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Performance Characteristics of Urine HIV Screening methods against Blood-Based methods for Surgeons Guide

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World Journal of AIDS 2020年第2期10卷 119-127页

作者： m. W. Isichei T. T. Selowo D. meshak A. F. Ale S. D. Peter m. A. misauno A. Affi O. Olaniru C. O. Isichei Department of Surgery University of Jos Jos Plateau State Nigeria Department of Chemical pathology University of Jos Jos Plateau State Nigeria Department of Chemical Pathology Bingham University Jos Jos Plateau State Nigeria

Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa since it is mainly invasive but, could be non-invasive and quick also, reducing waiting time especially when required for presurgical procedures. This study determined the HIV status of patients using Urine screening test method and to compare its performance to blood-based testing methods. The routine pre and post-test counselling for HIV screening were done for all provider-initiated HIV testing using blood-based screening methods. Due to the cost and unavailability of enough urine testing kits, only patients who tested positive for HIV with blood-based methods and were scheduled for surgery or a surgical procedure were enrolled in the study. Informed consent was obtained. Paired urine and blood samples were collected at the same visit into clean universal bottles and analyzed immediately. A colloidal gold enhanced rapid immuno-chromatographic assay (Alliance Biomedical) kit for the rapid qualitative detection of antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) I and II in urine were used in comparison to the standard HIV testing of ante-cubital venous blood collected in EDTA vacutainer and analyzed using Determine (T) HIV 1 and 2 in vitro qualitative immunoassay strip, UNI GOLD rapid test kit and the Chembio HIV 1/2 STAT PAK assay strip. A total of 7568 patients were tested for routine provider-initiated HIV testing, 521 tested HIV positive. There were 105 (20.15%) males and 416 (79.85%) females, age ranged from 15 years to >80 years. most of the surgeries performed were Caesarian section 93 (37%), Hernia 55 (22%), Lumps 48 (19%), Acute appendicitis 33 (13%), Uterine fibroids 10 (4%), Ruptured ectopic pregnancy 2 (1%) and others (Intestinal obstruction, Postoperative adhesions, Ingrown toe nails, Breast abscess, Hemorrhoids, Anal fissures etc.) 10 (4%). DETERmINE RAPID HIV TEST mETHOD USING BLOOD: A total of 521 HIV positive samples were tested, 502 (96.35%) tested HIV

关键词： HIV AIDS Sensitivity Specificity HIV Rapid Testing

Vascular Calcification： Current Genetics Underlying This Complex Phenomenon

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Chinese medical Journal 2017年第9期130卷 1113-1121页

作者： Nonanzit Perez-Hernandez Gad Aptilon-Duque Ruben Blachman-Braun Gilberto Vargas-Alarcon Adrian Asael Rodriguez-Cortes Shely Azrad-Daniez Rosalinda Posadas-Sanchez jose manuel Rodriguez-Perez Department of molecular Biology National Institute of Cardiology "lgnacio Chavez" Mexico Mexico City 14080 Mexico 2Department of Endocrinology National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez" Mexico Mexico City 14080 Mexico

Objective： Vascular calcification is the consequence of the complex interaction between genetic, environmental, and vascular factors, which ultimately lead to the deposition of calcium in the tunica intima （atherosclerotic calcification） or tunica media （m6nckenberg＇s sclerosis）. Vascular calcification is also closely related to other pathologies, such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease. It has been concluded that the degree of vascular calcification may vary from person to person, even if the associated pathologies and environmental factors are the same. Therefore, this suggests an important genetic contribution to the development of vascular calcification. This review aimed to find the most recent evidence about vascular calcification pathophysiology regarding the genetic aspects and molecular pathways. Data Sources： We conducted an exhaustive search in Scopus, EBSCO, and Pubmed with the keywords ＂genetics and vascular calcification＂, ＂molecular pathways, genetic and vascular calcification＂ and included the main articles from January 1995 up to August 2016. We focused on the most recent evidence about vascular calcification pathophysiology regarding the genetic aspects and molecular pathways. Study Selection： The most valuable published original and review articles related to our objective were selected. Results： Vascular calcification is a multifactorial disease; thus, its pathophysiology cannot be explained by a single specific factor, rather than by the result of the association of several genetic variants, molecular pathway interactions, and environmental factors that promote its development. Conclusion： Although several molecular aspects of this mechanism have been elucidated, there is still a need for a better understanding of the factors that predispose to this disease.

关键词： Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Risk Genetics Polymorphisms Vascular Calcification

Prevalence of Organophosphorous Pesticide Residues in Pumpkin, Spinach and Sorrel Leaves Grown in Akwanga, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2018年第5期9卷 516-524页

作者： E. G. Ibrahim N. Yakubu L. Nnamonu J. m. Yakubu Dept. of Pure and Applied Chemistry Plateau State University Bokkos Jos Plateau Stae Nigeria Demonstration Secondary School College of Education Akwanga Nasarawa State Nigeria Dept. of Chemistry and Agrochemical Technology University of Agriculture Ma-kurdi Benue State Nigeria Dept. of microbiology Federal University Wukari Wukari Nigeria

Three green leafy vegetable samples of pumpkin leaves, spinach leaves, and sorrel leaves were collected from three different locations in a farm in Akwanga and were tested for the presence of organophosphorus (OP) compounds. The concentrations of all the pesticide residues in the vegetable samples were determined using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-mS). The organophosphorus pesticides detected include carbaryl (0.052 mg/kg) in pumpkin, this is below European maximum residues limit (EU mRL) of 0.1 mg/kg, Dimethoate was found in pumpkin (0.165 mg/kg), spinach (0.103 mg/kg) and sorrel (0.250 mg/kg) all above the EU mRL of 0.05 mg/kg. Dichlofenthion was detected in pumpkin (0.308 mg/kg), pirimiphos methyl was detected in pumpkin and spinach (0.428 mg/kg and 0.149 mg/kg respectively), all these were below the EU mRL of 0.5 mg/kg. Chlorpyrifos was found in spinach (0.230 mg/kg) and sorrel (0.192 mg/kg) only spinach was above the EU mRL of 0.2 mg/kg. The pesticide residue Bromophosethyl was detected in all vegetables, pumpkin leaves (0.501 mg/kg), sorrel (1.571 mg/kg) and spinach (7.981 mg/kg) all above the EU mRL of 0.5 mg/kg. The remaining pesticides detected were all below their EU mRL value;these are Ethion found in spinach (0.167 mg/kg), methyl Parathion in spinach (0.103 mg/kg) and sorrel (0.335 mg/kg). The levels of some of the organophosphorus pesticide residues found in vegetables were above the maximum residue limits (mRLs) set by the European Union. This calls for laws to regulate the use and circulation of such chemicals. Based on the observation made in these studies, it is proposed that more extensive monitoring investigation covering all vegetables part in Akwanga Nasarawa state be carried out to find the exact position of pesticide residues.

关键词： Akwanga Pesticide Residues Organophosphorous maximum Residue Limit

*** and validation of a screening questionnaire for the Charles Bonnet syndrome

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期 500-500页

作者： Sylvie Cantin josée Duquette François Dutrisac Lise Ponton marie Courchesne Roger Dufour Walter de Abreu Cybis Kassandre montisci Walter Wittich marie-Chantal Wanet-Defalque Institut Nazareth et Louis-Braille du CISSS de la montérégie-Centre LongueuilQCCanada Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en réadaptation du montréal métropolitain QCCanada École d’optométrie Universitéde MontréalÉcole d’optométrieMontréalQCCanada

Background:The purpose of this study is to develop a screening questionnaire for the Charles Bonnet syndrome(CBS)that is valid,particularly in terms of specificity and sensitivity,and that allows to examine certain dimensions of these hallucinatory manifestations,to better assess the needs of people who live with the ***:Interviews with clients of the Institut Nazareth et Louis-Braille who experienced visual hallucinations,supported by scientific literature and expert experience,guided the development of the *** content was first validated by six experts who assessed the questions developed,organized in seven subscales:(I)unusual perceptions;(II)contact with reality;(III)discriminatory screening;(IV)adaptation strategies;(V)psychological impact;(VI)description of the context of occurrence and(VII)*** a second step,a clinical study involving 76 people with visual impairment made it possible to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the instrument according to a criterion validity methodology,namely the clinical impression of a psychologist and/or an optometrist specialized in visual impairment,based on specific examinations and clinical *** who appeared to have a CBS following the scouting done by subscale 1(Unusual Perceptions)completed the rest of the ***:(I)The analyzes revealed a sensitivity of 1.00 and a specificity that varies from of 0.42 to 0.77 for the identification of CBS with the“Unusual Perceptions”subscale;(II)the administration of the questionnaire to the 76 study participants revealed that the wording of some questions needs to be improved;(III)the responses to the other 6 subscales of the questionnaire given by the 21 participants with SCB,show among others that most have simple rather than complex hallucinations and that these occur daily for 50%of *** do not negatively affect their mood,although they are experienced as disturbing by half of the participants with

关键词： Charles Bonnet syndrome(CBS) questionnaire screening

Data mining for Flooding Episode in the States of Alagoas and Pernambuco—Brazil

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American Journal of Climate Change 2018年第3期7卷 420-430页

作者： Heloisa musetti Ruivo Haroldo F. de Campos Velho Fernando m. Ramos Saulo R. Freitas Laboratory for Computing and Applied mathematics National Institute for Space Research S&#227 o josé dos Campos Brazil Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Research National Institute for Space Research S&#227 o josé dos Campos Brazil Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research Universities Space Research Association Columbia MD USA Global modeling and Assimilation Office NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA

The increasing volume of data in the area of environmental sciences needs analysis and interpretation. Among the challenges generated by this “data deluge”, the development of efficient strategies for the knowledge discovery is an important issue. Here, statistical and tools from computational intelligence are applied to analyze large data sets from meteorology and climate sciences. Our approach allows a geographical mapping of the statistical property to be easily interpreted by meteorologists. Our data analysis comprises two main steps of knowledge extraction, applied successively in order to reduce the complexity from the original data set. The goal is to identify a much smaller subset of climatic variables that might still be able to describe or even predict the probability of occurrence of an extreme event. The first step applies a class comparison technique: p-value estimation. The second step consists of a decision tree (DT) configured from the data available and the p-value analysis. The DT is used as a predictive model, identifying the most statistically significant climate variables of the precipitation intensity. The methodology is employed to the study the climatic causes of an extreme precipitation events occurred in Alagoas and Pernambuco States (Brazil) at June/2010.

关键词： Data mining Statistical Analysis T-Test p-Value Artificial Intelligence Decision Tree

Secondary Recovery of Columbite from Tailing Dump in Nigerian jos mines Field

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Journal of minerals and materials Characterization and Engineering 2012年第6期11卷 587-595页

作者： F.A Ayeni I. A madugu P. Sukop S. A Ibitoye A. A. Adeleke m Abdulwahab Department of materials Science and Engineering Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife Nigeria Department of metallurgical Engineering Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria National metallurgical Development Centre (NmDC) P. M. B. 2116 Jos Nigeria.

millions of tons of tailing dump at Rayfield mine in jos in North Central Plateau state of Nigeria have been found to contain large quantity of columbite. Initial attempts to recover columbite concentrates by local miners and mineral speculators from the columbite rich tailing dump failed due to the ineffective processing route employed. Using cone and quartering sampling method, 0.5 kg of the columbite tailing was obtained for sieve and chemical analyses. 50 kg of mm fraction of the sample was subjected to a first stage magnetic concentration in a three poles Dry High Intensity magnetic Separator (DHmS) that separated the columbite in the third pole. The re-grind of the + 0.355 mm rougher concentrate fraction (containing interlocking columbite) to pass the sieve aperture was treated on the DHmS in the second stage. The rougher concentrate undersize and columbite pre-concentrate of the first stage magnetic separation were then gravity concentrated on the air float machine. The Rayfield tailings and final concentrate were assayed using ED-XRFS to obtain 12.5% and 69.6% Nb2O5, respectively. The recovery and separation efficiency were 77.95% and 77.88% in that order. The magnetic and gravity concentrations were found effective at 77.95% recovery for columbite from the Rayfield tailing dump. This study also provided database for optimum recovery of columbite from tailings of mining sites of similar composition.

关键词： Tailing dump columbite recovery concentration characterization magnetic Gravity Recovery Assay Flowsheet

Yield and Characterization of the Centesimal Composition of Amazonian Estuarine Fish

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2019年第3期9卷 175-183页

作者： Arllon josé dos Santos Dias Nyelle Priscila Brito Facanha Ed marcos Homobono da Silva Evlen Tamille Silva do Carmo Charles dos Santos Barros Gabriel Araujo da Silva Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Amapá State University Macapá Amapá 68900-070 Brazil

Fish, as one of the fishery resources, is an important constituent of the diet of the Amazon population, as it is the source of several nutritional components. The present work aimed to characterize the centesimal composition of Plagioscion squamosissimus fillet (n = 10) and macrobrachium amazonicum meat (n = 82), species acquired in the estuarine region of the state of Amapá, Brazil. Carcass yield, as well as protein, water content, lipids and ashes was determined according to the methodologies proposed by the Adolf Lutz Institute, as well as carbohydrate and caloric determinations. The analyses were performed in triplicate per sample. After comparing with the literature, it was possible to conclude that P. squamosissimus presented a fillet yield of 31.11%± 0.61%, high protein content (15.99 ± 1.26 g/100 g) and humidity (79.40 ± 1.10 g/100 g), moderate contents of mineral residues (1.10 ± 0.07 g/100 g) and carbohydrates (0.96 ± 0.90 g/100 g), low lipid contents (2.29 ± 0.65 g/100 g), as well as low caloric values (385,018.12 J/100 g) and m. amazonicum a meat yield of 44.12%± 8.34%, high levels of protein (22.81 ± 1.72 g/100 g), carbohydrates (1.92 ± 1.61 g/100 g) and mineral residues (1.76 ± 0.78 g/100 g), moderate water content (73.38 ± 0.78 g/100 g), low lipid levels (0.43 ± 0.08 g/100 g), as well as low caloric values (440,786.3 J/100 g). The results obtained in this work can serve as a subsidy in nutritional diets for humans, thus allowing an adequate dietary use of these species.

关键词： Nutritional assessment bromatological variables nutritional value chemical parameters of food

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增长、创新、规模标度及城市节奏

城市与区域规划研究 2011年第2期4卷 129-142页

作者：路易斯·m.A.贝当古何塞·洛沃德克·黑尔宾克里斯蒂安·屈纳特杰弗里·B.韦斯特寇晓东（译）于涛方（校）洛斯·阿拉莫斯国家实验室mSB284理论部圣塔菲研究所亚利桑那州立大学全球可持续性研究所德累斯顿理工大学交通与经济学研究所西北工业大学自动化学院清华大学建筑学院

一直以来，城市被认为是社会创新和创富的最有力引擎，然而城市也同时是犯罪、污染和疾病的主要来源地。城市化这一不可阻挡的世界趋势向人们提出了一项紧迫挑战：需要构建出一套关于城市组织及可持续发展的定量预测理论。本文所提供的... 详细信息

一直以来，城市被认为是社会创新和创富的最有力引擎，然而城市也同时是犯罪、污染和疾病的主要来源地。城市化这一不可阻挡的世界趋势向人们提出了一项紧迫挑战：需要构建出一套关于城市组织及可持续发展的定量预测理论。本文所提供的经验证据表明，城市化与经济发展和知识创新联系过程具有普遍性，不仅仅适合于属于同一城市体系的城市，而且不同国家、不同阶段也遵循这一规律。城市的许多不同属性，从专利产出、个人收入到电缆长度等，都显示出是人口规模的幂律函数，其规模标度指数G在整体上分成了几类。反映财富创造和创新属性的β≈1．2〉1（收益递增），而代表基础设施属性的β≈0．8〈1（规模经济）。本文预测，城市中社会生活节奏会随着人口规模的加大而加快，这和已有数据相吻合。文中还讨论了城市如何与生物有机体相似或相异，后者的β〈1。最后，通过推导增长方程定量探讨了这些标度关系的可能后果，结果显现：由创新驱动增长和规模经济驱动增长之间有巨大差异。这种差异表明，伴随人口增长，主要的创新周期必须持续加速运行，这样才能维持城市增长，从而避免停滞及垮塌。

关键词：人口可持续性城市研究收益递增规模经济

Validation of Novel model for Identification of Thermal Conditions in the Low Corona

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Advances in Aerospace Science and Technology 2022年第1期7卷 52-84页

作者： Daniel B. Berdichevsky Jenny m. Rodríguez Gómez Luis E. Vieira Alisson Dal Lago College Park Maryland USA IFIR/UNR-CONICET Rosario Argentina The Catholic University of America Washington D.C. USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais INPE S&atilde o josé dos Campos Brazil

The electron density and temperature key properties of the neutral-magnetized plasma in the solar corona, which are predicted with a novel model, provide an interesting window along the whole solar cycle. In this work, we test the quantitative validity of the model and prove that the Coronal Density and Temperature (CODET) is reliable. Furthermore, this work contrasts the CODET model results with alternative observational remote and in-situ datasets during the simplest conditions of the quiescent corona near the solar minimum. This successful outcome/validation of the CODET model allowed a good qualitative density and temperature retrieval in the solar corona covering a large portion of time interval from solar cycles 23 and 24.

关键词： Solar Corona Electron Density Temperature