutritional deficiencies, thepa.tern and severity of which depends on the extent,duration and a.tivity of the inflammation. Nutritional support allows these deficiencies in calories, macro and micronutrients to be rectified. Enteral nutrition is also aprimary therapy for IBD, especially for Crohn＇s disease,as it allows the inflammatory a.tivity to be controlled,kept in remission, and Drevents or delays the need forsurgery. Nutritional support is especially importa.t in childhood IBD as an a.ternative to pharmacological treatment. this report discusses the complex relationship between diet and IBD.

关键词： Nutritional support Inflammatory boweldisease Enteral diet Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis

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Glyphosate Dissipation in Different Soils Under No-till and Conventional tillage

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Pedosphere 2019年第6期29卷 773-783页

作者： Elena OKADA joséLuis COStA Francisco BEDMAR Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y técnicas(CONICEt) Balcarce 7620(Argentina Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA)Balcarce 7620(Argentina Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad Nacional de Mar del PlataBalcarce 7620(Argentina

Glyphosate is the most used herbicide in Argentina, accounting for 62% of the commercialized pesticides on the market. It is used as a weed controller in no-till systems, and it is also applied to various genetically modified crops ( e.g., soybean, corn, and cotton). a.though it has a high solubility in water, it tends to adsorb and accumulate in agricultural soils. the main objectives of this work were to compare the dissipation of glyphosate and the accumulation of its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) over time in three soils from agricultural areas of Argentina under long-term management with no-till (Nt) and conventional tillage (Ct) pra.tices. there were no differences in dissipation between Nt and Ct, indicating that the glyphosate-degrading microflora was not modified by the different tillage managements. Moreover, tillage pra.tices did not a.ter the general soil properties;therefore, glyphosate bioavailability was not affected by Nt or Ct pra.tice. Forty percent of the applied glyphosate was degraded within the first three days in all soils, indicating a fa.t initial dissipation rate. However, the dissipation rate considerably decreased over time, and the degradation kinetics followed a bi-exponential (or two-compa.tment) kinetic model. No differences were found between tillage pra.tices. Dissipation was not related to the microbial a.tivity measured as soil respiration. the fa.t decrease in the concentration of glyphosate at the beginning of the dissipation study was not reflected in an increase in the concentration of AMPA. the estimated half-lives for glyphosate ranged between 9 and 38 d. However, glyphosate bioavailability decreases over time, as it is strongly adsorbed to the soil matrix. this increases its residence time, which may lead to its accumulation in agricultural soils.

关键词： Aminomethylphosphonic acid Bioavailability Biodegradation Herbicide Metabolite Pesticide two-compa.tment kinetic model

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a.titudinal seasonality as a potential driver of morphological diversification in rear-edge bird populations

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Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 267-274页

作者： josé Luis tellería Irene Hernández-tellez Iván de la Hera josé Ignacio Aguirre Alejandro Onrubia Depa.tment of Biodiversity Ecology and EvolutionUniversidad Complutense28040MadridSpain Depa.tment of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA Fundaci on Migres Tarifa11380CadizSpain

Populations at the low latitude limits of a species range(rear-edge populations)are often considered more vulnerable to climate ***,their ability to track different environmental settings at a regional scale has been widely overlooked,a.though this may be releva.t to accurately assess their ada.tive capacity to cope with ongoing *** we tested whether the endemic African Chaffinch(Fringilla coelebs africana.tracks environmental changes(*** temperatures,snow cover)by rearranging their numbers between seasons(spring ***)along the a.titude gradients of its northwestern African *** additionally tested whether these seasonal changes in abundance were paralleled by morphological variation,suggesting a process of population *** assessed African Chaffinch abundance in tree covered farmland and woodland sites distributed along an a.titude gradient in spring and *** addition,we ca.tured and measured chaffinches within the study gradient to explore the pa.terns of morphological *** results showed that chaffinches shifted to lowlands from snow covered highlands during *** addition,highland individuals showed longer and more concave wings than their lowland *** morphological tra.ts are usually related to flight efficiency in migratory birds,which suggest the presence of a.titudinal movements aimed to track the environmental seasonality caused by *** results suggest a potential role of a.titudinal seasonality as a driver of regional diversification within the African Chaffinch populations,which could be occurring in other North African avian species given their relatively high endemicity in the *** evolutionary and conservation implications of these displacements have been often overlooked despite they can shape the ada.tive capacity of rear-edge bird populations to face the ongoing environmental changes in this peripheral area of the Palearctic.

关键词： a.titudinal movements Flight apparatus Population diversification Snow cover effects

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Diabetes mellitus and comorbidities in elderly people from the Lugu community:A critical-reflective analysis

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第11期15卷 2162-2166页

作者： joséCarlos tatmatsu-Rocha joséCarlos Gomes-Pinto College of Medicine Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy and FunctionalityFederal University of Ceará-UFCFortaleza 60810-786Brazil College of Medicine Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy and FunctionalityFederal University of CearáFortaleza 60000-000Brazil

Ageing has a close relationship with chronic non-communicable diseases,such as diabetes mellitus and high blood *** pathologies are often associated with changes in eating habits and promote crucial physiological changes which a.t silently in the long term in the elderly *** to the speed of urban development and technological advances,there has been an increase in the population's life ***,it is essential to know the socio-demographic profile and prevalent comorbidities of the elderly population,which can provide a reliable and broad database to enable the outline of strategies and the promotion of efficient hea.th *** this sense,the purpose of this editorial is to contribute to the debate surrounding the a.ticle that analysed epidemiological data from the Lugu *** mellitus,hypertension and cardiovascular pathologies and their comorbidities were the most prevalent conditions in this *** data could contribute to develop public policies constructively and assertively,allowing investments in the prevention and treatment of these pathologies.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Quality indicators Hea.th care Hypertension Comorbidity Exercise

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Combination of hydrotreating and delayed coking technologies for conversion of residue

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年第11期63卷 209-219页

作者： josé A.D.Munoz Gabriel Páez Jorge Ancheyta Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas Norte 152Col.San Bartolo AtepehuacanMéxico City 07730México

Residue conversion by combining catalytic hydrotreating and delayed coking has been evaluated comparatively with both processes *** operating conditions are defined to achieve the greatest economic benefit for upgrading an atmospheric residue from a heavy crude oil.A literature model was ada.ted to simulate the hydrotreating rea.tor,and for delayed coking,correlations reported in the literature were *** results with both approaches were employed to calculate the techno-economic feasibility of the combined process *** combination of hydrotreating and delayed coking presented an increase in light fra.tions of 29% and a reduction in coke production of 47.8%.Based on the calculated net benefit values,it was demonstrated that the combination of hydrotreating and delayed coking is technically and economically better than using each process alone,with highest benefit of 57.7 USD·m^(-3).

关键词： Economic benefit Heavy oil Hydrotreating Delayed coking

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Effect of the Inclusion of Chestnut in the Finishing Diet on Volatile Compounds of Dry-Cured Ham from Celta Pig Breed

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第11期12卷 2002-2012页

作者： josé M Lorenzo Javier Carballo Daniel Franco Centro tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia Rúa Galicia No 4Parque Tecnológico de GaliciaSan Cibrán das Vias rea de tecnología de los Alimentos Facultad de Ciencias de OurenseUniversidad de Vigo

the effect of the inclusion of chestnut in pigs ifnishing diet on volatile compounds of dry-cured Celta ham was studied. twelve hams of each type （from three different pigs ifnishing diets：concentrate （CO）, mixed （MI） and chestnut （CH）） were used. Volatiles were extra.ted using a purge-and-trap method and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC/MS）. thirty-nine volatile compounds were identified in dry-cured Celta ham samples. Most abunda.t volatiles in ham samples were aldehydes, which represented respectively, 53% （CO）, 51% （MI） and 46% （CH） of the total volatile composition. With the exception of 2-butenal, 2-methyl, all aldehydes were affected by feeding system. On the other hand, hydrocarbons n-alkanes were the second major group in the volatile proifle of dry-cured Celta hams and represented 28.9, 35.7 and 32.4%of the total volatile composition for CO, MI and CH groups, respectively. Ham samples from chestnut group showed a higher content of alcohols and this result could be related with the inclusion of chestnut in the ifnishing diet of pigs. Principal component analysis showed a good separation among groups. the discrimina.t analysis selected eight variables （butanoic acid, hexanal, octanal, nonenal （E）, decenal （E）, tetradecane, decane trimethyl and pyridine 2-methyl） and calculated two discriminating functions to predict if chestnut has been included in the ifnishing diet. thus, it was possible to discriminate between groups fed with ifnishing diets containing chestnuts in their composition （mixed and chestnut group）.

关键词： dry-cured ham chestnut volatile compound finishing diet discrimina.t analysis

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Steatosis and insulin resistance in hepatitis C: A way out for the virus?

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World Journal of Ga.troenterology 2009年第40期15卷 5014-5019页

作者： josé A Del Campo Manuel Romero-Gómez Unit for the Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd Hospital Universitario de Valme

the hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces lipid accumulation in vitro and in vivo. the pathogenesis of steatosis is due to both viral and host fa.tors. Viral steatosis is mostly reported in patients with genotype 3a, whereas meta-bolic steatosis is often associated with genotype 1 and metabolic syndrome. Several molecular mechanisms responsible for steatosis have been associated with the HCV core protein, which is able to induce gene expres-sion and a.tivity of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and peroxisome proliferator-a.tivat-ed receptor γ (PPARγ), increasing the transcription of genes involved in hepatic fa.ty acid synthesis. Steatosis has been also implicated in viral replication. In infected cells, HCV core protein is targeted to lipid droplets which serve as intracellular storage organelles. these studies have shown that lipid droplets are essential for virus assembly. thus, HCV promotes steatosis as an eff icient mechanism for stable viral replication. Chronic HCV in-fection can also induce insulin resistance. In patients with HCV, insulin resistance is more strongly associated with viral load than visceral obesity. HCV seems to lead to insulin resistance through interference of intracellular insulin signalling by HCV proteins, mainly, the serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-1 (IRS-1) and im-pairment of the downstream a.t signalling pathway. the HCV core protein interferes with in vitro insulin signal-ling by genotype-specif ic mechanisms, where the role of suppressor of cytokine signal 7 (SOCS-7) in genotype 3aand mammalian target of rapamycin (mtOR) in geno-type 1 in IRS-1 downregulation play key roles. Steatosis and insulin resistance have been associated with f ibrosis progression and a reduced rate of sustained response to peginterferon plus ribavirin.

关键词： Steatosis Insulin resistance Hepatitis Cvirus

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Predicting the aquatic risk of realistic pesticide mixtures to species assemblages in Portuguese river basins

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第5期27卷 12-20页

作者： Emília Silva Michiel A.Daam Maria josé Cerejeira Centro de Engenharia dos Biossistemas (CEER) Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA) University of Lisbon (UL) Tapada da Ajuda1349-017 Lisbon Portugal

a.though pesticide regulatory tools are mainly based on individual substances, aquatic ecosystems are usually exposed to multiple pesticides from their use on the variety of crops within the catchment of a river. this study estimated the impa.t of measured pesticide mixtures in surface waters from 2002 and 2008 within three importa.t Portuguese river basins（＇Mondego＇, ＇Sado＇ and ＇tejo＇） on primary producers, a.thropods and fish by toxic pressure calculation. Species sensitivity distributions（SSDs）, in combination with mixture toxicity models, were applied. Considering the differences in the responses of the taxonomic groups as well as in the pesticide exposures that these organisms experience, variable acute multi-substance potentially affected fra.tions（ms PAFs） were obtained. the median msP AF for primary producers and a.thropods in surface waters of all river basins exceeded 5%, the cut-off value used in the prospective SSD approach for deriving individual environmental quality standards. A ranking procedure identified various photosystem II inhibiting herbicides, with oxadiazon having the relatively largest toxic effects on primary producers, while the organophosphorus insecticides, chlorfenvinphos and chlorpyrifos, and the organochloride endosulfan had the largest effects on a.thropods and fish, respectively. these results ensure compliance with European legislation with regard to ecological risk assessment and management of pesticides in surface waters.

关键词： Pesticides Mixtures Risk assessment Multi-substance potentially affected fra.tion Surface waters

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Seismic fragility assessment of low-rise stone masonry buildings

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Ea.thquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2013年第1期12卷 87-97页

作者： Ahmad Abo-El-Ezz Marie-josé Nollet Miroslav Na.tev Depa.tment of Construction Engineering école de technologie supérieureUniversity of Québec MontréalQCH3C 1K3Canada Geological Survey of Canada Natural Resources Canada490Rue de la CouronneQuébecQCG1K 9A9Canada

Many historic buildings in old urban centers in Ea.tern Canada are made of stone masonry reputed to be highly vulnerable to seismic *** risk assessment of stone masonry buildings is therefore the first step in the risk mitigation process to provide adequate planning for retrofit and preservation of historical urban *** paper focuses on development of analytical displacement-based fragility curves reflecting the chara.teristics of existing stone masonry buildings in Ea.tern *** old historic center of Quebec City has been selected as a.typical study *** standard fragility analysis combines the inela.tic spectral displacement,a structure-dependent ea.thquake intensity measure,and the building damage state correlated to the induced building *** proposed procedure consists of a.three-step development process：（1） mechanics-based capacity model,（2） displacement-based damage model and（3） seismic demand *** damage estimation for a uniform hazard scenario of 2% in 50 years probability of exceedance indicates that slight to moderate damage is the most probable damage experienced by these stone masonry *** is also made with fragility curves implicit in the seismic risk assessment tools Hazus and *** shows the highest probability of the occurrence of no to slight damage,whereas the highest probability of extensive and complete damage is predicted with *** comparison shows the importance of the development of fragility curves specific to the generic construction chara.teristics in the study area and emphasizes the need for critical use of regional risk assessment tools and generated results.

关键词： seismic risk assessment fragility analysis stone masonry

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