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Investigating Non-Compliance with COVID-19 Vaccination through Hesitancy, Refusal, and Access Limitation: A Community-Based Survey from the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第9期12卷 280-306页

作者： Nestor Kalala-Tshituka Alain Cimuanga-Mukanya Alain Yamba Mukendi Faustin Ndjibu Mpoji Ghislain Disashi-Tumba joris losimba likwela Nadine Kayiba Kalenda Evariste Tshibangu-Kabamba Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Public Health University of Mbujimayi Mbuji-Mayi Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University of Kisangani Kisangani Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Public Health University of Mbujimayi Mbuji-Mayi Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan Research Institute of Health and Society Catholic University of Louvain Brussels Belgium

Introduction : Vaccination plays a pivotal role in mitigating the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, vaccination campaigns encounter obstacles, especially in developing countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This study aimed at investigating the roles of vaccine hesitancy, refusal, and access barriers, while identifying individual-level factors associated with non-vaccination in Mbujimayi, DRC. Methods : A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in three health districts and included 1496 residents. Attitudes and behaviors related to seeking COVID-19 vaccination were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Hierarchical logistic regression modeling was used to assess factors potentially affecting non-compliance with vaccination. Results : Among participants (median age = 33, IQR = 23.3, M/F sex ratio = 0.7), 60% displayed misconceptions about COVID-19 or its vaccine, while only 35.2% perceived COVID-19 as a significant health threat. Vaccination coverage was estimated at 49.1% (95% CI: 47.5; 52.6), with 71.8% of vaccinated individuals having received one dose. Among the unvaccinated individuals, 50.9% expressed no intention to be vaccinated in the future, citing hesitation (30.4%) or refusal (39.6%) mainly due to side effects or distrust of vaccines. Conversely, 32.7% of the unvaccinated persons expressed access barriers despite willingness to be vaccinated. Misconceptions about COVID-19 and its vaccines were the main drivers of vaccination non-compliance. Conclusion : These findings demonstrate significant vaccine non-compliance driven by hesitancy, refusal, and access barriers. Strategies to enhance vaccination coverage and pandemic preparedness should address misconceptions, sociodemographic barriers, and geographic disparities.

关键词： COVID-19 Vaccination Non-Observance Community Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Quality of Water Adjusted Sources and Storage in the Households of the Sanitized Villages in Area of National Program of Sanitized Schools and Villages at Tshopo Province in Republic Democratic of Congo

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2021年第6期9卷 43-54页

作者： Eugène Longembe Basandja Gaston Kimbwani Mabela Zoé-Arthur Kazadi Mulumba Jean Panda Lukongo Kitronza joris losimba likwela Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Kisangani Kisangani Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Psychology Faculty of Psychology and education Sciences University of Kisangani Kisangani Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Biotechnological Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Kisangani Kisangani Democratic Republic of Congo Station control room of Biodiversity (CSB) University of Kisangani Kisangani Democratic Republic of Congo Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Liege Belgium

Introduction: The present research paper aims at assessing the bacteriological water quality in households and at provisioning points, and so factors of water deterioration. Method: a transverse study has been conducted during the period starting from 11 up to 28 October 2018 within 6 Health Zones (HZ) in Tshopo Province integrated in National Program of Schools and Sanitized Villages (NPSSV). Water samples have been collected within 300 reserves of households and 30 water provisioning and analysed points in order to find out water contamination factors. The frequencies and raw OR have been estimated at (p Results: fecal coliforms (80% CI95: 75% - 85%) and total (97% CI95: 95% - 99%) were significantly present in water reserves and the presence of Escherichia coli were at about 27% (IC95 22% - 32%). These proportions were correspondingly at 63%, 90% and 10% at water provisioning. The fecal coliforms were the highest in water reserves of sanitized villages (p Conclusion: water from provisioning sources and household reserves are severely polluted and water quality is not good at consumption point and at provisioning point. The reinforcement of safety measures at water points, reduction of conservation length and hygienic water cleaning of storage water recipients are necessary to assure quality of water.

关键词： Water Quality Households Supplied Points Sanitized Village Tshopo Democratic Republic of Congo

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Prevalence of Gestational Malaria in Kisangani,Democratic Republic of Congo

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第10期8卷 854-866页

作者： Noel Labama Otuli Jean-Didier Bosenge Nguma Maindo A.Mike-Antoine Antoine Modia O’yandjo Gedeon Katenga Bosunga joris losimba likwela Jean-Pascal Manga Okenge Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyUniversity of KisanganiKisanganiDemocratic Republic of the Congo Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyUniversity of KisanganiKisanganiDemocratic Republic of the Congo

Introduction: Gestational malaria is a major public health problem because it is a threat to pregnant women and their children. As Kisangani is a stable malaria transmission area and there is a paucity of data on the status of gestational malaria in our settings, we have found it appropriate to determine the prevalence of gestational malaria and its determinants in Kisangani City. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study in Kisangani from January 1 to September 30, 2017. Our population study consisted of 1248 parturients recruited at delivery. We made the thick drop in peripheral blood from parturients at the admission and at the level of placental impressions after delivery. Results: The average age of the respondents was 25.3971 ± 6.2452 years;the overall prevalence of gestational malaria was 27.56% including 12.66% peripheral parasitaemia, 12.34% placental parasitaemia and 2.56% parasitaemia level and placental and peripheral blood impressions. Youngest age ≤ 18 years [OR (95% CI) = 2.44 (1.75 - 3.41), p 0.001], primiparity [OR (95% CI) = 2.94 (2.00 - 4.32), p 0.001] and positive HIV serology [OR (95% CI) = 3.01 (1.23 - 7.43), p = 0.008] increased the risk of gestational malaria;the use of mosquito net impregnated with insecticide [OR (95% CI) = 0.29 (0.14 - 0.61), p 0.001] reduced this risk. Conclusion: The prevalence of gestational malaria is 27.56% in Kisangani. The youngest age ≤ 18 years, the primiparity and positive HIV serology of pregnant women were the most associated risk factors.

关键词： Gestational Malaria Thick Drop Placental Imprint Parasitaemia Kisangani

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Mass Distribution Campaign of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 2018 to 2021 in the Context of the Emergence of COVID-19: Results and Lessons Learned

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第2期10卷 136-159页

作者： joris losimba likwela Adrien N’siala Kumbi Michèle Luntadila Kiamenga Mireille Lusiense Zena Daniela Mundele Iris Simon-Pierre Kazadi Mutuba Eric Mukomena Sompwe Patrick Kanku-Ka-Lukusa Albert Kalonji Ntumba Ghislain Makhan Yav Didier Gasigwa Baneti Eric Tsasa Mbuku Charlotte Ndolerire Isingoma Muriel Nzazi Nsambu Philippe Lukanu Ngwala SANRU Asbl Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Public Health Department Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University of Kisangani Kisangani Democratic Republic of the Congo National Malaria Control Program Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo School of Public Health University of Lubumbashi Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of the Congo Financial Support and Management Unit Ministry of Public Health Prevention and Hygiene Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Interchuch Medical Assistance World Heath Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo World Health Organisation Kinshasa Sub-Office Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Family Medicine et Primary Health Care Protestant University of Congo Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

Introduction: The DRC had planned 23 mass distribution campaigns distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) for the years 2018-2020, the implementation of which spanned from 2018 to July 2021. This article reviews the campaign’s planning process, the results, challenges, and lessons learned. Methods: A descriptive method was used to postpone the planning and implementation process according to the National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) standards adapted to the COVID-19 context. The changes and adaptations implemented as well as the challenges encountered are described. Results: Between January 2018 to June 2021, 23 LLIN mass distribution campaigns were organized in the DRC with the financial support of The Global Fund to Fight against Tuberculosis, AIDS and Malaria (GFTAM) and Against Malaria Foundation (AMF) allowing the distribution of 55,273,473 LLINs to 19,048,372 households at risk of malaria transmission with an average of 2.9 LLINs per household. The enumerated population (111,081,191) exceeded 7% of the micro plans projected population (102,790,391) while the number of households enumerated (19,311,629) was 3% lower compared to the micro planning projection households (19,862,417). Compared to a reported household coverage of 96% of households achieved over the expected households, the independent monitoring carried out revealed 91% of households served in the intervention areas. The main reasons for not reaching households mentioned by the respondents were absence at the time of distribution (26%) followed by the loss of vouchers (16%). Several communication channels were used among which, community workers were the most frequently mentioned (63.1%), followed by radios (18.5%) and churches (12.4%). Conclusion: Good planning, effective coordination of stakeholders, and revision of the implementing campaigns methods following the COVID-19 were factors in the success of this campaign. An effort to respect the schedules for renewing LLINs in househo

关键词： Vector Control LLIN Campaigns COVID-19 Lessons Democratic Republic of Congo

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Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Pregnancy with Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine Does Not Have Effect on Maternal Hemoglobin at Delivery and Birth Weight in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2019年第12期7卷 168-180页

作者： Labama Otuli Noel Bosenge Nguma Jean-Didier Maindo Alongo Mike-Antoine losimba likwela joris Manga Okenge Jean-Pascal Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyUniversity of KisanganiKisanganiDemocratic Republic of Congo Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyUniversity of KisanganiKisanganiDemocratic Republic of Congo

Background: The consequences of malaria during pregnancy are different regarding local conditions of malaria transmission. In stable malaria areas, the main complications are maternal anaemia and fetal growth restriction. This study aims to determine if pregnancy-associated malaria is associated with the risk of the above-mentioned complications and to determine if IPTp-sp reduces them in Kisangani. Methods: It is a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in parturients, in 6 medical facilities of Kisangani, from January 1st to September 30th, 2017. At delivery we measured their hemoglobin, we performed the thick blood smear of their peripheral blood and placental apposition;and we weighed their newborns at birth. Results: Risk of anaemia at delivery increased with malaria access during pregnancy (p = 0.0056;OR: 1.4221, 95% CI: 1.0851 - 1.8638) and peripheral parasitaemia at delivery (p = 0.0000;OR: 6.3855, 95% CI: 4.5552 - 8.9512). LBW increased with peripheral parasitaemia at delivery (p = 0.0000;OR: 3.5299, 95% CI: 2.4424 - 5.1015) and placental parasitaemia (p = 0.0000;OR: 18.3247, 95% CI: 12.5141 - 26.8332). IPTp-sp did not have effect on maternal hemoglobin at delivery (p = 0.1546;OR: 0.7553, IC à 95%: 0.4414 - 1.2923) and the birth weight (p = 0.1225;OR: 0.6638, IC à 95%: 0.3375 - 1.3056). Conclusion: In Kisangani, pregnancy-associated malaria is associated with maternal anaemia at delivery and LBW. IPTp-sp does not reduce the risk of these complications. Therefore, studies evaluating IPTp alternatives are required in malaria endemic areas.

关键词： Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Pregnancy Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine Pregnancy-Associated Malaria Maternal Anaemia at Delivery Low Birth Weight Kisangani

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