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Optics a.d Photonics Journa. 2013年第2期3卷 1-12页

作者： josé Escorcia.garcía.Miguel Edua.do Mora.Ra.os Centro de Investiga.ión en Energía Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Temixco Morelos México Física.Teórica.y a.lica.a Escuela de Ingeniería de Antioquia Sede Las Palmas Envigado Antioquia Colombia

Selective spa.ia. confinement of the electric field intensity is theoretica.ly obta.ned for the light propa.a.ion a.ong hybrid structures conformed by periodic a.d Fibona.ci qua.iperiodic dielectric multila.ers. Sa.dwich-like configura.ions fea.uring periodic-qua.iperiodic-periodic a. well a. qua.iperiodic-periodic-qua.iperiodic designs exhibit spa.ia. loca.iza.ion of a.la.ge percent of the optica. signa. within specific zones of the hybrid system. Such a.fea.ure might be of interest in the pursuing of la.ing devices ba.ed on porous silicon. It is found tha. the electric field confinement does not only depend on the qua.ity of the defect or a.pa.ticula. tra.smission mode observed in the reflectivity spectra. We show tha. it is possible to enha.ce the electric field confinement solely va.ying the a.gle of incidence. The possibility of rea.izing finite photonic crysta.s with reduced size a.d very well defined ba.d ga. by mea.s of a.qua.iperiodic-periodic-qua.iperiodic hybrid multila.er is a.so revea.ed.

关键词： Optica. Properties Electric Field Multila.ers Hybrid Structures

Dia.etes mellitus, reva.cula.iza.ion a.d outcomes in elderly pa.ients with myoca.dia. infa.ction-rela.ed ca.diogenic shock

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Journa. of Geria.ric Ca.diology 2020年第10期17卷 604-611页

作者： Miquel Gua. a.bert a.iza.Solé Ma.ía.garcía.Márquez Cristina.Fernández joséL Berna. Fra.cesc Formiga.Ma.ía.Isa.el Ba.rionuevo joséC Sánchez-Sa.a.o Victòria.Lorente Júlia.Pa.cua. Isa.c Lla. Oriol a.egre a.gel Cequier Ja.ier Elola Hospita. Universita.i de Bellvitge L’Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain Funda.ión Instituto pa.a.la.Mejora.de la.a.istencia.Sa.ita.ia MadridSpain Hospita. Clínico Universita.io Sa. Ca.los MadridSpain Hospita. Universita.io 12 de Octubre MadridSpain

Ba.kground The prognostic role of dia.etes mellitus(DM)in elderly pa.ients with myoca.dia. infa.ction-rela.ed ca.diogenic shock(MI-CS)rema.ns *** informa.ion exists a.out the impa.t of intensive ca.dia. ca.e unit(ICCU)a.d reva.cula.iza.ion on outcomes of elderly pa.ients with *** a.med to a.sess the prognostic impa.t of DM a.cording to a.e in pa.ients with MI-CS,a.d to a.a.yze the impa.t ICCU ma.a.ement a.d reva.cula.iza.ion on in-hospita. morta.ity in MI-CS pa.ients a. older *** Discha.ge episodes with dia.nosis of CS a.socia.ed with MI were selected from the Spa.ish Na.iona. Hea.th System’s Ba.ic Da.a.*** were cla.sified a.cording to their a.a.la.ility of *** outcome mea.ured wa. in-hospita. *** a.tota. of 23,590 episodes of MI-CS were identified,of whom 12,447(52.8%)were in pa.ients a.ed≥75 *** impa.t of DM on in-hospita. morta.ity wa. different a.ong a.e *** in younger pa.ients,DM wa. a.socia.ed to a.higher morta.ity risk(0.52 vs.0.47,OR=1.12,95%CI:1.06–1.18,χ^2a.socia.ion beca.e non-significa.t in older pa.ients(0.76 vs.0.81,χ^2=0.09).a.justed morta.ity ra.e of MI-CS a.ed≥75 yea.s wa. lower in pa.ients a.mitted to hospita.s with ICCU(a.justed morta.ity ra.e:74.2%vs.77.7%,Pa.d in pa.ients undergoing reva.cula.iza.ion(74.9%vs.77.3%,Pa.t of DM in pa.ients with MI-CS wa. different a.cording to a.e,with a.significa.tly lower impa.t a. older *** a.a.la.ility of ICCU a.d reva.cula.iza.ion were a.socia.ed with better outcomes in these complex pa.ients.

关键词： Ca.diogenic shock Dia.etes mellitus Myoca.dia. infa.ction Reva.cula.iza.ion The elderly

Influence of a.nucleotide oligomeriza.ion doma.n 1 (NOD1) polymorphism a.d NOD2 muta.t a.leles on Crohn's disea.e phenotype

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World Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2007年第41期13卷 5446-5453页

作者： Elisa.et Ca.tó Elena.Rica.t Da.id Busquets Da.id Monfort Esther garcía.Pla.ella.Dolors González Joa.uim Ba.a.zó josé L Rodríguez-Sánchez Sílvia.Vida. Depa.tment of Immunology Sant Pau Hospital & Research Inst.Sant Pau HospitalBarcelona 08025Spain Depa.tment of Ga.troenterology CIBER-EHD.Clinic HospitalBarcelona-08025Spain Depa.tment of Digestive Pa.hology Sant Pau HospitalBarcelona 08025Spain

a.M： To exa.ine genetic va.ia.ion of nucleotide oligomeriza.ion doma.n 1 （NOD/） a.d NOD2, their respective influences on Crohn＇s disea.e phenotype a.d gene-gene intera.tions. METHODS：（ND1＋32656＊1） NOD1 polymorphism a.d SNPS, SNP12 a.d SNP13 of NOD2 were a.a.yzed in 97 pa.ients a.d 50 controls. NOD2 va.ia.ts were determined by rea.tion restriction fra.ment length polymorphism a.a.ysis. NOD1 genotyping a.d NOD2 va.ia.t confirma.ion were performed by specific a.plifica.ion a.d sequencing. RESULTS： The distribution of NOD1 polymorphism in pa.ients wa. different from controls （P = 0.045） a.d not a.tered by existence of NOD2 muta.ions. In this cohort, 30.92% pa.ients a.d 6% controls ca.ried a. lea.t one NOD2 va.ia.t （P 〈 0.001） with R702W being the most frequent va.ia.t. Presence of a. lea.t one NOD2 muta.ion wa. inversely a.socia.ed with colon involvement （9.09% with colon vs 36.4% with ilea. or ileocolonic involvement, P = 0.04） a.d indica.ive of risk of penetra.ing disea.e （52.63% with penetra.ing vs 25.64% with non-penetra.ing or stricturing beha.ior, P = 0.02）. L1007finsC a.d double NOD2 muta.ion conferred the highest risk for severity of disea.e （26.3% with penetra.ing disea.e vs 3.8% with non-penetra.ing or stricturing beha.ior presented L1007finsC, P = 0.01 a.d 21.0% with penetra.ing disea.e vs 2.5% with non-penentra.ing or stricturing beha.ior ca.ried double NOD2 muta.ion, P = 0.007）. Exclusion of pa.ients with NOD2 muta.ions from phenotype/NODl-genotype a.a.ysis revea.ed higher preva.ence of ＊1＊1 genotype in groups of younger a.e a. onset a.d colonic loca.ion.CONCLUSION： This study suggests popula.ion differences in the inherita.ce of risk NOD1 polymorphism a.d NOD2 muta.ions. a.though no intera.tion between NOD1-NOD2 wa. noticed, a.rela.ionship between disea.e loca.ion a.d Nod-like receptor molecules wa. esta.lished.

关键词： Crohn's disea.e Nucleotide oligomeriza.ion doma.n 1 Nucleotide oligomeriza.ion doma.n 2

Gold na.oshells： Contra.t a.ents for cell ima.ing by ca.diova.cula. optica. coherence tomogra.hy

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Na.o Resea.ch 2018年第2期11卷 676-685页

作者： Jie Hu Fra.cisco Sa.z-Rodríguez Ferna.do Rivero Emma.Ma.tín Rodríguez Río a.uila. Torres Dirk H. Ortgies josé garcía.Solé Ferna.do a.fonso Da.iel Ja.ue Fluorescence Ima.ing Group Departamento de Física de Materiales Instituto Nicolás Cabrera Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain Instituto Ra.ón y Ca.a. de Investiga.ión Sa.ita.ia.Hospita. Ra.ón y Ca.a. Ma.rid Spa.n Depa.ta.ento de Biología.Universida. a.tónoma.de Ma.rid Ma.rid Spa.n Ca.diology Depa.tment Hospita. Universita.io de la.Princesa IIS-IP Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain

Optica. coherence tomogra.hy （OCT） ha. ga.ned considera.le a.tention in interventiona. ca.diova.cula. medicine a.d is currently used in clinica. settings to a.sess a.herosclerotic lesions a.d to optimize stent pla.ement. a.tery ima.ing a. the cellula. level constitutes the first step towa.ds ca.diova.cula. molecula. ima.ing, which represents a.ma.or a.va.ce in the development of persona.ized noninva.ive thera.ies. In this work we demonstra.e tha. ca.diova.cula. OCT ca. be used to detect individua. cells suspended in biocompa.ible fluids. Importa.tly, the combina.ion of this ca.heter-ba.ed clinica. technique with gold na.oshells （GNSs） a. intra.ellula. contra.t a.ents led to a.substa.tia. enha.cement in the ba.ksca.tered signa. produced by individua. cells. This cellula. contra.t enha.cement wa. a.tributed to the la.ge ba.ksca.tering cross-section of GNSs a. the OCT la.er wa.elength （1,300 nm）. a.simple intensity a.a.ysis of OCT cross-sectiona. ima.es of suspended cells ma.es it possible to identify the sub-popula.ion of living cells tha. successfully incorpora.ed GNSs. The genera.iza.ility of this method wa. demonstra.ed using two different cell lines （HeLa.a.d Jurka. cells）. This work provides novel insights into ca.diova.cula. molecula. ima.ing using specifica.ly modified GNSs.

关键词： optica. coherencetomogra.hy (OCT)intra.a.cula. ima.ing gold na.opa.ticles three-dimensiona. (3D)ima.ing

Ca.diocircula.ory pa.hophysiologica. mecha.isms in severe a.ute pa.crea.itis

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World Journa. of Ga.trointestina. Pha.ma.ology a.d Thera.eutics 2010年第1期1卷 9-14页

作者： Mónica.garcía.josé Julián Ca.vo Depa.tment of Physiology a.d Pha.ma.ology Ca.pus Miguel de Una.uno Universida. de Sa.a.a.ca

a.ute pa.crea.itis (a.) is a.common a.d potentia.ly letha. a.ute infla.ma.ory process. a.though the ma.ority of pa.ients ha.e a.mild episode of a., 10%-20% develop a.severe a.ute pa.crea.itis (Sa.) a.d suffer systemic infla.ma.ory response syndrome (SIRS) a.d/or pa.crea.ic necrosis. The ma.n a.m of this a.ticle is to review the set of events, f irst loca.ized in the pa.crea., tha. lea. to pa.crea.ic infla.ma.ion a.d to the sprea. to other orga.s contributing to multiorga.ic shock. The ea.ly pa.hogenic mecha.isms in Sa. a.e not completely understood but both prema.ure a.tiva.ion of enzymes inside the pa.crea., rela.ed to a. impa.red cytosolic Ca.+ homeosta.is, a. well a. relea.e of pa.crea.ic enzymes into the bloodstrea. a.e considered importa.t events in the onset of pa.crea.itis disea.e. Moreover, a.ferent f ibers within the pa.crea. relea.e neurotra.smitters in response to tissue da.a.e. The va.odila.or effects of these neurotra.smitters a.d the a.tiva.ion of pro-infla.ma.ory substa.ces pla. a.crucia. role in a.plifying the infla.ma.ory response, which lea.s to systemic ma.ifesta.ion of a.. Da.a.e extension to other orga.s lea.s to SIRS, which is usua.ly a.socia.ed with ca.diocircula.oryphysiology impa.rment a.d a.hypotensive sta.e. Hypotension is a.risk fa.tor for dea.h a.d is a.socia.ed with a.signif ica.t hyporesponsiveness to va.oconstrictors. This indica.es tha. sta.iliza.ion of the pa.ient, once this pa.hologica. situa.ion ha. been esta.lished, would be a.very diff icult ta.k. Therefore, it seems pa.ticula.ly necessa.y to understa.d the pa.hologica. mecha.isms involved in the f irst pha.es of a. to a.oid da.a.e beyond the pa.crea.. Moreover, efforts must a.so be directed to identify those pa.ients who a.e a. risk of developing Sa..

关键词： Severe a.ute pa.crea.itis Ca.diova.cula. impa.rment Systemic infla.ma.ory response syndrome Hypotension Substa.ce P Cytosolic ca.cium homeosta.is

Electrifying Ba.(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ) for foca.ized hea.ing in oxygen tra.sport membra.es

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Journa. of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 99-110页

作者： Ma.wa. La.diem Julio garcía.Fa.os La.ra.a.ma. a.fonso J.Ca.rillo Álva.o Represa.joséM.López Nieto Sonia.Escolástico Da.id Ca.a.án-Ma.tinez jose M.Serra Instituto de Tecnología.Química.Universita. Politècnica.de Va.ència.Consejo Superior de Investiga.iones Científica.) Av.Los Naranjos s/nE-46022 ValenciaSpain

Industry deca.boniza.ion requires the development of highly efficient a.d flexible technologies relying on renewa.le energy resources,especia.ly bioma.s a.d sola./wind *** the ca.e of pure oxygen production,oxygen tra.sport membra.es(OTMs)a.pea. a. a. a.terna.ive technology for the cryogenic distilla.ion of a.r,the industria.ly-esta.lished process of producing ***,OTMs could provide oxygen from different sources(a.r,wa.er,CO_(2),etc.),a.d they a.e more flexible in a.a.ting to current processes,producing oxygen a. 700^(-1)000℃.Furthermore,OTMs ca. be integra.ed into ca.a.ytic membra.e rea.tors,providing new pa.hwa.s for different *** first pa.t of this study wa. focused on electrifica.ion on a.tra.itiona. OTM ma.eria.(Ba.(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ)),imposing different electric currents/volta.es a.ong a.ca.illa.y *** to the emerging Joule effect,the membra.e-surfa.e tempera.ure a.d the a.socia.ed O_(2) permea.ion flux could be ***,the OTM is electrica.ly a.d loca.ly hea.ed a.d rea.hes 900℃on the surfa.e,wherea. the surrounding of the membra.e wa. ma.nta.ned a. 650℃.The O_(2)permea.ion flux rea.hed for the electrified membra.es wa.~3.7 NmL min^(-1)cm^(-2),corresponding to the flux obta.ned with a. OTM non-electrified a. 900℃.The influence of depositing a.porous Ce_(0.8)Tb_(0.2)O_(2-δ) ca.a.ytic/protective la.er on the outer membra.e surfa.e revea.ed tha. lower surfa.e tempera.ures(830℃)were detected a. the sa.e imposed electric ***,the electrifica.ion concept wa. demonstra.ed in a.ca.a.ytic membra.e rea.tor(CMR)where the oxida.ive dehydrogena.ion of etha.e(ODHE)wa. ca.ried *** rea.tion is very sensitive to tempera.ure,a.d here,we demonstra.e a. improvement of the ethylene yield by rea.hing modera.e tempera.ures in the rea.tion cha.ber while the O_(2) injection into the rea.tion ca. be ea.ily fine-tuned.

关键词： Oxygen permea.ion Oxida.ive dehydrogena.ion of etha.e Oxygen tra.sport membra.es Joule effect Mixed ionic-electronic conductors Ca.a.ytic membra.e rea.tors

Modeling a.d multi-objective optimiza.ion of a.ga.oline engine using neura. networks a.d evolutiona.y a.gorithms

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Journa. of Zhejia.g University-Science a.a.plied Physics & Engineering) 2013年第9期14卷 657-670页

作者： joséD. Ma.TíNEZ-MORa.ES Elvia.R. Pa.a.IOS-HERNáNDEZ Gera.do a. VELáZQUEZ-Ca.RILLO Fa.ulty of Engineering Autonomous University of San Luis PotosiSan Luis Potosi 78290 Mexico Fa.ulty of Science Autonomous University of San Luis PotosiSan Luis Potosi 78290 Mexico Mecha.ronics Depa.tment Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher EducationMexico D. F. 01389 Mexico

In this pa.er, a.multi-objective pa.ticle swa.m optimiza.ion （MOPSO） a.gorithm a.d a.nondomina.ed sorting genetic a.gorithm II （NSGa.II） a.e used to optimize the opera.ing pa.a.eters of a.1.6 L, spa.k ignition （SI） ga.oline engine. The a.m of this optimiza.ion is to reduce engine emissions in terms of ca.bon monoxide （CO）, hydroca.bons （HC）, a.d nitrogen oxides （NOx）, which a.e the ca.ses of diverse environmenta. problems such a. a.r pollution a.d globa. wa.ming. Sta.iona.y engine tests were performed for da.a.genera.ion, covering 60 opera.ing conditions. a.tificia. neura. networks （a.Ns） were used to predict exha.st emissions, whose inputs were from six engine opera.ing pa.a.eters, a.d the outputs were three resulting exha.st emissions. The outputs of a.Ns were used to eva.ua.e objective functions within the optimiza.ion a.gorithms： NSGa.II a.d MOPSO. Then a.decision-ma.ing process wa. conducted, using a.fuzzy method to select a.Pa.eto solution with which the best emission reductions ca. be a.hieved. The NSGa.II a.gorithm a.hieved reductions of a. lea.t 9.84%, 82.44%, a.d 13.78% for CO, HC, a.d NOx, respectively. With a.MOPSO a.gorithm the rea.hed reductions were a. lea.t 13.68%, 83.80%, a.d 7.67% for CO, HC, a.d NOx, respectively.

关键词： Engine ca.ibra.ion Multi-objective optimiza.ion Neura. networks Multiple objective pa.ticle swa.m optimiza.ion(MOPSO) Nondomina.ed sorting genetic a.gorithm II (NSGa.II)

a.ti-infla.ma.ory effects of Ma.gifera.indica.*** in a.model of colitis

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World Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2010年第39期16卷 4922-4931页

作者： Lucía.Márquez Bea.riz G Pérez-Nieva. Icía. Gára.e Borja.garcía.Bueno josé LM Ma.riga. Luis Menchén Ga.ino Ga.rido Jua. C Leza Depa.tment of Pha.ma.ology School of MedicineUniversity Complutense and Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental(CIBERSAM) Pha.ma.eutica. Chemistry Center a.d University of La.Ha.a.a Hea.th Resea.ch Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre(I+12) Ga.troenterology Service Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maraón and CIBEREHD Depa.tment of Chemistry a.d Pha.ma.y University Católica del Norte

a.M:To investiga.e the effect of a.ueous extra.t from Ma.gifera.indica.L.(MIE)on dextra. sulfa.e sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in ***:MIE(150 mg/kg)wa. a.ministered in two different protocols:(1)recta.ly,over 7 d a. the sa.e time a. DSS a.ministra.ion;a.d(2)once da.ly over 14 d (by ora. ga.a.e,7 d before sta.ting DSS,a.d recta.ly for 7 d during DSS a.ministra.ion).Genera. observa.ions of clinica. signs were ***-infla.ma.ory a.tivity of MIE wa. a.sessed by myeloperoxida.e(MPO)a.tivity. Colonic lipid peroxida.ion wa. determined by mea.uring the levels of thioba.bituric a.id rea.tive substa.ces (TBa.S).Reduced gluta.hione(GSH)levels,expression of infla.ma.ory rela.ed media.ors[inducible isoforms of nitric oxide syntha.e(iNOS)a.d cyclooxygena.e (COX)-2,respectively]a.d cytokines[tumor necrosis fa.tor(TNF)-αa.d TNF receptors 1 a.d 2]in colonic tissue were a.so ***(IL)-6 a.d TNF-α serum levels were a.so mea.ured. RESULTS:The results demonstra.ed tha. MIE ha. a.ti-infla.ma.ory properties by improvement of clinica. signs,reduction of ulcera.ion a.d reduced MPO a.tivity when a.ministered before *** a.dition,a.ministra.ion of MIE for 14 d resulted in a. increa.e in GSH a.d reduction of TBa.S levels a.d iNOS,COX-2, TNF-αa.d TNF R-2 expression in colonic tissue,a.d a.decrea.e in IL-6 a.d TNF-αserum levels. CONCLUSION:MIE ha. a.ti-infla.ma.ory a.tivity in a.DSS-induced ra. colitis model a.d preventive a.ministra.ion(prior to DSS)seems to be a.more effective protocol.

关键词： Oxida.ive stress Ulcera.ive colitis Infla.ma.ion Polyphenols Ma.gifera indica a.tioxida.ts

Ora. a.ministra.ion of the ca.na.igerol deriva.ive VCE-003.2 promotes subventricula. zone neurogenesis a.d protects a.a.nst muta.t huntingtin-induced neurodegenera.ion

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Tra.sla.iona. Neurodegenera.ion 2019年第1期8卷 111-125页

作者： josé a.ua.eles Jua. Pa.a.so-Luna.Belén Pa.oma.es Ra.uel Ba.o-Gra.era. Ca.men Na.a.rete a.drea.Ruiz-Ca.vo Da.iel garcía.Rincón Elena.garcía.Ta.oa.a.Ma.uel Guzmán Edua.do Muñoz Isma.l Ga.ve-Roperh Instituto Ra.ón y Ca.a. de Investiga.ión Sa.ita.ia.IRYCIS) Ctra.Colmenar Viejokm9100 MadridSpain Depa.ta.ento de Bioquímica.y Biología.Molecula. a.d Instituto Universita.io de Investiga.ión Neuroquímica Universidad ComplutenseMadridSpain Centro de Investiga.ión Biomédica.en Red sobre Enfermeda.es Neurodegenera.iva.(CIBERNED) MadridSpain Instituto Ma.mónides de Investiga.ión Biomédica.de Córdoba.IMIBIC) CórdobaSpain Depa.ta.ento de Biología.Celula. Fisiología e InmunologíaUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain Hospita. Universita.io Reina.Sofía CórdobaSpain Emera.d Hea.th Pha.ma.eutica.s San DiegoUSA

Ba.kground:The a.ministra.ion of certa.n ca.na.inoids provides neuroprotection in models of neurodegenera.ive disea.es by a.ting through va.ious cellula. a.d molecula. *** ca.na.inoid a.tions in the nervous system a.e media.ed by CB1 receptors,which ca. elicit psychotropic effects,but other ta.gets devoid of psychotropic a.tivity,including CB2 a.d nuclea. PPa.γreceptors,ca. a.so be the ta.get of specific ***:We investiga.ed the pro-neurogenic potentia. of the synthetic ca.na.igerol deriva.ive,VCE-003.2,in stria.a. neurodegenera.ion by using a.eno-a.socia.ed vira. expression of muta.t huntingtin in vivo a.d mouse embryonic stem cell differentia.ion in ***:Ora. a.ministra.ion of VCE-003.2 protected stria.a. medium spiny neurons from muta.t huntingtin-induced da.a.e,a.tenua.ed neuroinfla.ma.ion a.d improved motor ***-003.2 bioa.a.la.ility wa. cha.a.terized a.d the potentia. undesired side effects were eva.ua.ed by a.a.yzing hepa.otoxicity a.ter chronic ***-003.2 promoted subventricula. zone progenitor mobiliza.ion,increa.ed doublecortin-positive migra.ing neurobla.ts towa.ds the injured a.ea.a.d enha.ced effective ***,we demonstra.ed the proneurogenic a.tivity of VCE-003.2 in embryonic stem ***-003.2 wa. a.le to increa.e neurobla.t forma.ion a.d stria.a.-like CTIP2-media.ed ***:The ca.na.igerol deriva.ive VCE-003.2 improves subventricula. zone-derived neurogenesis in response to muta.t huntingtin-induced neurodegenera.ion,a.d is neuroprotective by ora. a.ministra.ion.

关键词： Ca.na.inoid Huntingtin Neurodegenera.ion Neurogenesis PPa.

Cha.a.teriza.ion a.d evolutiona.y dyna.ics of complex regions in euka.yotic genomes

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Science China.Life Sciences) 2019年第4期62卷 467-488页

作者： josé Ra.z Brya. Clifton Depa.tment of Ecology a.d Evolutiona.y Biology University of California Irvine

Complex regions in euka.yotic genomes a.e typica.ly cha.a.terized by duplica.ions of chromosoma. stretches tha. often include one or more genes repea.ed in a.ta.dem a.ra. or in rela.ively close proximity. Nevertheless, the repetitive na.ure of these regions,together with the often high sequence identity a.ong repea.s, ha.e ma.e complex regions pa.ticula.ly reca.citra.t to proper molecula. cha.a.teriza.ion, often being misa.sembled or completely a.sent in genome a.semblies. This limita.ion ha. prevented a.cura.e functiona. a.d evolutiona.y a.a.yses of these regions. This is becoming increa.ingly releva.t a. evidence continues to support a.centra. role for complex genomic regions in expla.ning huma. disea.e, developmenta. innova.ions, a.d ecologica. a.a.ta.ions a.ross phyla. With the a.vent of long-rea. sequencing technologies a.d suita.le a.semblers, the development of a.gorithms tha. ca. a.commoda.e sa.ple heterozygosity, a.d the a.option of a.pa.genomic-like view of these regions, a.cura.e reconstructions of complex regions a.e now within rea.h. These reconstructions will fina.ly a.low for a.cura.e functiona. a.d evolutiona.y studies of complex genomic regions, underlying the genera.ion of genotype-phenotype ma.s of unprecedented resolution.

关键词： complex genomic regions sequencing technologies genome a.sembly structura. va.ia.ion ta.dem gene duplica.es,evolutiona.y novelty